G. ANNUAL REVIEW SIGNATURE SHEET

Transcription

1 G. ANNUAL REVIEW SIGNATURE SHEET PROCEDURE TITLE: CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN Signature n this page insures that each prcedure has been reviewed annually. Any changes will be reflected n the prcedure by the revised date. Medical Directr SignaturelDate: hnr

2 University f Clrad Denver Health Sciences Center Prcedure H: Chemical Hygiene Plan August 13, 2008 Department f Anatmic Pathlgy, Cytlgy Sectin

3 PART I. Getting Started 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Purpse, Plicy, and Scpe Purpse This dcument cnstitutes the Chemical Hygiene Plan (C HP) required by the U.S. Occupatinal Safety and Health Act (OSHA) f 1970 and regulatins f the U.S. Department f Labr including 29 CFR "Occupatinal Expsure t Hazardus Chemicals in Labratries" (the "Labratry Standard"). The purpse f the Plan is t describe the prper use and handling practices and prcedures t be fllwed by emplyees. students, visitrs, and ther persnnel wrking in each labratry f the Department f Anatmic Pathlgy t prtect them frm ptential health and physical hazards presented by chemicals used in the wrkplace, and t keep chemical expsures belw specified limits. While the Plan establishes wrk practices t prmte safety in the labratry. each individual has the first respnsibility fr ensuring that gd health and safety practices are implemented in the labratry. Plicy and Scpe It is the plicy f the University f Clrad Denver Health Sciences Center t prvide a safe and healthy wrkplace in cmpliance with OSHA regulatins including the "Labratry Standard" referenced abve. A link t the full OSHA Labratry Standard is included in this Chemical Hygiene Plan. This Plan applies t all labratries in this specific Department. and all persnnel wh supervise r wrk in these labs Plan Organizatin Part I. Getting Started cntains the basic, minimal infrmatin labratry persnnel need t knw befre using hazardus chemicals. It is designed t get labratry persnnel directly t the relevant infrmatin they need befre beginning their labratry wrk. This Part cntains the purpse, plicy, and scpe f the Plan, and defines the rles and respnsibilities fr develping and implementing the Plan. Requirements fr training and chemical infrmatin available t persnnel are als detailed here. Part II. General Chemical Hygiene Practices cntains the minimum required precautins and standard perating prcedures fr wrking with labratry chemicals in UCDHSC Department f Anatmic Pathlgy labratries. These precautins address brad classes f chemicals. This Part cntains chemical hazard and risk assessment infrmatin, and general prcedures fr safe chemical management addressing the purchase, use, labeling, strage, dispsal and shipping f chemicals. This Part als discusses cmmn cntrls fr safe use f chemicals including administrative and engineering cntrls. 2. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES An essential cmpnent f any chemical hygiene prgram is t clearly articulate and clarify the different rles and respnsibilities f all the stakehlders wh wrk r visit in areas where chemicals are present. Clarifying rles and respnsibilities fr implementing the Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) will establish accuntability, streamline prcesses, enhance safety, and avid cnfusin and questins in meeting the Plan's bjectives The DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR The DEPARTMENT DIRECTOR shall A. Ensure the Chemical Hygiene Plan is written, and updated. B. Appint the Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO). The individual selected must be qualified by training r experience t prvide technical guidance in the develpment and PAGE 1

4 implementatin f this written Chemical Hygiene Plan. This individual must have apprpriate authrity t assist with implementatin and administratin f the Chemical Hygiene Plan. 2.2 The CHEMICAL HYGIENE OFFICER The Chemical Hygiene Officer shall : A. Knw and understand the requirements f the OSHA Labratry Standard regulatin (29CFR ) and the UCDHSC Chemical Hygiene Plan. B. Oversee the implementatin f the CHP in the Department and assist Principal Investigatrs r Supervisrs (PI/Supervisrs) with implementing the Chemical Hygiene Plan within their labratry. C. Ensure the Plan is distributed r made available t all wh are impacted by the Plan. D. Advise Principal Investigatrs r Supervisrs cncerning adequate faci lities, cntrls, and prcedures fr wrk with unusually hazardus chemicals. E. Seek ways t imprve the Chemical Hygiene Plan. F. Review and update the Chemical Hygiene Plan annually. G. Participate in investigatin f serius accidents invlving hazardus chemicals, acting as a liaisn t the Health and Safety Office. I. Assist PI/Supervisrs, as needed, with btaining services r supplies and equipment fr crrecting chemical hygiene prblems r addressing chemical hyg iene needs. J. Ensure peridic expsure mnitring requirements are met and maintain mnitring recrds. 2.3 The PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR r LABORATORY SUPERVISOR The PRINCI PAL INVESTIGATOR r LABORATORY SUPERVISOR (PI/Supervisr) shall A. Be familiar with this Chemical Hygiene Plan and ensure that all wrk is cnducted in accrdance with requirements f this Plan. They shuld cntact the CHO fr advice and assistance regarding this Plan and implementing the prvisins f this Plan when needed. B. Assess all chemicals in the labratries under their purview, and ensure measures are established fr safe use, strage, and dispsal f the hazardus chemicals within the labratry. Such measures include: 1. Preparing Standard Operating Prcedures (SOPs) fr activities invlving hazardus chemicals, when needed. 2. Prviding persnal prtective equipment needed fr safe handling f the chemicals. 3. Prviding prper cntainers, cntainment, and cabinetry fr safe strage f materials. 4. Defining the lcatin and prcesses where particularly hazardus substances will be used, ensuring these areas are labeled, and ensuring that a list f these substances is maintained. C. Ensure new prcesses r experiments invlving hazardus materials are planned carefully and apprpriate hazard infrmatin, safety equipment, and SOPs are available prir t cmmencing wrk. Always seek t minimize the amunt f hazardus chemicals purchased and used fr experiments r prcesses. D. Plan fr accidents and ensure that apprpriate supplies are in place and prcedures are established fr respnding t an accident, including cleaning up chemical spills. E. Ensure all emplyees wrking in the labratry receive required training fr wrk with ptentially hazardus chemical, including lab-specific training n the hazardus materials that they use. F. Mnitr the safety perfrmance f the staff t ensure that the requ ired safety equipment, practices and techniques are understd and are being emplyed and ensure that actin is taken t crrect wrk practices that may lead t chemical expsures r releases. PAGE 2

5 G. When needed, cntact the Health and Safety Office t arrange fr wrkplace air samples, swipes r ther tests t determine the amunt and nature f airbrne andlr surface cntaminatin, infrm emplyees and students f the results, and use data t aid in the evaluatin and maintenance f apprpriate labratry cnditins. H. Ensure emplyees wh suspect they may have received an excessive expsure t a hazardus chemical reprt t the prper health care facility. Such expsures may ccur thrugh accidental inculatin, ingestin, r inhalatin f the chemical. I. Reprt all accidents invlving an emplyee's chemical expsure r invlving a chemical spill that may cnstitute a danger f envirnmental cntaminatin t the Health and Safety Office. J. Investigate all chemical accidents and near misses t determine the cause and take apprpriate crrective actin t prevent similar accidents. Cntact the CHO r the Health and Safety Office, when needed, fr assistance with investigatins, assessment, and recmmendatins fr crrective actin. K. Ensure unwanted r excess hazardus chemicals and materials are prperly dispsed accrding t all university, state, and federal prcedures. L. Assist the Departmental Safety Officer, Health and Safety Officer, and CHO as requested. 2.4 THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OFFICE The HEALTH and SAFETY OFFICE shall: M. Prvide "General Chemical Hygiene" training by classrm, web, r when requested by a department. N. Prvide "Managing Hazardus Waste" training by classrm, web, r when requested by a department. O. Prvide materials and guidance t assist with Lab-Specific Chemical Hygiene Training. P. Establish and maintain a system fr maintaining training recrds. Q. Cnduct special investigatins and expsure mnitring, as requested r as required by regulatins, making recmmendatins fr cntrl when needed. R. Participate in inspectins f labratry peratins at least nce a year. S. Prvide guidance regarding selectin and use f persnal prtective equipment When respiratrs are required, prvide services t ensure persnnel are prvided the prper equipment, t ensure the equipment fits prperly, and t ensure users receive the required training. T Prvide, as requested, chemical safety infrmatin and guidance fr apprpriate cntrls f hazards such as prper persnal prtective equipment and lcal exhaust ventilatin. U. Assist with investigatins f serius accidents r chemical expsure incidents. 2.5 EMPLOYEES, STAFF, STUDENTS Emplyees, staff, students, and visitrs wrking with r arund hazardus chemicals in a labratry shall: A Read and understand this Chemical Hygiene Plan. S. Understand the hazards f chemicals they handle and the signs and symptms f excessive expsure. C. Understand and fllw all standard perating prcedures. D. Understand and apply all training received. E. Understand the functin and prper use f all persnal prtective equipment and wear persnal prtective equ ipment when mandated r necessary. F. Reprt t the Principal Investigatr r Labratry Supervisr any significant prblems arising frm the implementatin f the standard perating prcedures. PAGE 3

