Terrain Analysis through Maps.
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- Daisy French
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1 Terrain Analysis through Maps
2 Need for Maps
3
4 Theodolite
5
6
7 Every Inch on Earth is Measured Maps are Prepared based on these Measurements
8 Classification of Maps Function Scale Physical (Natural Features) Cultural (Man made Features) Small Scale (Important Information of Larger Areas) Large Scale (Detailed Information of a Smaller Area)
9 Different Maps
10 Different Maps
11 Classification of Maps based on Function o o o o o o o o Physical (Natural Features) Natural Vegetation Soil Map Climatic Map Astronomical Map Weather Map Physiography Map o o o o o o o o Cultural (Man made Features) Political Map Agricultural Map Industrial Map Military Map Land use Map Historical Map
12 Classification of maps based on Scale (Maps showing only the important information of larger areas) (Maps representing detailed information of a small area)
13 Atlas Map Wall Map
14 Village Map
15 Topographical Map
16 Activity 1 Divide the class in to certain groups and Discuss the Uses of Topographic Maps
17 Topographic Maps All Natural & Man made Features on Earth Contains the Surface Features Undulations of the Terrain Rivers, Water bodies, Forests Agricultural & Barren Land Villages, Towns Transport, Communication
18
19 Consolidation Uses of Topographic Maps Physical & Cultural analysis of Terrain Military Operation & Maps preparation Economic Planning (Study of Natural & Cultural Resources) Urban Planning Protection of Resources For Digitalised Maps (GIS) Understanding Land Usage, Physiography, Landforms etc..
20 Map Reading Requires a good knowledge of Scale Statement of Scale Representative Fraction Linear Scale Direction Sign & Symbols
21 Scale They represented in maps in 3 different methods 1. Statement of scale 2. Representative fraction 3. Linear scale
22 Sign & Symbols Direction
23 Reading Topographic Maps Need good Knowledge about Numbering Scheme Locational Aspects Conventional Signs & Symbols Elevation & Slope of the Terrain Method of Representation
24 Total Toposheets 2222 sheets (Whole World) 1800 sheets 0 0 to 60 0 N & S 420 sheets 60 0 to 88 0 N & S 2 sheets both the Poles same Size & Shape India & Neighboring Countries 105 Sheets India 36 Sheets
25
26 ഇഞ ച ഷ റ റ കൾ 55D 3
27 Million Sheets 4 0 Latitudinal & 4 0 Longitudinal Extent Index Numbers from Scale is 1: Degree Sheets 1 0 Latitudinal & 1 0 Longitudinal Extent Each Million sheet is divided into 16 (A to P) Scale is 1: Inch Sheets 15 (15 Minutes) Lati. & Longi. Extent Each Degree sheet is divided into 16 (1-16) Scale is 1:5000
28 Activity 2 Answer the following Questions 1. The parts of states that are included in toposheet number The index number of toposheet which cover the state of Odisha. 3. The states that are included in toposheet number The index number of toposheet which cover the state of Karnataka. 5. The index number of toposheet which cover the state of Kerala.
29 Answers 45 Rajasthan, M.P, Gujarat Odisha 64, 65, 73, Odisha, Jharkhand, W. Bengal Karnataka 47, 48, 56, 57 Kerala 48, 49, 58
30 Conventional Signs & Symbols
31
32
33 BM215
34 Activity 3 Find out the Conventional colours used to represent the following information
35 Black Blue Green Yellow White Red Brown
36 Grid Reference Red lines in the Toposheet Eastings North South Lines Northings East West Lines
37 Eastings o Direction North-South o Value Increase towards East o Location Left to the Geographic Feature
38 Northings o Direction East-West o Value Increase towards North o Location South of the Geographic Feature
39 Reference Grid Grid formed by Eastings & Northings Each Grid (2 cm Width & Breadth) covers an area with 1km Length & Breadth on the Earth s Surface 1:50000 East West Lines
40 How to find out the Location of these Features?
41 4 Figure Grid Reference Eastings (Left) 52 Northings (South) 18 Location of Lake = 5218 (Fifty two Eighteen)
42 Eastings (Left) 15 Divide into 10 equal parts Northings (South) 76 Divide into 10 equal parts Location of Lake = (Fifteen Five Seventy six Six) 6 Figure Grid Reference
43 Activity 4 Find out the Answers
44 Answers
45 Contour Lines Imaginary Lines drawn connecting Places having Equal Elevation from the Sea Level The Respective Altitude marked with each Contour line are called Contour Values
46 The difference between the value of Two adjacent Contour is Contour Interval
47 From Contour Lines Altitude of the Place Nature of the Slope Shape of the Landform
48 Shapes of the Landforms can be done by 2 Methods Method 1 Method 2 Assessing the Topography Directly from the Contours Assessing the Topography by Tracing out Contours
49 Method 1
50
51 Method 2
52
53 Intervisibility If any 2 Places are mutually Visible, then we can establish that these places are Intervisible
54 Activity 5 Find out the Answers
55 Answers
56 Toposheet Interpretation 3 Stages 1. Marginal / Primary Information 2. Physical / Natural Features 3. Cultural / Man-made Features
57 Activity 6 (Group) Prepare a Short Note on Toposheet Interpretation & Find out Answers
58 Short Note Marginal / Primary Information o General Information in Outside the Margin of Map o It Includes Toposheet Number, Name of area, Latitudes & Longitudes, Values of Northings & Eastings, Scale of Map, Contour Interval, Year of Survey and Publication, Agency etc..
59 Answers (a) Toposheet Number 56 D 11 (b) Name of the Place Karnataka (Gulburga, Raichur) (c) Latitudinal Location N N (f) Northings 83 to 92 (i) Year of Survey
60 Answers (d) Longitudinal Location E E (e) Easting 93 to 02 (g) Scale of Map 1: (h) Contour Interval 20 mtr. (j) Year of Publication 2005 (k) Agency in charge Dr. Prithish Nag, Suvey of India
61 Short Note Physical / Natural Features Water bodies (Rivers, Streams, wells..), Land forms Location to be found based on Direction or Grid Reference Method
62 Answers
63 Short Note Cultural / Man made Features Settlements, Roads, Boundaries, Places of Worship, Agricultural Land, Post Office, Police Station, Bridges.. Location to be found based on Direction or Grid Reference Method
64 Answers
65 Additional Activity by QGIS Software Contour lines connect points of equal Altitude in a map using contour lines. We can find out the three-dimensional shape of places easily with the help of QGIS software in Ubuntu
66 Application Science Quantum GIS
67 Click on Layer Add Layer Add Vector Layer
68 Click on Browse and select contour.shp file from home Qgis Project contour and click Open
69 (You can see Contour lines)
70 Click on Layer Properties Click on Labels Label this layer with and select Elevation and click Ok
71 (You can see height)
72 Click on Raster Analysis DEM (Terrain Models) From Input file click Select contour.asc file and click Open In Output file give a file name and click OK and close the boxes
73 You can see the threedimensi onal shape of that places
74 Additional Activities
75 Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi., His.) HSA (Social Science) Master Trainer, EKM
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