HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY MANUAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY

Transcription

1 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY MANUAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SAFETY

2 Emergency Phne Numbers Newark Campus: Fire University Plice Ambulance Student Health Center Lewes Campus Fire Plice Emergency Ambulance University Plice Gergetwn Campus Fire Plice Emergency Ambulance Wilmingtn Campus Fire Plice Emergency Ambulance University Plice Dver Campus Fire Plice Emergency Ambulance Pisn Infrmatin Center Lcal Natinal July 2007 Envirnmental Health and Safety General Services Bldg., Rm S. Chapel Street Newark, DE (302)

3 University Of Delaware Safety Plicy Number 7-1 The plicy f the University f Delaware is t prvide the university cmmunity with a safe and healthful wrk envirnment. Serius attempts will be made t minimize recgnizable hazards. It is the intent f the university t cmply with all ccupatinal health, safety, and fire regulatins and recmmended practices. The implementatin f this plicy is the respnsibility f the managerial and supervisry staff. Vice Presidents, Deans, Directrs, Chairpersns, Heads f Offices, Labratry Supervisrs and ther supervisry persnnel will be held accuntable fr the health and safety f emplyees engaged in activities under their supervisin. Supervisrs must insist that emplyees cmply with health and safety rules and wrk in a safe and cnsiderate manner. Fstering a psitive attitude twards health and safety shall be the respnsibility f the supervisry staff. Emplyees, faculty and students must understand their respnsibility is t cmply with health and safety rules issued by the university, their departments and their supervisrs. Emplyees, faculty and students are encuraged t reprt all unsafe cnditins t their supervisrs. The Department f Envirnmental Health and Safety (DEHS) has the authrity t assure verall cmpliance with the intent f this plicy. The DEHS als functins in an advisry and cnsultative capacity prviding a wide variety f ccupatinal health and safety services. Their assistance shuld be sught by any ffice, department, emplyee, faculty member, student r supervisr which experiences an ccupatinal health r safety prblem. University plicies referenced in this manual can be fund n the Web under

4 Cntents 1.0 Purpse f the Delaware Hazardus Chemical Infrmatin Act Purpse f the OSHA Labratry Standard Emplyee and Student Rights Educatinal Prgrams Wrkplace Chemical Lists Hazardus Chemicals (Definitin) Labels Handling Chemicals Persnal Prtectin Chemical Strage Chemical Stability Incmpatible Chemicals Shck Sensitive Chemicals Slvents Cmpressed Gases Radiactive Material Bihazardus Materials Restricted Areas Waste Dispsal Chemical Spills Injury and Illness Persnal Cntaminatin Minr First Aid Fire and Fire Related Emergencies Industrial Txiclgy Overview Classificatin f Txic Materials Target Organ Effects Reprductive Hazards Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Examples f SDS s: Acetne Glssary References Appendix A Hazardus Chemical Training Certificatin fr General Wrkers Hazardus Chemical Training Certificatin fr Labratry Wrkers i

5 1.0 Purpse f the Delaware Hazardus Chemical Infrmatin Act In July 1984, the State f Delaware enacted the Hazardus Chemical Infrmatin Act. The General Assembly fund the health and safety f persns living and wrking in Delaware may be imprved by prviding access t infrmatin regarding hazardus chemicals t which they may be expsed either during their nrmal emplyment activities r during emergency situatins. Many emplyers in the State f Delaware have established suitable infrmatin prgrams fr their emplyees as required f all manufacturing emplyers by Nvember 1985 under the Federal Occupatinal Safety and Health Administratin's Hazard Cmmunicatin Standard. Refer t University Plicy The Federal standard des nt apply t nnmanufacturing emplyers like the University f Delaware. It is, therefre, the intent and purpse f the Act t prvide accessibility t infrmatin regarding chemicals t emplyees wh may be expsed t such chemicals in nnmanufacturing emplyer wrkplaces. The Act als applies t students and the labratry use f hazardus chemicals Exemptins t the Act The Hazardus Chemical Infrmatin Act des nt apply t chemicals in the fllwing categries: Cnsumer prducts r hazardus substances which are used in the wrkplace fr the purpse intended by the manufacturer f the prduct and where the expsure limit des nt exceed that f a cnsumer using the prduct fr the intended purpse and des nt pse a physical hazard r health risk t emplyees: Prducts intended fr persnal cnsumptin Any fd, fd additive, drug r csmetic Distilled spirits, wines r malt beverages If yu are nt sure a chemical in yur wrk area is exempted, cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. 1