6 G. Reprt t the PI/Supervisr all facts pertaining t every accident that results in expsure t txic chemicals. H. Reprt t the PI/Supervisr r Health and Safety Representative actins r cnditins that may exist that culd result in an accident. I. Cntact the PI/Supervisr, the Chemical Hygiene Officer, the Health and Safety Officer, r the Health and Safety Office if any f the abve prcedures are nt clearly understd. 2.6 VISITORS, MINORS, TOURS and PETS Visitrs r turs thrugh the labratries facilities must be accmpanied by a labratry emplyee at all times. Minrs and pets are prhibited frm visiting the labratry areas. 2.7 TRAINING UCDHSC has established systems t ensure the emplyee is prvided with OSHA-required training f the hazards and precautins fr wrk with chemicals, including chemicals present in the wrk area. An n-the-jb safety training assessment shall then be perfrmed fr each new emplyee. An annual web-based training mdule in hazardus wastes is required annually. 2.8 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS The fllwing fur cmpnents cmpse the training system fr thse wrking in areas in which ptentially hazardus chemicals are used in a labratry, r fr Principal Investigatrs r Supervisrs wh use ptentially hazardus chemicals in a labratry. A General Chemical Hygiene Training - this n site training is ffered by the Health and Safety Officer, the departmental Safety Officer, the labratry supervisr r PI r the Chemical Hygiene Officer. This curse is required nly nce befre beginning wrk with ptentially hazardus chemicals in a labratry. B. Read the Chemical Hygiene Plan - Signing a cnfirmatin f having read and understd the Plan is required ne time befre beginning wrk with ptentially hazardus chemicals in a labratry. C. Managing Hazardus Waste - can be taken as a web-based curse. Required befre beginning wrk with ptentially hazardus chemicals and annually thereafter Training Recrds The check lists fr each emplyee wh has cmpleted the lab-specific training and the annual hazardus waste training mdule will be retained within the emplyee's file. Dcumentatin f having read the Chemical Hygiene Plan annually is maintained within the Safety Manual n the signature page. 4. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 4.1. Basic Requirements Infrmatin that must be available t labratry persnnel includes: A A cpy f the OSHA Labratry Standard and its Appendices. The Labratry Standard can be accessed n the OSHA website via and searching under the regulatin number" ". B. The Permissible Expsure Limits (PELs) fr OSHA-regulated substances and the American Cnference f Gvernmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshld Limit Values (TLVs) fr hazardus substances nt given OSHA PELs. These lists are prvided via a web link in Appendix II-A and II-B f this dcument. C. Signs and symptms assciated with expsure t hazardus substances used in the labratry. General infrmatin is integrated int Part II. Sectins 2. and 3. f this dcument. PAGE 4

7 D. The lcatin and availability f knwn reference materials n hazards, safe handling, strage and dispsal f hazardus chemicals fund in the labratry. This infrmatin is prvided in the next sectin f this dcument. In additin, yur supervisr, Chemical Hygiene Officer, EHS Crdinatr and EHS Office staff are available t prvide safety infrmatin. Cre safety infrmatin surces are discussed belw Chemical Safety Infrmatin Surces Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) are dcuments, prepared by chemical manufacturers, that prvide infrmatin abut the chemical's physical and chemical hazards and recmmended expsure limits, and list the means fr cntrlling thse hazards. MSDSs als prvide infrmatin abut first aid, emergency prcedures, and waste dispsal. An MSDS shuld be reviewed befre beginning wrk with a chemical t determine prper use and safety precautins. Once a chemical is present in the lab, the MSDS shuld be either bk marked electrnically r a hard cpy kept n hand fr reference, r in case f emergencies. Specific infrmatin required by OSHA t be n an MSDS includes: Prduct Identity Hazardus Ingredients Physical/Chemical Prperties Fire and Explsin Hazards Health Hazards and Expsure Limits Reactivity Hazards Spill Clean-U p Prtective Equipment Special Precautins MSDSs and additinal chemical hazard infrmatin can be btained frm a variety f surces as utlined belw: A. The Internet. The EHS Office has cmpiled a list f links t sites that cntain MSDSs. This list can be accessed at B. Chemical Manufacturer. A request may be made directly t the chemical manufacturer r supplier. This is ften the best surce fr "prducts" r "mixtures" t determine what hazardus ingredients are cntained in the frmulatin. C. EHS Office. A file f MSDSs fr cmmn chemicals that are in use at MIT r have been used at MIT is available thrugh the EHS Office n the furth flr f Building N52. They can be reached at (2-EHSS r frm an MIT telephne). Please cntact the EHS Office if yu need assistance in interpreting MSDS infrmatin. Newly Synthesized Chemicals and MSDS Requirements New chemical substances synthesized r prduced in yur labratry and used r shared utside f yur labratry suite are subject t OSHA Hazard Cmmunicatin Standard (29 CFR ) requirements. These rules mandate the preparatin f a Material Safety Data Sheet fr each synthesized substance and labeling f cntainers cntaining the chemical substance. Labratry Chemical Safety Summaries (LCSS) The LCSSs prvide cncise, critical discussins f the txicity, fiammability, reactivity, and explsibility f 88 chemicals cmmnly used in scientific research labratries. These are particularly useful as they address labratry use f chemicals. They are available frm the Hward Hughes Medical Institute website at Chemical Cntainer Labels Chemical cntainer labels are a gd resurce fr infrmatin n chemical hazards. All cntainers f hazardus chemicals must have labels attached. Labels n purchased chemicals must include: The cmmn name f the chemical; PAGE 5

8 The name, address and telephne number f the cmpany respnsible fr the prduct; and Apprpriate hazard warning(s). The warning may be a single wrd (e.g. Danger, Cautin, Warning) r may identify the primary hazard bth physical (e.g. water reactive, fiammable, r explsive) and health (e.g. carcingen, crrsive r irritant). Mst labels prvide additinal safety infrmatin t help wrkers prtect themselves frrn the substance. This infrmatin may include prtective measures and/r prtective clthing t be used, first aid instructins, strage infrmatin and emergency prcedures. Labratry persnnel are respnsible fr: Inspecting incrning cntainers t be sure that labels are attached and are in gd cnditin and cntain the infrmatin utlined abve. Reading the cntainer label each time a newly purchased chemical is used. It is pssible that the manufacturer may have added new hazard infrmatin r refrmulated the prduct since the last purchase. Ensuring that chemical cntainer labels are nt remved r defaced, except when cntainers are empty. Labeling any secndary cntainers used in the labratry, t prevent unknwn chemicals r inadvertent reactin. Verifying that chemical waste cntainers have cmplete and accurate chemical waste labels. Additinal guidance n labeling chemical cntainers can be fund in Part II. Sectin 6. Envirnment, Health and Safety Reference Literature The EHS Office maintains a library f reference materials addressing envirnrnent, health and safety issues. These references include applicable expsure standards and recmmended expsure levels, as well as cpies f the OSHA Lab Standard and its Appendices. These materials, as well as additinal health and safety references, rnay be reviewed by visiting the EHS Office lcated n the furth ftr f Building N52. PAGE 6

9 PART II. General Chemical Hygiene Practices 1. INTRODUCTION Part II. f this Chemical Hygiene Plan cntains the minimum recuired precaulins and standard perating prcedures fr wrking with labratry chemicals in MIT labratries. These precautins address brad classes f chemicals. This Part cntains chemical hazard and risk assessment infrmatin, and general prcedures fr safe chemical management addressing the purchase, use, labeling, strage, dispsal and shipping f chemicals. This Part als discusses cmmn cntrls fr safe use f chemicals including administrative and engineering cntrls, such as fume hds, persnal prtective equipment, and designated areas. Hazardus chemicals can cause harm when they enter the bdy in sufficient amunts via inhalatin, ingestin, injectin r skin absrptin. Harmful effects can als ccur by eye r skin cntact alne. The nature f the hazardus chemical and the rutes by which it enters r cntacts the bdy determine the type f cntrls that are needed. The Occupatinal Safety and Health Administratin (OSHA) and ther rganizatins have set ccupatinal expsure limits n airbrne chemical expsure. Keeping expsures belw these limits is generally believed t prtect emplyees and students. Permissible Expsure Limits (PELs) set by OSHA are cntained in Appendix II-A. Threshld Limit Values (TLVs) established by the American Cnference f Gvernmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) are cntained in Appendix II-B. Fr many labratry chemicals, expsure limits have nt been established. In additin, little is knwn abut the effects f cmbined expsures. Therefre, all labratry wrkers shuld take steps t minimize chemical expsure via all rutes f entry. OSHA recgnizes that sme classes f chemical substances pse a greater health and safety risk than thers. T differentiate this different risk characteristic, OSHA identifies tw categries f hazardus chemicals: hazardus chemicals and particularly hazard us substances. Particularly hazardus substances (PHSs) is a subset f hazardus chemicals that is regulated mre stringently because they have been deemed t pse a substantially greater risk. Because f this, OSHA requires additinal precautins and prcedures be undertaken when particularly hazardus substances are used in the labratry. Intrductin t Standard Operating Prcedures A standard perating prcedure (SOP) is a written set f instructins r guidelines that detail the unifmn prcedures t be fllwed rutinely, and safety precautins t take when carrying ut a particular experiment r prcedure. The develpment and implementatin f standard perating prcedures fr critical activities is a cre cmpnent f prmting excellence in a labratry and fr ensuring a safe, healthy, and envirnmentally sund wrkplace. Fr these reasns, the develpment f SOPs is an essential administrative tl t be used in the labratry and is a tl that is required by the OSHA Labratry Standard. Literally thusands f different cmpunds are invlved in the research being cnducted in campus labratries. The specific health hazards assciated with many f these cmpunds are unknwn, and many substances are new cmpunds which have nt been reprted previusly in the chemical literature. Cnsequently, it is impssible in this Chemical Hygiene Plan t prvide standard perating prcedures fr each specific hazardus substances. Instead, th is Part utlines general prcedures that shuld be emplyed in the use f all hazardus substances. Individual research grups may be required t supplement these general prcedures with additinal standard perating prcedures fr handling specific hazardus substances that are used in their labratries. This Chemical Hygiene Plan cntains cre standard perating prcedures fr the safe use f tw categries f chemicals: hazardus chemicals, and particularly hazardus substances (PHS). These standard perating prcedures are cntained in Part II. Sectin 3. These general safety PAGE 7

10 prcedures are designed t ensure basic levels f staff health and safety in the labratry, fr rutine and cmmn practices, uses, and chemicals. Yu are required t develp additinal written standard perating prcedures if the general SOPs prvided in Part II f this Plan DO NOT adequately ensure the prtectin f persnal health and safety, and the envirnment fr a particular activity, peratin, r experiment cnducted in yur labratry. This requirement is particularly applicable if a prcedure requires detailed and specific guidance t avid dangerus expsures r cnsequences such as an explsin. SOPs must be develped prir t initiating any significantly hazardus prcedures. Guidelines and a template fr preparing SOPs when required as nted abve, are cntained in Part III. f this Plan. A cpy f all SOPs develped must be lcated in the labratry spaces, and be available t all peple in the labratry. It is recmmended, but nt required, that all additinal SOPs be included in Part III. f this Chemical Hygiene Plan. Prir t wrking with chemicals fllwing the SOPs in Part II. Sectin 3, there are certain steps yu must take t understand the hazards f the wrk yu are ding with chemicals. A prcess fr assessing the hazards f chemical use is utlined belw. 2. IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS Determine the specific chemicals yu are wrking with and the type f hazard they present. Many f the substances encuntered in the labratry are knwn t be txic r crrsive, r bth. Cmpunds that are explsive andlr are highly fiammable pse anther significant type f hazard. New and untested substances that may be hazardus are als frequently encuntered. Thus, it is essential that all labratry wrkers understand the types f txicity, recgn ize the rutes f expsure, and are familiar with the majr hazard classes f chemicals. The mst imprtant single generalizatin regarding txicity in chemical research is t treat all cmpunds as ptentially harmful, especially new and unfamiliar materials, and wrk with them under cnditins t minimize expsure by skin cntact and inhalatin. When cnsidering pssible txicity hazards while planning an experiment, it is imprtant t recgnize that the cmbinatin f the txic effects f tw substances may be significantly greater than the txic effect f either substance alne. Because mst chemical reactins are likely t cntain mixtures f substances whse cmbined txicities have never been evaluated, it is prudent t assume that mixtures f different substances (e.g., chemical reactin mixtures) will be mre txic than the mst txic ingredient cntained in the mixture. Furthermre, chemical reactins invlving tw r mre substances may frm reactin prducts that are significantly mre txic than the starting reactants. The OSHA Labratry Standard defines a hazardus chemical as "a chemical fr which there is statistically significant evidence based n at least ne study cnducted in accrdance with established scientific principles that acute r chrnic health effects may ccur in expsed emplyees. The term 'health hazard' includes chemicals which are carcingens, txic r highly txic agents, reprductive txins, irritants, crrsives, sensitizers, hepattxins, nephrtxins, neurtxins, agents which act n the hematpietic systems, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, r mucus membranes". Highly fiammable and explsive substances cmprise a categry f hazardus chemicals. The majr classes f hazardus and particularty hazardus chemicals and their related health and safety risks are discussed in further detail belw Pssible Animal Carcingens Carcingens are chemical r physical agents that cause cancer. Generally they are chrnically txic substances; that is, they cause damage after repeated r lng-duratin expsure, and their PAGE 8