6 2.0 Purpse f the OSHA Labratry Standard In January 1990, the Occupatinal Safety and Health Administratin (OSHA) published the Labratry Standard. They fund after a careful review f the cmplete rule-making recrd, that labratries typically differ frm industrial peratins in their use and handling f hazardus chemicals and that a different apprach than that fund in OSHA's substance specific health standards is warranted t prtect wrkers. The Labratry Standard applies t all labratries that use hazardus chemicals in accrdance with the definitins f labratry use and labratry scale prvided in the standard. Generally, where this standard applies it supersedes the prvisins f all ther standards in 29 CFR, Part 1910, Subpart Z, except in specific instances identified by this standard. Fr labratries cvered by this standard, the bligatin t maintain emplyee expsures at r belw the Permissible Expsure Limits (PELs) specified in 29 CFR, Part 1910, Subpart Z is retained. Hwever, the manner in which this bligatin is achieved will be determined by each emplyer thrugh the frmulatin and implementatin f a Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP). The CHP must include the necessary wrk practices, prcedures and plicies t ensure that emplyees are prtected frm all ptentially hazardus chemicals in use in their wrk area. Cpies f the University CHP are fund in each department and in the Department f Envirnmental Health and Safety (DEHS). At the University f Delaware, all faculty, staff, and graduate students wrking in labratries must cmply with this standard. Refer t University Plicy Undergraduate students assigned t a research labratry are cvered by bth regulatins. Students in undergraduate teaching labratries are nly cvered by the Delaware Rightt-Knw Law, but shuld be infrmed f the CHP. 2

7 3.0 Emplyee and Student Rights Emplyees and students wh may be expsed t hazardus chemicals are guaranteed access t the fllwing: Chemical Expsure Infrmatin Wrkplace Chemical Lists Safety Data Sheets (SDS) The University is required t advise yu f yur rights regarding the Hazardus Chemical Infrmatin Act and the OSHA Labratry Standard. This pamphlet meets the requirement in part. In additin, standard "Ntice t Emplyee" frms will be psted at lcatins where ntices are nrmally psted. It is t yur advantage t knw yur rights. Take time t read the "Ntice t Emplyee" frm psted in yur wrk area. In additin, emplyees and students shall receive training n the hazards f chemicals and n the measures they can take t prtect themselves frm thse hazards as well as the cntents f the Chemical Hygiene Plan where applicable. The University must prvide emplyees with apprpriate persnal prtective equipment. Students may be required t purchase cmmn items such as lab aprns, gggles, face shields, and glves. Hwever, special items such as respiratrs will be prvided by the University. Emplyees have the right t request a medical evaluatin by a licensed physician when they develp symptms which may be attributed t chemical expsure r fllwing an incident which results in the likelihd f a hazardus expsure. Yu have the right t file a cmplaint against the University regarding alleged vilatins f the Hazardus Chemical Infrmatin Act. If yu file a cmplaint, the Act prtects yu frm: Discharge r Cause fr discharge Discipline Discriminatin Lss f pay, psitin, senirity r benefits Alleged vilatins f the Act and/r Standard shuld be referred t yur supervisr, instructr, departmental CHO, r the DEHS. Hwever, yu always have the right t file a cmplaint with the State f Delaware fr vilatin f the Hazardus Chemical Infrmatin Act. Prviding yu with hazardus chemical infrmatin des nt affect the liability f the University with regard t the health and safety f emplyees and students. The University still has the respnsibility t take actin t prevent the ccurrence f ccupatinal disease and unnecessary expsure. 3

8 4.0 Educatinal Prgrams The University must prvide, at least annually, an educatin and training prgram fr emplyees using r handling chemicals. This training must cver the cntents f the CHP fr research labratry persnnel. Additinal instructin is required whenever the ptential fr expsure t hazardus chemicals is altered r whenever new infrmatin cncerning a chemical is received. New r newly assigned emplyees must be prvided training befre wrking with r in a wrk area cntaining hazardus chemicals. Fr students, training may be required fr each curse. Training prgrams shall include, as apprpriate, the fllwing: Interpreting labels and MSDS s Lcatin f hazardus chemicals Acute and chrnic effects f chemicals Safe handling prcedures Persnal prtective equipment First aid Clean up prcedures Waste dispsal CHP requirements In the event a large variety f hazardus chemicals are stred r in use, the University may substitute generic training fr chemical specific training. The cntents f this pamphlet meet, in part, the generic training requirements. Yur supervisr r instructr will prvide additinal training as necessary. The University is required t keep a recrd f training sessins prvided t emplyees and students. Yu will be required t sign a ledger verifying yur attendance at a training sessin. Refer t Appendix A fr cpies f the RTK and RTK/CHP training certificatin frms. If yu d nt understand the material prvided r discussed, cntact yur supervisr, instructr, departmental CHO, r the DEHS. 4

9 5.0 Wrkplace Chemical Lists and Chemical Inventries The University is required t cmpile and maintain a Wrkplace Chemical List in each department r wrk area where individual hazardus chemicals (including cmpressed gases) are nrmally used r stred in excess f 55 gallns r 500 punds. The Wrkplace Chemical List cntains the fllwing infrmatin: The chemical name r the cmmn name The wrk area where the chemical is nrmally used r stred The Wrkplace Chemical List prvides yu with infrmatin regarding large quantities f hazardus chemicals in yur wrk area. It must be readily available t emplyees, their representatives, and students. New r newly assigned emplyees and students will be made aware f the Wrkplace Chemical List befre wrking with hazardus chemicals r in a wrk area cntaining large quantities f hazardus chemicals. Departments will update the list as necessary but nt less than annually. The OSHA Labratry Standard requires emplyees t be trained in the hazards f the chemicals present in the wrkplace. As a result, labratries shall develp inventries t assure that prper training fr all chemicals is prvided. An annual inventry can reduce the number f unknwns and the tendency t stckpile chemicals. It als prvides an pprtunity t check the integrity f the chemicals and cntainers (i.e. picric acid that has becme dry) and assures that a labratry has nt exceeded the quantity limitatins fr certain classes f chemicals. At a minimum, a labratries chemical inventry shuld cntain the cmmn chemical name, amunt, lcatin in the labratry and any special hazards (carcingenic, reprductive txin, reactive, etc.) fr all chemical used r stred in the space. 5

10 6.0 Hazardus Chemicals (Definitin) The Hazardus Chemical Infrmatin Act defines a hazardus chemical as any element, chemical cmpund r mixture f elements and/r cmpunds which pses a physical hazard r a health hazard. The Act applies t all hazardus chemicals regardless f quantity. A chemical is a physical hazard if there is scientifically valid evidence that it is any f the fllwing: * A cmbustible liquid * A cmpressed gas * An explsive * A flammable * An rganic perxide * An xidizer * A pyrphric * An unstable material (reactive) r a water reactive A chemical is a health hazard if there is statistically significant evidence based n at least ne study cnducted in accrdance with established scientific principles that acute r chrnic health effects may ccur in expsed emplyees. Included are: * Carcingens * Irritants * Reprductive txins * Crrsives * Sensitizers * Radiactive material * Neurtxins (nerve) * Bihazards * Hepattxins (liver) * Nephrtxins (kidney) * Agents that damage the lungs, skin, eyes, r mucus membranes A chemical is cnsidered a carcingen r ptential carcingen if it is listed in any f the fllwing: Natinal Txiclgy Prgram, "Annual Reprt f Carcingens" (latest editin) Internatinal Agency fr Research n Cancer, "Mngraphs" (latest editin) OSHA, 29CFR1910, Subpart Z, Txic and Hazardus Substances A chemical is cnsidered hazardus if it is listed in any f the fllwing: OSHA, 29CFR1910, Subpart Z, Txic and Hazardus Substances "Threshld Limit Values fr Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Wrk Envirnment", ACGIH (latest editin) "The Registry f Txic Effects f Chemical Substances", NIOSH (latest editin) 6

11 In mst cases, the label will indicate if the chemical is hazardus. Lk fr key wrds like cautin, hazardus, txic, dangerus, crrsive, irritant, carcingen, etc. Old cntainers f hazardus chemicals (befre 1985) may nt cntain hazard warnings. Certain chemicals such as: extremely txic, select carcingens, reprductive hazards, and radiactive materials require apprval f the Departmental Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO), the University Chemical Hygiene Cmmittee r the DEHS prir t their use. Refer t the University CHP. If yu are nt sure whether a chemical yu are using is hazardus, review the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) r cntact yur supervisr, instructr, departmental CHO, r the DEHS. 7

12 7.0 LABELS A label is any written, printed, r graphic material displayed n r affixed t cntainers f hazardus chemicals. Existing labels n new cntainers f hazardus chemicals r cntainers in strage shall nt be remved r defaced. Emplyees and students are nt required t wrk with a hazardus chemical frm an unlabeled cntainer except fr a prtable cntainer intended fr the immediate use by the emplyee r student wh perfrms the transfer. This requirement des nt apply t students assigned unknwn chemicals fr analysis. Hwever, hazard infrmatin may nt be withheld. Labels r ther frms f hazard warnings, such as tags r placards, prvide immediate warning f ptential danger. They may be used t warn f a variety f ptential physical hazards r health hazards. When it is impractical t print all the hazard infrmatin n the label, manufacturers are required t generate an SDS. Read all the infrmatin n the label carefully. If yu d nt understand smething, cntact yur supervisr r instructr fr an explanatin r request the SDS. All chemical cntainer labels must cntain the fllwing infrmatin: Cntents f the cntainer (cmmn chemical name) Name and address f the manufacturer Physical and health hazards (e.g. carcingen, flammables) Recmmended persnal prtective equipment Every six mnths check chemical inventry t make sure cntainer labels are in gd cnditin. 8

13 8.0 Handling Chemicals Carefully read the label befre using a chemical. The SDS will prvide any special handling infrmatin. D nt wrk alne in the labratry. Use required persnal prtective equipment and safety glasses. Label all cntainers with full chemical name and health and physical hazard infrmatin (e.g. carcingen r flammable slid). Keep yur hands and face clean. Wash thrughly with sap and water after handling any chemical. Keep chemicals ff yur hands, face, clthing, and shes. Clthing shall be apprpriate t the labratry; effrt shuld be made t minimize skin expsure (i.e. lab cats, lng pants, and regular shes are recmmended). Sandals, pen-ted r perfrated shes and shrts leave expsed skin vulnerable t chemical cntaminatin. Uncnfined lng hair, ties r ther dangling clthing r jewelry can pse a snagging r ignitin threat in the labratry. Never smell, inhale r taste a hazardus chemical. Smking, drinking, eating and the applicatin f csmetics is frbidden in areas where hazardus chemicals are in use. D nt dispense mre f a hazardus chemical than is needed fr immediate use. Always use chemicals with adequate ventilatin r in a chemical fume hd, as apprpriate. Refer t the SDS. Use hazardus chemicals nly as directed r fr their intended purpse. Inspect equipment r apparatus fr damage befre adding a hazardus chemical. D nt use damaged equipment. Never use muth suctin t fill a pipette. Use a pipette bulb r ther pipette filling device. Refer t University Plicy Electrically grund and bnd cntainers using apprved methds befre transferring r dispensing a flammable liquid frm a large cntainer. Fr specific infrmatin regarding chemical handling, cntact yur supervisr, instructr, departmental CHO, r the DEHS. 9