11 effects may nly becme evident after a lng latency perid. Chrnic txins are particularly insidius because they may have n immediate apparent harmful effects. Fr a large number f cmpunds there is limited evidence f carcingenicity t animals frm studies invlving experimental animals. These cmpunds shuld be handled using the general prcedures fr wrk with hazardus substances. Certain select carcingens are classified as "particularly hazardus substances" and must be handled using the additinal special precautins described. Select carcingens (defined in detail belw) cnsist f cmpunds fr which there is evidence frm human studies that expsure can cause cancer. It is imprtant t recgnize that sme substances invlved in research labratries are new cmpunds and have nt been subjected t testing fr carcingenicity Crrsive Substances As a health hazard, crrsive substances cause destructin f, r alteratins in, living tissue by chemical actin at the site f cntact. Majr classes f crrsive substances include strng acids (e.g., sulfuric, nitric, hydrchlric, and hydrfluric acids), strng bases (sdium hydrxide, ptassium hydrxide, and ammnium hydrxide), dehydrating agents (sulfuric acid, sdium hydrxide, phsphrus pentxide, and calcium xide), and xidizing agents (hydrgen perxide, chlrine, and brmine). Symptms f expsure fr inhalatin include a burning sensatin, cughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shrtness f breath, nausea, and vmiting. Fr eyes, symptms include pain, bld sht eyes, tearing, and blurring f visin. Fr skin, symptms may include reddening, pain, inflammatin, bleeding, blistering and burns. As a physical hazard, crrsive substances may crrde materials they cme in cntact with and may be highly reactive with ther substances. It is imprtant t review infrmatin regarding materials they crrde, and their reactivity with ther substances, as well as infrmatin n health effects Irritants Irritants are defined as nn-crrsive chemicals that cause reversible inflammatry effects n living tissue by chemical actin at the site f cntact. A wide variety f rganic and inrganic cmpunds, including many chemicals that are in a pwder r crystalline frm, are irritants and cnsequently, skin cntact with all labratry chemicals shuld always be avided Sensitizers A sensitizer (allergen) is a substance that causes expsed peple t develp an allergic reactin in nrmal tissue after repeated expsure t the substance. Examples f allergens include diazmethane, chrmium, nickel, frmaldehyde, iscyanates, arylhydrazines, benzylic and allylic halides, and many phenl derivatives Flammable and Explsive Substances A number f highly flammable substances are in cmmn use in campus labratries. Explsive substances are materials that decmpse under cnditins f mechanical shck, elevated temperature, r chemical actin, with the release f large vlumes f gases and heat. Sme materials, such as perxide frmers, may nt be explsive, but may frm explsive substances ver time Hazardus Substances with Txic Effects n Specific Organs Substances included in this categry include (a) hepattxins (substances that prduce liver damage such as nitrsamines and carbn tetrachlride); (b) nephrtxins (agents causing damage t the kidneys such as certain halgenated hydrcarbns); (c) neurtxins (substances which prduce their primary txic effects n the nervus system such as mercury, acrylamide, and carbn disulfide); (d) agents which act n the hematpietic system (such as carbn mnxide and cyanides which decrease hemglbin functin and deprive the bdy tissues f xygen); and (e) agents which damage lung tissue such as asbests and silica. PAGE 9

12 2.7. Particularly Hazardus Substances/Select Carcingens As discussed in earlier sectins f this Chemical Hygiene Plan, hazardus chemicals are chemicals fr which there is scientific evidence that adverse acute r chrnic health effects may ccur in expsed wrkers. An agent is an acute txin if its txic effects are manifested after a single r shrt-duratin expsure. Chrnically txic agents shw their effects after repeated r lng-duratin expsure and the effects usually becme evident nly after a lng latency perid. Many f the substances in frequent use in labratries are classified as hazardus substances, and the prcedures fr wrking with these chemicals are detailed. There are sme substances, hwever, that pse such significant threats t human health that they are classified as "particularly hazardus substances" (PHSs). The OSHA Labratry Standard requires that special prvisins be established t prevent the harmful expsure f researchers t PHSs. The Department f Pathlgy has limited expsure t PHSs; the mst prevalent being frmaldehyde. Chemicals are classified as particularly hazardus substances if they belng t ne r mre f the fllwing three categries. Cmpunds classified as particularly hazardus substances generally must then be handled using special prcedures in additin t the prcedures utlined fr hazardus chemicals Select Carcingens Certain ptent carcingens are classified as "select carcingens" and treated as PHSs. A select carcingen is defined in the OSHA Labratry Standard as a substance that meets ne f the fllwing criteria: a) It is regulated by OSHA as a carcingen, b) It is listed as "knwn t be a carcingen" in the latest Annual Reprt n Carcingens published by the Natinal Txiclgy Prgram (NTP), c) It is listed under Grup 1 ("carcingenic t humans") by the Internatinal Agency fr Research n Cancer (IARC), r d) It is listed under IARC Grup 2A r 2B, ("prbably carcingenic t humans") r under the categry "reasnably anticipated t be a carcingen" by the NTP, and causes statistically significant tumr incidence in experimental animals in accrdance with any f the fllwing criteria: (i) after inhalatin expsure f 6-7 hurs per day, 5 days per week, fr a significant prtin f a lifetime t dsages f less than 10 mg/m3; (ii) after repeated skin appl icatin f less than 300 mg/kg f bdy weight per week; r (iii) after ral dsages f less than 50 mg/kg f bdy weight per day. The fllwing Table lists the substances meeting criteria (a), (b), r (c). Fr infrmatin n cmpunds meeting criteria (d), examine IARC Grup 2A and 2B lists and the NTP lists that are available n the Internet PAGE 10

13 Partial List f Select Carcingens (Includes OSHA Carcingens) 2-acetylaminfiurene acrylamide acrylnitrile 4-amindiphenyl arsenic and certain arsenic cmpunds asbests azathiprine benzene benzidine bis( chlrmethyl) ether 1,3 butadiene 1,4-butanedil dimethylsulfnate (myleran) cadmium chlrambucil chlrmethyl methyl ether chrmium and certain chrmium cmpunds cal-tar pitches cal tars cke ven emissins cnjugated estrgens cyclphsphamide 1,2-dibrm-3-chlrprpane 3,3'-dichlrbenzidine (and its salts) diethylstilbestrl dimethylaminazbenzene dimethyl sulfate ethylene dibrmide ethylene xide ethylenimine frmaldehyde hexamtehylphsphramide hydrazine melphalan 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chlraniline) methylene chlride methylene dianiline mustard gas N, N' -bis(2 -ch lrethyl)-2 -naphthylamine (chlrnaphazine) alpha-naphthylamine beta-naphthylamine nickel carbnyl 4-nitrbiphenyl N-nitrsdimethylamine beta-prpilactne thrium dixide tresulphan vinyl ch lride Nte: the abve list is nt intended t be cmplete, and it is the respnsibility f the researcher (in cnsultatin with their labratry supervisr) t evaluate each cmpund invlved in their wrk and t determine whether it shuld be handled as a select carcingen. 2,7,2 Reprductive and Develpmental Txins Reprductive txins can affect the reprductive health f bth male and female emplyees and students if prper prcedures and cntrls are nt used. Fr wmen, expsure t reprductive txins during pregnancy can cause adverse effects n the fetus; these effects include embrylethality (death f the fertilized egg, embry r fetus), malfrmatins (teratgenic effects), and pstnatal functinal defects. Examples f embrytxins include thalidmide and certain antibitics such as tetracycline. Wmen f childbearing ptential shuld nte that embrytxins have the greatest impact during the first trimester f pregnancy. Because a wman ften des nt knw that she is pregnant during this perid f high susceptibility, special cautin is advised when wrking with all chemicals, especially thse rapidly absrbed thrugh the skin (e.g., frmamide). Pregnant wmen and wmen intending t becme pregnant shuld cnsult with their labratry supervisr and the Health and Safety Office befre wrking with substances that are suspected t be reprductive txins. As minimal precautins, the general prcedures utlined in Part II belw shuld then be fllwed fr wrk with such cmpunds. Fr men, the affects f certain reprductive txins may include decline in fertility, malfrmatins in ff-spring, and certain types f cancer. Therefre, adequate prtectin frm expsure must be emplyed. Infrmatin n reprductive txins can be btained frm Material Safety Data Sheets. The fllwing Table lists sme cmmn materials that are suspected t be reprductive txins; in mst labratries it will be apprpriate t handle these cmpunds as particularly hazardus substances. PAGE 11