14 9.0 Persnal Prtectin General Cnsideratins Safety glasses are required t be wrn in labratries at all times. Persnal prtective devices are t be used nly where engineering and administrative cntrls cannt be used r made adequate, r while cntrls are being instituted. Refer t University Plicy Engineering and administrative cntrls t reduce r eliminate expsures t hazardus chemicals include: Substitutin f a less hazardus substance (e.g. substitute Cyclhexane fr benzene) Substitutin f a less hazardus equipment r prcess (e.g. safety cans fr glass bttles) Islatin f the peratr r the prcess Lcal and general ventilatin (e.g. use f fume hds) Hazard educatin Jb rtatin The SDS will list the persnal prtective equipment recmmended fr use with the chemical. The SDS addresses "wrse case" cnditins. Yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS will determine which persnal prtective devices are required fr each task. Hwever, use cmmn sense; there is n harm in being verprtected. Departments must prvide persnal prtective equipment t emplyees. In additin the University must respnd t persnnel requests fr medical evaluatins f persnal expsure t chemicals. On ging medical mnitring may be required in certain circumstances. Check the SDS fr special ventilatin requirements, such as: Use with adequate ventilatin Use in a fume hd Avid inhalatin f vaprs Prvide lcal ventilatin Ventilatin recmmendatins must be adapted t the wrksite and the specific prcess. Supervisrs and Teaching Assistants are especially urged t set a persnal example f safe practices by always wearing apprpriate PPE. 10

15 Respiratry Prtectin Respiratrs are designed t prtect nly against certain specific types f substances and in certain cncentratin ranges, depending n the type f equipment used. Respiratr selectin is based n the hazard and the prtectin factrs required. Types f respiratry prtective equipment include: Particle-remving air purifying respiratrs Gas and vapr-remving air purifying respiratrs Atmsphere supplying respiratrs Yu shuld familiarize yurself with the limitatins f each type f respiratry prtective equipment used and the signals fr respiratr failure (dr breakthrugh, filter clgging, etc.). Respiratrs are nt t be used except in cnjunctin with a cmplete respiratry prtectin prgram. If yur wrk requires the use f a respiratr, cntact the DEHS. Yu will be required t receive special training and may be required t participate in the medical mnitring prgram. D nt use respiratry prtective equipment until yu have received prper training. Refer t University Plicy 7-32, Respiratry Prtectin. Prtective Clthing/Eye Prtectin Skin and bdy prtectin invlves prtective clthing and may pertain t either specific bdy parts r the entire bdy. Eye and face injuries are prevented by the use f the fllwing: Safety glasses with side shields fr dust and flying bject prtectin Chemical splash gggles fr chemical splash, spray and mist prtectin Face and neck shields fr head and neck prtectin frm varius hazards (must be used with safety glasses r gggles) Refer t University Plicy 7-23, Eye Prtectin Plicy. When there is n immediate danger t the skin due t cntact with a hazardus chemical, yur clthes can be prtected frm chemical cntaminatin by wearing lab cats, cveralls, aprns r prtective suits. These garments shuld nt leave the wrk site. General categries f cntaminants include: * Dirt and grease * Txic dust (asbests) * Bacterilgical agents * Lab chemicals * Radiactive materials 11

16 Fr wrk generating heavy cntaminatin, special attentin must be given t sealing all penings in the clthing. Tape can be utilized fr this purpse. Caps shuld be wrn t prtect hair frm cntaminatin. Expsures t strng acids, acid gases, rganic chemicals, strng xidizing agents, radiactive material, etilgical agents, carcingens, and mutagens require the use f prtective equipment that prevent skin cntaminatin. Impervius chemical prtective equipment must be utilized. Examples include: *Chemical prtective glves * Chemical prtective bts * Chemical prtective suits * Special prtective equipment Prtective Clthing/Glves Befre using a chemical, yu shuld check t make sure f the prper type f glve needed. Yu can check fr the prper chemical prtective clthing by lking in the catalg used t purchase the glves, talking t yur supervisr r department Chemical Hygiene Officer, r calling the DEHS. Listed belw are types f glves depending n the chemical used. 12

17 Chemical Vinyl Rubber Syn. Natural Resistance Neprene Plastic Latex Nitrile Latex Latex Alchls E E G E E G Caustics E E E E E E Chlrinated Slvents G F NR E G NR Ketnes G NR G G G G Petrleum Slvents E G F S E F Organic Acids E E E E E E Inrganic Acids E E E E E E Nn-Chlrinated Slvents G F NR G G NR Insecticides E E F S E F Inks E E F S E F Frmaldehyde E E E S S E Acrylnitrile E G E S E E Hydraulic Fluid E E F S E F Carbn Disulfide NR F G F NR G Paint Remver F F NR E F NR S - Superir E Excellent G Gd F Fair NR Nt Recmmended Determine what chemicals are t be used and then cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS fr infrmatin regarding chemical prtective clthing. It has becme well knwn that glves cntaining natural rubber latex can cause allergic reactins in sme individuals. Cntact the DEHS fr mre infrmatin n latex allergies r if yu develp a sensitivity t any ther PPE. The DEHS web site may als be referenced fr additinal infrmatin n latex allergies. Additinal infrmatin t glve guidance may be btained thrugh the fllwing: Envirnmental Health & Safety Glve Guide (request frm DEHS) 13

18 10.0 Chemical Strage Carefully read the label befre string a hazardus chemical. The MSDS will prvide any special strage infrmatin and incmpatibilities. D nt stre unsegregated chemicals in alphabetical rder. D nt stre incmpatible chemicals in clse prximity t each ther. Separate hazardus chemicals in strage as fllws: * Slids: * Oxidizers * Flammable slids * Water reactive * Others * Liquids: * Acids * Caustics * Oxidizers * Perchlric acid * Flammable/cmbustible * Gases: * Txic * Flammable * Oxidizers and inert *Classes: *Inrganic * Organic Once separated int hazard classes, chemicals may be stred alphabetically. Use apprved strage cntainers and safety cans fr flammable liquids. Use spill trays under cntainers f liquid reagents. Dispse f ld chemicals prmptly. See waste dispsal sectin f this pamphlet. (See Sectin 22.0, page 21.) D nt stre liquids abve eye level. D nt stre flammable r cmbustible materials in rdinary refrigeratrs. Refer t University Plicy 7-14, Purchase and Safe Use f Refrigeratin Units. Assure all cntainers are prperly labeled. Fr mre infrmatin n chemical strage cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. Als see 14

19 11.0 Chemical Stability Stability refers t the susceptibility f the chemical t dangerus decmpsitin. Ethers, liquid paraffins, and lefins frm perxides n expsure t air and light. Since these chemicals are packaged in an air atmsphere, perxides can frm even thugh the cntainers have nt been pened. Perxidizable chemicals such as thse listed belw shuld be dated upn receipt. Strage and use shuld be limited t the time indicated fr each class r list. Cntainers which shw signs f irn xide r cpper xide shuld be handled with extra precautin since many metal xides prmte perxide frmatin. The mst hazardus cmpunds - thse that frm perxides withut being cncentrated, which can accumulate a hazardus level f perxides simply n strage after expsure t air - are in List A. Cmpunds frming perxides that are hazardus nly when cncentrated are in List B. List C cnsist f vinyl mnmers that may frm perxides which can initiate explsive plymerizatin f the mnmers. Cmmn cmpunds that frm perxides during strage: LIST A (Three Mnths) PEROXIDE HAZARD ON STORAGE Isprpyl Ether Divinyl Acetylene Vinylidene Chlride Ptassium Metal Sdium Amide LIST B (Twelve Mnths) PEROXIDE HAZARD ON CONCENTRATION Ethyl Ether Tetrahydrfuran Dixane Acetal Vinyl Ethers 2-Butanl 2-Prpanl Cyclhexene Cumene Methylcyclpentane Methyl Acetylene Diacetylene Dicyclpentadiene LIST C (Twelve Mnths) HAZARD DUE TO PEROXIDE INITIATION OF POLYMERIZATION Styrene Butadiene* Tetraflurethylene* Chlrtriflurethylene Vinyl Acetylene Vinyl Acetate Vinyl Chlride Vinyl Pyridine Chlrprene* * When stred as a liquid, the perxide-frming ptential increases and certain mnmers (butadiene, chlrprene, and tetraflurethylene) shuld be cnsidered a List A cmpund. Unless an inhibitr was added by the manufacturer, clsed cntainers f ethers shuld be discarded after 1 year. 15

20 Open cntainers f ethers shuld be discarded within 6 mnths f pening. The label and SDS will indicate if a chemical is unstable. Fr additinal infrmatin n chemical stability cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. 16

21 12.0 Incmpatible Chemicals Certain hazardus chemicals cannt be safely mixed r stred with ther chemicals because a severe reactin can take place r an extremely txic reactin prduct can result. The label and MSDS will cntain infrmatin n incmpatibilities. Als see The fllwing is a table cntaining examples f incmpatible chemicals: Chemical Acetic acid Acetylene Alkali metals Keep Out f Cntact With: chrmic acid, nitric acid, hydrxyl cmpunds, ethylene glycl, perchlric acid, perxides, permanganates chlrine, brmine, cpper, flurine, silver, mercury water, carbn tetrachlride r ther chlrinated hydrcarbns, carbn dixide, halgens Ammnia, anhydrus Ammnium nitrate Aniline Brmine Carbn, activated Chlrates Chrmic acid Chlrine mercury, chlrine, calcium hypchlrite, idine, brmine, hydrfluric acid acids, metal pwders, flammable liquids, chlrates, nitrites, sulfur, finely divided rganic r cmbustible materials nitric acid, hydrgen perxide same as chlrine calcium hypchlrite, all xidizing agents ammnium salts, acids, metal pwders, sulfur, finely divided rganic r cmbustible materials acetic acid, naphthalene, camphr, glycerin, turpentine, alchl, flammable liquids in general ammnia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, methane, prpane (r ther petrleum gases), hydrgen, sdium carbide, turpentine, benzene, finely divided metals 17