14 Partial List f Reprductive Txins arsenic and certain arsenic cmpunds benzene cadmium and certain cadmium cmpunds carbn disulfide ethylene glycl mnmethyl and ethyl ethers ethylene xide lead cmpunds mercury cmpunds tluene vinyl chlride xylene Nte: The abve list is nt intended t be cmplete, and it is the respnsibility f the researcher (in cnsultatin with their labratry supervisr) t evaluate each cmpund invlved in their wrk and t determine whether it shuld be handled as a reprductive txin, 2,7.3 Cmpunds with a High Degree f Acute Txicity Cmpunds that have a high degree f acute txicity cmprise a third categry f particularly hazardus substances as defined by the OSHA Labratry Standard, Acutely txic agents include certain crrsive cmpunds, irritants, sensitizers (allergens), hepattxins, nephrtxins, neurtxins, agents that act n the hematpietic systems, and agents which damage the lungs, skins, eyes, r mucus membranes, Substances that have a high degree f acute txicity are interpreted by OSHA as being substances that "may be fatal r cause damage t target rgans as the result f a single expsure r expsures f shrt duratin", Txic and Highly Txic Agents OSHA regulatins (29 CFR Appendix A) define txic and highly txic agents as substances with median lethal dse (LD50) values in the fllwing ranges: Test Txic Highly Txic Oral LD mg/kg <50 mg/kg (albin rats) Skin Cntact LD mg/kg <200 mg/kg (albin rabbits) Inhalatin LC ppm/air <200 ppm/air (albin rats) It is imprtant t nte that the abve classificatin des nt take int cnsideratin chrnic txicity (e,g, carcingenicity and reprductive txicity), Als, nte that LD50 values vary significantly between different species, and the human txicity fr a substance may be greater r less than that measured in test animals, OSHA cnsiders substances that are either txic r highly txic, as defined abve, t be particularly hazardus substances, In evaluating the acute txicity f chemical substances, the HMIS (Hazardus Materials Identificatin System) rating criteria develped by the Natinal Paint and Catings Assciatin may be helpful. HMIS numbers can ften be fund in MSDSs, LD50 values can be fund in MSDSs and in references such as the Sigma-Aldrich Library f Chemical Safety Oata and Patnaik's A Cmprehensive Guide t the Hazardus Prperties f Chemical Substances, PAGE 12

15 The fllwing Table lists sme f the cmpunds that may be in current use in campus labratries and that have a high degree f acute txicity: Partial List f Cmpunds with a High Degree f Acute Txicity abrin acrlein arsine chlrine diazmethane dibrane (gas) hydrgen cyanide hydrgen fiuride methyl fiursulfnate nickel carbnyl nitrgen dixide smium tetrxide zne phsgene ricin sdium azide sdium cyanide (and ther cyanide salts) strychnine Nte: the abve list is nt intended t be cmplete, and it is the respnsibility f the researcher (in cnsultatin with their labratry supervisr) t evaluate each cmpund invlved in their wrk and t determine whether it is a substance with a high degree f acute txicity. Cmpunds classified as having a high degree f acute txicity must generally be handled using the prcedures utlined in Part II belw in additin t the prcedures utlined fr hazardus chemicals in Part II. In evaluating the hazards assciated with wrk with txic substances, it is imprtant t nte that a number f factrs infiuence the respnse f individuals t expsure t txic cmpunds. Fr example, peple are rarely expsed t a single bilgically active substance. With this pint in mind, it is ntewrthy that ne txin can infiuence the effect f a secnd. This underscres the im prtance f maintaining gd labratry practices at all times, and with all chemicals. 3. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR WORK WITH HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 3.1. Preliminary Steps and Prcedures All wrk invlving chemicals in UCDHSC labratries must be cnducted using the "Standard Operating Prcedures" utlined belw. In additin, labratry wrkers must determine whether any f the chemicals t be handled in the planned experiment meet the definitin f a particularly hazardus substance due t high acute txicity, carcingenicity, and/r reprductive txicity. If s, cnsider the ttal amunt f the substance that will be used, the expected frequency f use, the chemical's rutes f expsure, and the circumstances f its use in the prpsed experiment Use this infrmatin t determine whether it is apprpriate t apply the "Additinal Prcedures fr Wrk with Particularly Hazardus Substances" utlined in Part II. Fr very txic r hazardus substances, r specialized practices, cnsideratin must be given t whether additinal cnsultatin with safety prfessinals and develpment f specialized SOPs is warranted r required. STEP 1: Determine the txicity and warning prperties f the chemicals t be used in yur experiment. Identify the chemicals invlved in the prpsed experiment and determine the amunts that will be used. Use an up-t-date LCSS r MSDS t determine the expsure limit, type f txicity, warning prperties (smell, irritatin, etc.) and symptms f expsure fr each chemical invlved in the planned experiment PAGE 13

16 Assume that any mixture f chemicals will be mre txic than its mst txic cmpnent. Cnsider substituting less txic chemicals. STEP 2: Determine mst likely rutes f expsure based n hw chemicals will be used and their physicallchemical prperties. Inhalatin - Inhalatin risks are highest when vlatile liquids. gases. dusts. r mists are used r generated. Heating will increase the vlatility f liqu ids. Pay particular attentin t chem icals with lw expsure limits. Ptential fr inhalatin is highest when chemicals are used n an pen lab bench. Use in enclsed apparatus r chemical labratry hds decreases inhalatin expsure ptential. Skin Expsure - Chances fr skin expsu re exist fr mst labratry chemical prcedures. When the "skin" ntatin is listed in the expsure limit sectin f the MSDS, the chemical can be absrbed thrugh the intact skin. Injectin r ingestin - Nt nrmally a majr rute f expsure if prper handling prcedures are used. Determine whether the experiment invlves a significant risk f inadvertent ingestin r injectin f chemicals. STEP 3: Determine required cntrl measures, persnal prtective equipment, and prper wrk practices t minimize expsure. A. Inhalatin Cntrl Measures Determine When t Use Labratry Chemical Hds (Fume Hds) Prcedures invlving vlatile txic substances and thse peratins invlving slid r liq uid txic substances that may result in the generatin f vaprs r aersls shuld be cnducted in a labratry hd r ther type f lcal exhaust ventilatin. Determine Whether Respiratrs Might Be Required Generally, hazards shuld be cntrlled by use f venti latin and it shuld nt be necessary t use respiratrs. Cntact the Health and Safety Office fr help in evaluating the need fr a respiratr. If ne is needed and yu are medically qualified t wear a respiratr, btain ne f the crrect type and size frm the Chemical Hygiene Officer B. Persnal Prtective Equipment Fr Eyes and Skin Select and wear apprpriate eye and face prtectin. Wearing eye prtectin is required by OSHA regulatin whenever and wherever ptential eye hazards exist. Hazards requiring eye and/r face prtectin include flying particles; mlten metal; liquids including acids and caustic materials, bilgical r radiactive materials; chemical gases r vaprs; and ptentially injurius light radiatin. Many Departments, Labs and Centers require eye prtectin at all times in labs and shps, and pst "eye prtectin required" signs n the drs r in the hazardus areas. Use safety glasses with side shields as basic eye prtectin fr handling chemicals where there is a lw risk f splash r splatter. When puring large amunts f chemicals, bserving prcesses that are under heat r pressure, making adjustments t chemical cntaining apparatus, r perfrming ther peratins r tasks with a mderate t high ptential splash risk r severe cnsequences in the event f a splash, chemical gggles shuld be used. A face shield can be used with the gggles t prtect the face under these circumstances. Wear apprpriate clthing in the labratry when wrking with hazardus substances. Wear labratry cats with lng sleeves. D nt wear sandals r pen-ted shes r shes made f wven material when wrking with hazardus substances. Cn fine lng hair and lse clthing. PAGE 14

17 Avid skin cntact and ingestin f hazardus substances by using apprpriate hand prtectin, prtective clthing, and prper wrk practices. Cntact with the skin is a frequent mde f chemical injury. A cmmn result f skin cntact is lcalized irritatin. but an appreciable number f hazardus substances are absrbed thrugh the skin with sufficient rapidity t prduce systemic pisning. Ingestin f substances is rarely deliberate, but may ccur because f cntaminatin f hands handling fd. cntaminatin f cmmn wrk surfaces in the lab. and incidental cntaminatin f fd r materials that cme in cntact with the muth. and thrugh pr wrk practices. Avid cntact with. and ingestin f, hazardus substances by taking the fllwing precautins: Select and wear apprpriate hand prtectin. generally glves. t prevent injury t hands r expsure by absrptin f chemicals thrugh the skin f the hands. Glves fr wrk with chemicals must be selected based n the ptential cntact hazard. and the permeability f the glve material. Fr incidental skin cntact with small amunts f chemicals n a surface, r wrk with mst pwders. dispsable nitrile glves are usually adequate. Fr wrk invlving materials that are readily absrbed thrugh the skin. the glve must be carefully selected using glve impermeability charts.yu shuld als evaluate need fr hand prtectin frm physical hazards such as extreme heat r cld. and make sure yu use apprpriate glves. Never use muth suctin t pipette chemicals r t start a siphn; a pipette bulb r aspiratr shuld instead be used t prvide vacuum. Never taste labratry chemicals. Wash yur hands with sap and water immediately after wrking with hazardus chemicals. Eating. drinking. smking, gum-chewing. and applying csmetics in labratries where hazardus substances are in use is prhibited. D nt stre fd, beverages. cups. r ther drinking and eating utensils in areas where hazardus chemicals are used r stred. Immediately clean up small spills n wrk benches r in labratry hds. Prperly use and maintain persnal prtective equipment (PPE). Persnal prtective equipment shuld be kept clean and stred in an area where it will nt becme cntaminated. Persnal prtective equipment shuld be inspected prir t use t be sure it is in gd cnditin. It shuld fit prperly and be wrn prperly. If it becmes cntaminated r damaged. it shuld be cleaned r fixed r. in the case f dispsable equipment, discarded and replaced. STEP 4: Be Prepared fr Emergencies Befre beginning an experiment, knw what specific actin yu will take in the event f the accidental release f any hazardus substances invlved. Knw the lcatin and hw t perate all safety equipment including fire blankets. eye washes. safety shwers. spill carts and spill cntrl materials. Be familiar with the lcatin f the nearest fi re alarm and telephne, and knw what telephne numbers t call in the event f an emergency. Knw the lcatin f the circuit breakers fr yur labratry. Fr all accidents requiring emergency plice, fire, r medical respnse, cntact Campus Plice at r 4444 frm an UCHSC telephne. An UCDHSC Emergency Respnse Guide shuld be psted in every labratry in an area accessible t all. This guide utlines the prcedures t fllw fr mst types f emergency situatins. Carefully review the guidelines fr handling medical emergencies, persnal injury. PAGE 15

18 chemical spills and fire in the labratry. This infrmatin culd save yur r yur lab mate's life. Only a subset f that infrmatin is repeated here. In additin, Emergency Actin Plans are required fr each Department, Labratry, r Center (DLC) under the Occupatinal Health and Safety Administratin (OSHA) regulatins. All staff and students shuld be familiar with their labratry's Emergency Actin Plan, as it specifies the apprpriate respnse and building exit plans fr a variety f life-safety emergency situatins. A. Chemical Cntaminatin If the victim r their clthes are chemically cntaminated, put n apprpriate persnal prtective equipment and remve victim's cntaminated clthing. Using a chemical shwer, eyewash, r sink in a safe area, fld cntaminated bdy part(s) with large amunts f water fr 15 minutes. B. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) As time permits, and if yu will nt be placed at risk, attempt t identify the chemicals invlved and btain MSDS' r ther relevant infrmatin. Prvide the MSDS t the ambulance crew. C. Chemical Spills - Minr vs. Majr Be prepared in advance. Have spill supplies available fr the types f spills that might ccur. Knw under what circumstances yu shuld clean up the spill, r when yu shuld evacuate and seek help. Minr hazardus materials r waste spills that present n immediate threat t persnnel safety, health, r t the envirnment can be cleaned up by labratry persnnel that use the materials r generate the waste. A minr hazardus material spill is generally defined as a spill f material that is nt highly txic, is nt spilled in large quantity, des nt present a significant fire hazard, can be recvered befre it is released t the envirnment, and is nt in a public area such as a cmmn hallway. Such a spill can usually be cntrlled and cleaned up by ne r tw persnnel. Majr hazard us material and waste spills shuld be reprted t the Health and Safety Office ( r frm an UCDHSC telephne t receive immediate prfessinal assistance and supprt in the cntrl and clean up f the spilled material. Majr hazardus materials r waste spills are generally defined as having a significant threat t safety, health, r the envirnment. These spills generally are a highly txic material r is spilled in large quantity, may present a significant fire hazard, cannt be recvered befre it is released t the envirnment, r is spilled in a public area such as a cmmn hallway. Upn reprting such a spill persnnel shuld stand-by at a safe distance t guide respnders and spill clean up experts t the spill area. Reprting persnnel shuld als keep ther persnnel frm entering int the spill area. In the case f a spill that presents a situatin immediately dangerus t life r health, r a situatin with significant risk f a fire, persnnel shuld evacuate the area and summn emergency assistance by dialing the UCDHSC Plice ( , r 4444 frm an UCDHSC telephne), activating a fire alarm statin, r bth Essential Labratry Wrk Practices Prperly use, maintain, and dispse f labratry glassware and ther sharps. Imprper use f glassware is a frequent cause f injuries and accidents in the labratry. Careful handling and strage prcedures shuld be used t avid damaging glassware. Always carefully inspect glassware fr flaws and cracks befre use. Damaged items shuld be discarded r repaired. Hand prtectin shuld be used when picking up brken glass. (Small pieces shuld be swept up with a brush int a dustpan). PAGE 16

19 Brken glassware, syringes, and ther "sharp bjects" must be dispsed f prperly. Such waste shuld be separated frm ther trash and stred fr pickup in clearly marked cntainers. Brken glass must be placed in a strng cardbard bx, sealed shut and labeled "brken glass." All sharps, i.e. needles, blades, must be dispsed f in "sharps" cntainers Attend t husekeeping by establishing and fllwing rutine cleaning prcedures as part f the wrk yu d. There is a definite relatinship between safety and rderliness in the labratry. The fllwing husekeeping rules shuld be adhered t in all labratries: Clean bench tps and ther wrk areas and equipment regularly. D nt allw dirty glassware, expired r unneeded samples r chemicals, and trash r bxes t accumulate. When firs require cleaning, ntify building services. Maintain ready access t exits and safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, eyewashes, and safety shwers. D nt stre materials in a way that will blck access t exits r safety equipment Chemical strage refrigeratrs shuld be defrsted peridically and shuld nt be vercrwded Discurage children and pets in labratries. Prudent safety practices discurage allwing children and pets in labratries where hazardus substances are stred r are in use. In fact, regulatins prh ibit pets frm certain bisafety-rated labratries. It is therefre urged that children and pets nt be permitted in labratries. Hwever, if children are allwed, they must be under the direct supervisin f their parent r ther qualified adu lt, and shuld be allwed t visit nly fr a brief perid f time Establish and fllw safe chemical strage prcedures fr yur labratry. All prcedures emplyed must cmply with OSHA, fiammable material, and building cde regulatins. The fllwing minimum guidelines must be adhered t: Access t all hazardus chemicals, including txic and crrsive substances, shuld be restricted at all times. Specifically, gd practice wuld dictate that these materials be stred in labratries r strerms that are kept lcked at all times when labratry persnnel are nt present I n the case f unusually txic r hazardus materials, additinal precautins are advisable and likely required, such as keeping the materials in lcked strage cabinets. T avid the accumulatin f excess chemicals, it is recmmended that yu maintain a list f chemicals in yur lab and check this list prir t pu rchasing new chemicals. When purchasing new chemicals, purchase the minimum quantities f cmmercial chemicals necessary fr yur research. Make sure all cntainers f chemicals are in gd cnditin. Make sure all cntainers f chemicals, (including research samples), are prperly labeled. When apprpriate, special hazards shuld be indicated n the label. Fr certain classes f cmpunds, (e.g. ethers), the date the cntainer was pened shuld be written n the labe l. Stre incmpatible materials in separate cabinets. If they must be stred tgether due t space limitatins, prvide secndary cntainment t separate incmpatible materials. PAGE 17