22 Chlrine dixide Cpper Cumene hydrperxide Hydrcarbns Hydrcyanic acid Hydrfluric acid Hydrgen perxide Hydrgen sulfide Idine Mercury Nitric acid Oxalic acid Perchlric acid Ptassium Ptassium chlrate Ptassium permanganate Silver Sdium ammnia, methane, phsphine, hydrgen sulfide acetylene, hydrgen perxide acids, rganic r inrganic flammable liquids ammnium nitrate, chrmic acid, hydrgen perxide, nitric acid, sdium perxide, halgens flurine, chlrine, brmine, chrmic acid, sdium perxide nitric acid, alkali/caustic chemicals ammnia, aqueus r anhydrus cpper, chrmium, irn, mst metals r their salts, alchls, acetne, rganic materials, aniline, nitrmethane, flammable liquids, xidizing gases fuming nitric acid, xidizing gases acetylene, ammnia (aqueus r anhydrus), hydrgen acetylene, fulminic acid, ammnia acetic acid, aniline, chrmic acid, hydrcyanic acid, hydrgen sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases silver, mercury acetic anhydride, bismuth and its allys, alchl, paper, wd carbn tetrachlride, carbn dixide, water sulfuric and ther acids glycerin, ethylene glycl, benzaldehyde, sulfuric acid acetylene, xalic acid, tartaric acid, ammnium cmpunds carbn tetrachlride, carbn dixide, water 18

23 Sdium perxide ethyl r methyl alchl, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbn disulfide, glycerin, ethylene glycl, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, furfural Sulfuric acid ptassium chlrate, ptassium perchlrate, ptassium permanganate (r cmpunds with similar light metals, such as sdium, lithium, etc.) (frm Manufacturing Chemists' Assciatin, Guide fr Safety in the Chemical Labratry, pp ) 19

24 13.0 Shck Sensitive Chemicals Shck sensitive refers t the susceptibility f the chemical t rapidly decmpse r explde when struck, vibrated r therwise agitated. Sme chemicals becme increasingly shck sensitive with age. Write the date received and date pened n all cntainers f shck sensitive chemicals. Unless an inhibitr was added by the manufacturer, unpened cntainers f shck sensitive materials shuld be discarded after 1 year. Open cntainers f shck sensitive materials shuld be discarded within 6 mnths f pening. The label and SDS will indicate if a chemical is shck sensitive. The fllwing are examples f materials which shuld be cnsidered shck sensitive: Call the DEHS at x8475 fr safety precautins. * aluminum phrite explsive * mnnitrtluene * amatl * nitrated carbhydrate * ammnal * nitrated glucside * ammnium nitrate * nitrated plyhydric alchl * ammnium perchlrate * nitrgen trichlride * ammnium picrate * nitrgn tri-idide * ammnium salt lattice * nitrglycerin * butyl tetryl * nitrglycide * calcium nitrate * nitrglycl * cpper acetylide * nitrguanidine * cyanuric trazide * nitrparaffins * cycltrimethylenetrinitramine * nitrnium perchlrate * cycltetramethylene- * nitrurea tranitramine * rganic amine nitrates * dinitrethyleneurea * rganic nitramines * dinitrglycerine * rganic perxides * dinitrphenl * picramic acid * dinitrphenlates * picramide * dinitrphenyl hydrazine * picratl * dinitrtluene * picric acid * dipicryl sulfne * picryl chlride * dipicrylamine * picryl fluride * erythritl tetranitrate * plynitr aliphatic * fulminate f mercury cmpunds * fulminate f silver * ptassium nitramin- * fulminating gld tetrazle * fulminating mercury * silver acetylide * fulminating platinum * silver azide 20

25 * fulminating silver * silver styphnate * gelatinized nitrcellulse * silver tetrazene * germane * guanyl nitrsamin guanyl- * sudatl tetrazene * sdium amatl * guanyl nitrsamin- * sdium dinitr-rthguanylidene hydrazine creslate * heavy metal azides * sdium nitrate-ptassium * hexanite explsive mixtures * hexanitrdiphenylamine * sdium picramate * hexgen * tetrazene * hydrazinium nitrate * tetranitrcarbazle * hydrazic acid * tetrytl * lead azide * trimnite * lead mannite * trinitranisle * lead mnnitrresrcinate * trinitrbenzene * lead picrate * trinitrbenzic acid * lead salts * trinitrcresl * lead styphnate * trinitr-meta-cresl * trimethyllethane * trinitrnaphthalene * magnesium phrite * trinitrphenetl * mannitl hexanitrate * trinitrphlrglucinl * mercury xalate * trinitrresrcinl * methyl and ethyl azides * tritnal * urea nitrate 21