20 CJ CJ CJ D nt stre liquids abve eye-level. Particularly, large cntainers (mre than 1 liter) shuld be stred belw eye-level n lw shelves. Avid strage f hazardus chemicals n the fir. If such strage is required, prvide secndary cntainment fr liquids stred n the flr. Fr refrigerated strage f chemicals, ensure refrigeratin equipment is selected prperly fr the types f materials t be stred. Fr fiammable r explsive chemicals, special refrigeratrs are required. See flammables and explsives sectin belw. Fd shuld never be kept in refrigeratrs used fr chemical strage. D nt stre items in the wrking space f fume hds Take precautins when transprting hazardus substances between labratries. Chemicals must be transprted between stckrms and labratries in break-resistant r apprved secndary cntainers. Apprved secndary cntainers are defined as cmmercially available bttle carriers made f rubber, metal, r plastic, with carrying handle(s), and which are large enugh t hld the cntents f the chemical cntainer in the event f breakage Fllw established prcedures fr handling excess and waste chemicals t ensure cmpliance with regulatry requirements. Cnsideratin f the means f dispsal f chemical wastes shuld be part f the planning f all experiments befre they are carried ut. The cst f dispsing f excess and waste chemicals has becme extremely expensive, and frequently exceeds the riginal cst f purchasing the chemica l. Whenever practical, rder the minimum amunt f material pssible in rder t avid the accumulatin f large stcks f "excess chemicals" which will nt be needed in future research. Such cllectins f "excess chemicals" frequently cnstitute safety hazards, since many substances decmpse upn lng strage and ccasinally their cntainers becme damaged r degrade. In additin, the dispsal f significant quantities f excess chemicals ultimately presents a very significant financial burden t faculty research accunts Take additinal precautins fr wrk with flammable substances. Flammable substances are amng the mst cmmn f the hazardus materials fund in campus labratries. Flammable substances are materials that readily catch fire and burn in air. A flammable liquid des nt itself burn; it is the vaprs frm the liquid that burn. The rate at which different liquids prduce flammable vaprs depends n their vapr pressure, which increases with temperature. The degree f fire hazard depends als n the ability t frm cmbustible r explsive mixtures with air, the ease f ignitin f these mixtures, and the relative densities f the liquid with respect t water and f the gas with respect t air. Precautins fr handling flammable substances include: CJ CJ CJ CJ Flammable substances shuld be handled nly in areas free f ignitin surces. Besides pen fiames, ignitin surces include electrical equipment (especially mtrs), static electricity, and fr sme materials, (e.g. carbn disulfide), even ht surfaces. Never heat a fiammable substance with an pen fiame. When transferring fiammable liquids in metal equipment, static-generated sparks shuld be avided by bnding and the use f grund straps. Ventilatin is ne f the mst effective ways t prevent the frmatin f flammable mixtures. A labratry hd shuld be used whenever appreciable quantities f flammable substances are transferred frm ne cntainer t anther, allwed t stand r be heated in pen cntainers, r handled in any ther way. Be sure that the hd is free f all ignitin surces including, in particular, variable transfrmers (variacs). PAGE 18

21 Generally, nly small quantities f fiammable liquids shuld be kept at wrk benches. Larger quantities shuld be stred away frm ignitin surces in fiammable strage cabinets. It is advisable t purchase highly flammable slvents (e.g., acetne, hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrfuran) nly in metal r break-resistant (e.g., plastic r plastic-cated), ccntainers. Refrigeratrs used fr strage f chemicals must be explsin-prf r flame prf. Strage trays r secndary cntainers shuld be used t minimize the distributin f material in the event a cntainer shuld leak r break Take additinal precautins fr handling explsive r perxide frming substances. Explsive substances are materials that decmpse under cnditins f mechanical shck, elevated temperature, r chemical actin, with the release f large vlumes f gases and heat. Special precautins are required fr the safe use f explsive materials. It is the respnsibility f the researcher t evaluate the explsive hazards invlved in their wrk and t cnsult with their supervisr t develp detailed standard perating prcedures fr any wrk invlving explsive substances. Wrk with explsive materials will generally require the use f special prtective apparel (face shields, glves, lab cats) and prtective devices such as explsin shields and barriers. Organic perxides are amng the mst hazardus substances handled in campus labratries. As a class, they are lw-pwer explsives, hazardus because f their sensitivity t shck, sparks, and even frictin (as in a cap being tnisted pen ). Many perxides that are rutinely handled in labratries are far mre sensitive t shck than mst primary explsives such as trinitrtluene (TNT). All rganic perxides are highly flammable, and mst are sensitive t heat, frictin, impact, light, as well as strng xidizing and reducing agents. Sme perxides in use at UCDHSC are cmmercial cmpunds such as m-chlrperxybenzic acid, benzyl perxide, hydrgen perxide, and t-butyl hydrperxide. Hwever, many cmmn slvents and reagents are knwn t frm perxides n expsure t air, and these chemicals ften becme cntaminated with sufficient perxides t pse a serius hazard. Classes f cmpunds that frm perxides by autxidatin include: Aldehydes including acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde, Ethers with primary and/r secndary alkyl grups, including acyclic and cyclic ethers, acetals, and ketals. Examples include diethyl ether, diisprpyl ether (especially dangerus!), dixane, dimethxyethane, tetrahydrfuran, ethyl vinyl ether and alchls prtected as tetrahydrpyranyl ethers. Isprpyl alchl als frequently frms perxides upn strage. Hydrcarbns with allylic, benzylic, r prpargylic hydrgens. Examples f this class f perxide-frmers include cyclhexene, cyclctene, methyl acetylene, isprpylbenzene (cumene), and tetralin (tetrahydrnaphthalene). Cnjugated dienes, enynes, and diynes, amng which divinylacetylene is particularly hazardus. Saturated hydrcarbns with expsed tertiary hydrgens; cmmn perxide-frmers include decalin (decahydrnaphthalene) and 2,5-dimethylhexane. Precautins fr wrk with perxides frming materials: Stre perxide frming materials away frm heat and light. Prtect perxidizable cmpunds frm physical damage, heat, and light. PAGE 19

22 Date perxidizable cntainers with date f receipt and date f pening. Affixing a label stating 'Warning, Perxide Frmer" can als be helpful t alert thers regarding these materials. Use r dispse f perxides within time limits recmmended n the label r MSDS. If crystals are visibly present n the cntainer r lid, r if the cntainer is pen but has nt been tested, d nt pen. Cntact the Health and Safety Office t arrange fr dispsal. Immediately rinse empty cntainers that nce held perxidizables. D nt let residues evaprate. Fr assistance in dispsing f larger quantities f perxides r ther explsive materials, cntact the Heath and Safety Office at Take additinal precautins fr wrk with crrsive substances. Crrsivity is a cmplex hazard. Crrsives can be slids, liquids, and gases and includes acids, bases, xidizers, as well as ther chemical classes. Crrsives may belng t mre than ne chemical class. What is at risk varies, as well. Elemental mercury is cnsidered a txic substance, but it is shipped as a crrsive substance because it can deterirate sme metals. Fr purpses f these standard perating prcedures, a crrsive is any chemical that can rapidly damage human tissue, metals, and ther cmpunds, such as wd r cncrete by chemical actin. Stre by cmpatibility. Segregate acids frm bases. Segregate xidizing acids, such as nitric acid frm rganic acids, such as acetic acid. Stre crrsives n a lwer shelf r in ventilated crrsive strage cabinets. Make sure cntainers and equipment, such as tubing, etc. used with crrsive materials is cmpatible with thse materials. Persnal prtective equ ipment is imprtant fr wrk with crrsives. Neprene r rubber glves, gggles and face shield, rubber aprn, and rubber bts shuld be cnsidered. Always add acid t water, never water t acid. Wherever crrsives are used r stred, be sure there is a wrking, readily accessible eyewash and safety shwer, and Seek medical attentin immediately in the event f a ptentially injurius expsure Additinal Prcedures fr Wrk with Particularly Hazardus Substances Cmpile Infrmatin. Befre beginning a labratry peratin, each researcher shuld cnsult the apprpriate literature fr infrmatin abut the txic prperties f the substances that will be used. The precautins and prcedures described belw shuld be fllwed if any f the substances t be used in significant quantities is knwn t have high acute r mderate chrnic txicity. If any f the substances being used is knwn t be highly txic, it is desirable that there be at least tw peple present in the area at all times. These prcedures shuld als be fllwed if the txiclgical prperties f any f the substances being used r prepared are unknwn Establish designated areas in the labratry fr use f Particularly Hazardus Substances. A key requirement f the OSHA Labratry Standard is that all wrk with particularly hazardus substances be cnfined t designated areas. The designated area established in yur labratry depends n the circumstances f use fr the PHS. A designated area may be the labratry, a specific area f the labratry, r a device such as a glve bx r fume hd. There als may be designated equipment such as a specific balance, r centrifuge in which yu wrk with r prcess PHS materials. It is mst cmmn fr labratry hds t serve as designated areas fr mst research. Labratry supervisrs are required t ntify the Chemical Hygiene Officer f the PAGE 20

23 specific lcatin f any designated areas established in their research grups that are nt labratry hds Make sure designated areas are psted with a yellw and black cautin sign. It is the respnsibility f labratry supervisrs t define the designated areas in their labratries and t pst these areas with cnspicuus signs reading "DESIGNATED AREA FOR USE OF PARTICULARLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES--AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY". In sme cases it may be apprpriate t pst additinal signs describing unusual hazards present and/r identifying the specific hazardus substances in use. Yu can als cnsider marking with yellw tape a sectin f a bench space r sectin f a lab hd where PHSs are used Use particularly hazardus substances nly in the established designated areas. Using PHSs utside f areas designated fr their use, pses a significant danger t yu and the thers in yu r labratry and surrunding areas Take actin t prevent skin cntact. Cntact with the skin is a frequent mde f chemical injury. Avid al/ skin cntact with particu/arty hazardus substances by using suitable prtective apparel including the apprpriate type f glves r gauntlets (lng glves) and a suitable labratry cat r aprn that cvers all expsed skin. Always wash yur hands and arms with sap and water immediately after wrking with these materials. In the event f accidental skin cntact, the affected areas shuld be fiushed with water and medical attentin shuld be btained as sn as pssible Avid inhalatin f PHSs. Avid inhalatin f PHSs by ensuring that wrk invlving ptential fr expsure t a gas, vapr r airbrne dust is cnducted in a labratry hd, r ther suitable cntainment device such as a glve bx. Purchase material in liquid frm rather that pwder frm when pssible Thrughly decntaminate and clean the designated area(s) at regular intervals. Decntaminatin prcedures shuld be established in writing, especially thse invlving chemical treatments, and cnsist f any necessary peridic (daily, weekly, etc. ) prcedures perfrmed t cntrl expsure f emplyees. Depending n the chemical material, this may cnsist nly f wiping a cunter with a wet paper twel, r peridic use f a neutralizing agent. T determine the prper decntaminatin prcedures, ne must cnsider the chemical (r type f chemical), the amunt f chemical used, the specific use, the lcatin f use, and ther factrs Be prepared fr accidents. The labratry wrker shuld always be prepared fr pssible accidents r spills invlving txic substances. T minimize hazards frm accidental breakage f apparatus r spills f txic substances in the hd, cntainers f such substances shuld generally be stred in pans r trays made f plyethylene r ther chemically resistant material and, particularly in large-scale wrk, apparatus shuld be munted abve trays f the same type f material. Alternatively, the wrking surface f the hd can be fitted with a remvable liner f adsrbent plastic-backed paper. Such prcedures will cnta in spilled txic substances in a pan, tray, r adsrbent liner and greatly simplify subsequent cleanup and dispsal. If a majr release f a particularly hazardus substance ccurs utside the hd, then the rm r apprpriate area shuld be evacuated and necessary measures taken t prevent expsure f ther wrkers. The Health and Safety Office shuld be cntacted immediately ( ) fr assistance and equipment fr spill clean-up. Persnnel can be cntacted fr assistance after wrking hurs by calling Campus Plice ( ). Spills shuld nly be cleaned up by persnnel wearing suitable persnal prtective apparel. Cntaminated clthing and shes shuld be thrughly decntaminated r incinerated Dn't cntaminate the envirnment. PAGE 21

24 Vaprs that are discharged frm experiments invlving particularly hazardus substances shuld be trapped r cndensed t avid adding substantial quantities f txic vapr t the hd exhaust air. The general waste dispsal prcedures shuld be fllwed; hwever, certain additinal precautins shuld be bserved when waste materials are knwn t cntain substances f high txicity When necessary. restrict access t designated areas when particularly hazardus substances are in use. Designated areas shuld be psted with special warning signs indicating that particularly txic substances may be in use. As discussed abve, many labratry hds are designated areas fr wrk with particularly hazardus substances Special Precautins fr Wrk with Frmaldehyde Frmaldehyde is a particularly hazardus substance that is widely used at UCDHSC and is cvered under a specific OSHA Standard UCDHSC must identify all labratry activities that are abve the OSHA actin level r STEL thrugh initial air mnitring and prvide training, medical surveillance, and engineering and wrk practice cntrls if air levels warrant it Frmaldehyde is an animal carcingen and a suspect human carcingen accrding t OSHA and IARC. It is als a sensitizer and can cause allergic skin reactins and asthma-like respiratry symptms. It is an irritant t eyes, nse, and thrat The Industrial Hygiene Prgram (IHP) has perfrmed extensive air sampling fr frmaldehyde during a variety f lab activities such as animal perfusin, dissectins, and tissue fixatin and fund the results t be belw OSHA levels prvided that suitable exhaust venti latin is used. Almst all frmaldehyde prcedures shuld be perfrmed with ventilatin such as a fume hd, slt hd, r vented dwndraft table. All wrk shuld be dne using glves with adequate resistance t frmaldehyde, such as the Best N-Dex brand (a dispsable nitrile glve). With prper exhaust ventilatin, yu shuld nt detect any drs frm frmaldehyde wrk nr experience any symptms f expsure such as eye tearing r thrat irritatin. If yu d, please cntact Health and Safety Office fr an evaluatin. Annual screening f frmaldehyde cncentratin levels is cnducted by the Health and Safety Office. 4. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Persnal prtective equipment (PPE), t include eye and face prtectin, glves, prtective clthing, prtective ftwear, and respiratry prtectin may be needed t ensure an emplyee is adequately prtected frm hazards assciated with the wrk they are ding. When persnal prtective equipment is needed, it is required by regulatin that a hazard assessment be made t identify the specific hazards f cncern and the PPE required fr prtectin frm thse hazards. 5. OTHER SAFETY AND STORAGE EQUIPMENT 5.1. Labratry Fume HdsNentilatin Labratry Fume Hds Lcal exhaust ventilatin is the primary methd used t cntrl inhalatin expsures t hazardus substances. The labratry hd is the mst cmmn lcal exhaust methd used n campus; ther methds include vented enclsures fr large pieces f equipment r chemical strage, and snrkel types f exhaust fr capturing cntaminants near the pint f release. Sme systems are equipped with air cleaning devices (HEPA filters r carbn adsrbers). It is advisable t use a labratry hd when wrking with all hazardus substances. In additin, a labratry hd r ther suitable cntainment device must be used fr all wrk with "particularly PAGE 22