26 14.0 Slvents Many f the cmmnly used slvents are vlatile and are readily absrbed thrugh the skin. Mst are flammable. Slvents shuld be used within an perating fume hd r in a well ventilated area. Flammable liquids are mre hazardus at elevated temperatures due t mre rapid vaprizatin. Electrically grund and bnd cntainers using apprved methds befre transferring r dispensing a flammable liquid frm a large cntainer r drum. Purchase nly the amunt necessary fr immediate use. Use apprved flammable liquid cntainers and strage cabinets. Keep flammable liquids frm heat, flame, and direct sunlight. D nt stre flammable liquids near xidizing agents such as chrmic acid, permanganates, chlrates r perchlrates. Avid skin cntact and inhalatin f slvents. Use assigned persnal prtective equipment. D nt dispse f slvents dwn sinks r drains. Use with adequate ventilatin r in a fume hd. Cmmn slvents that are relatively txic include: Armatic hydrcarbns, especially benzene Esters f acetic r ther rganic acids Glycls, glycl esters and glycl ethers Halgenated hydrcarbns Methyl alchl (Methanl) Nitrgenus bases such as amines Carbn disulfide The label and SDS will indicate any special hazards invlving a slvent. Fr additinal infrmatin cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. 22

27 15.0 Cmpressed Gases Carefully read the label befre using r string cmpressed gas. The SDS will prvide any special hazard infrmatin. University f Delaware Plicy 7-24 discusses in detail the prcedures required fr using cmpressed gases. Always use the minimum size cylinder required t perfrm the wrk. Utilize a gas cylinder supplier that will accept the cylinders back when they are n lnger needed. Cylinders f cmpressed gases must be handled as high energy surces. When string r mving a cylinder, have the cap securely in place t prtect the stem and use a gas cylinder cart. D nt expse cylinders t temperature extremes. Use an apprved regulatr that is cmpatible with the gas t be used and inspect it regularly. D nt use a regulatr adapter. Cntact the DEHS fr additinal prcedures n regulatr use and inspectin. Never ride an elevatr with a cmpressed gas cylinder. (Elevatrs are cnsidered a cnfined space.) Use suitable racks, straps, chains r stands t supprt cylinders. Cylinders f txic, flammable r reactive gases shuld be stred and used in a fume hd r gas cylinder cabinet. Use an apprved flw restrictr between the cylinder and regulatr when using flammable, xidizing r pisnus gases. Use an apprpriate cart t mve cylinders. Never bleed a cylinder cmpletely empty. Leave a slight pressure t keep cntaminants ut. Oil r grease n the high pressure side f an xygen cylinder can cause an explsin. D nt lubricate an xygen regulatr r use a fuel gas regulatr n an xygen cylinder. Always wear safety glasses and leather glves when handling cmpressed gases. 23

28 Stre flammable gases 20 feet frm all ther gases r separate by wall having fire rating f ne hur. Unknwn gas cylinders can present a very serius health hazard. Replace all wrn and damaged labels. Fr mre infrmatin cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. 24

29 16.0 Radiactive Material Only persns, prjects and facilities apprved by the Radiatin Safety Cmmittee are authrized fr the use f radiactive material r ther surces f inizing radiatin. Refer t University Plicy 7-9. Individuals interested in using radiactive material r ther surces f inizing radiatin shuld cntact the DEHS. Individuals authrized t use surces f inizing radiatin shall d s in accrdance with USNRC, State and University regulatins, plicies and prcedures. Radiactive material utilized in undergraduate and graduate teaching labratries shall be under the direct supervisin f an individual apprved by the Radiatin Safety Cmmittee. Individuals authrized t use surces f inizing radiatin will receive specific training frm their supervisr r instructr and the DEHS Bihazardus Materials Persns using bihazards in the labratry are required t fllw University Plicy 7-19, Cntrl f Bihazards in Research and Educatin. The use f certain micrrganisms and txins are restricted by the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin (CDC) and require registratin. Cntact the DEHS r visit their web site fr the list f restricted select agents. All recmbinant DNA wrk must be apprved by the University Institutinal Bisafety Cmmittee established by the Prvst. Safety precautins fr wrking with bihazardus agents are described in the publicatin, CDC/NIH Bisafety in Micrbilgical and Bimedical Labratries available frm the Gvernment Printing Office r the DEHS website. Infectius wastes generated during the use f bihazardus materials r ther labratry peratins are regulated by the State f Delaware Department f Natural Resurces and Envirnmental Cntrl and managed accrding t University Plicy 7-38, Infectius Waste Management. 25

30 18.0 Restricted Areas Facilities placarded with fllwing warning signs are restricted areas: CAUTION - BIOHAZARDS CAUTION - OSHA DESIGNATED AREA CAUTION - RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL CAUTION - RADIATION AREA CAUTION - X-RAY CAUTION - LASER A list with names and phne numbers f respnsible persnnel shuld be psted n the dr(s) t any facilities where hazardus materials are stred r utilized. Students, faculty, staff and administratrs shall nt enter a restricted area, except when accmpanied by an authrized user f the facility. Custdians are permitted t enter restricted areas t perfrm rutine tasks. Hwever, they are instructed nt t tuch labeled waste cntainers, ther research equipment r materials. Other supprt persnnel, such as University Plice and Security, Facility Management persnnel, etc., are permitted t enter restricted areas prvided the wrk t be perfrmed des nt invlve disturbing a use area within the facility, equipment r materials. Examples include: * fume hds * bilgical safety cabinets * sinks * placarded equipment * chemicals r materials n lab benches Supprt persnnel shall cntact an authrized user f the facility r the DEHS befre perfrming wrk which may invlve any f the abve items. Cntact the DEHS if emergency respnse r service is required in a restricted area. Immediately reprt any unusual cnditins t the DEHS r the University Plice, such as: * spills * leaks * cntaminatin * injury * fires Fr additinal infrmatin regarding restricted areas, cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. 26

31 19.0 Waste Dispsal All chemicals must be dispsed f in accrdance with prcedures established by the DEHS, University Plicy Cnsult the "Chemical Waste Management Guidelines Fr Handling and Dispsal f Chemical Waste", Chapter 23 f Chemical Hygiene Plan prir t dispsing f chemical waste r the chemical waste webpage at N chemicals can be dispsed f via the sanitary sewer unless pre-apprved by the DEHS. N chemicals can be dispsed f via the general slid waste stream. All waste cntainers must be accurately labeled with their cntents using the DEHS range chemical waste label. Descriptins must include chemical names (e.g. methanl, trichlracetic acid, trichlrethylene). Yu will als have t list hazard infrmatin and physical state. D nt use abbreviatins, acrnyms r trade names. If the waste stream is a mixture, list each cmpund n the label alng with the percentage f that cmpund in the waste stream. Unknwns r unlabeled cntainers are unacceptable. Examples: Organic Waste Stream Inrganic Waste Stream Methanl 5% 10% Hydrchlric Acid 12% Xylene 25% 1 Mlar Sulfuric Acid 25% Tluene 45% Water 65% Acetne 20% Chrmium 25 PPM Water 3% Selenium 40 PPM Acetnitrile 2% 5% Phsphric Acid Remainder Cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS befre dispsing f any hazardus chemical. Yur department may have additinal prcedures yu are required t fllw. Chemical waste cntainers must be clsed at all times except when adding waste t the cntainers. Waste must be cmpatible with the waste cntainer (e.g. d nt use metal cntainers t stre acids r caustics). All waste must be stred in a DEHS apprved cntainer. D nt reuse glass r plastic chemical bttles. Dispsal f radiactive material and etilgical agents/cultures requires special prcedures. Cntact the DEHS befre prceeding. Cntact the DEHS fr chemical waste labels. Cntact DEHS t schedule a chemical waste training sessin. 27

32 20.0 Chemical Spills All waste debris cllected during a spill clean-up must be packaged, labeled and dispsed f as chemical waste. Refer t chemical Waste Dispsal sectin fr mre infrmatin. General Infrmatin Anticipate spills by having the prper safety equipment n hand. There are spill kits available n the thrugh DEHS. Cnsult the chemical spill kit guidelines at Alert persnnel in the area that a spill has ccurred. D what is necessary t prtect life first. The SDS will cntain special spill clean-up infrmatin, if applicable. Cnfine the spill if pssible. If the spill is t large fr yu t handle; is a threat t persnnel, students r the public; invlves radiactive material; invlves an infectius agent; r invlves a crrsive, highly txic, r reactive chemical, call fr assistance: DEHS ext Newark Campus University Plice, ext. 911 Gergetwn, Lewes, and Wilmingtn Campuses, dial Dver, dial The DEHS is equipped t handle mst spills that can ccur at the University. If there is the slightest dubt as t hw t prceed, d nt hesitate t call fr assistance. Fr specific spill clean-up infrmatin, cntact yur supervisr, instructr, DEHS, r cnsult the Labratry Chemical Spill Clean Up Prcedures. If yu spill a highly txic material immediately cntact the University Plice: n the Newark Campus dial 911; n the Gergetwn, Lewes and Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; n the Dver Campus dial Keep thers frm entering the area until help arrives. 28

33 Lw Hazard Material Spills (Cnsult the Labratry Chemical Spill Clean Up Prcedures) N fire hazard, nt particularly vlatile, txic r crrsive (e.g. salt slutins). Wear apprpriate chemical prtective glves and splash gggles Use a dustpan and brush t clean up slid spills r spill absrbent pads fr liquid spills. Decntaminate area with water after clean-up. Place residue in a cntainer fr waste cllectin. Cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS fr dispsal infrmatin. Vlatile, Flammable r Txic Material Spills Ntify all persnnel in the area. Extinguish flames and all surces f ignitin such as brush-type mtrs. Maintain fume hd ventilatin. Vacate the area and call fr assistance. The fllwing cmpunds are very hazardus. Yu shuld nt clean them up yurself. * armatic amines * nitr cmpunds * rganic halides * brmine * carbn disulfide * ethers * hydrazine * cyanides * nitriles Acid Chlride Spills Refer t the Labratry Chemical Spill Clean Up Prcedures. Avid cntact with skin. Place residue in cntainer fr waste cllectin. Fr specific clean-up infrmatin cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. Mercury Spills Mercury can be absrbed thrugh the skin, inhaled r ingested. Mercury vaprs are drless, clrless and tasteless. D nt use a dmestic r cmmercial vacuum cleaner Cntact the DEHS t cme and clean-up. Place residue, brken equipment, glves, suctin bulbs, etc. in heavy plastic bag r cntainer fr waste cllectin. Seal cntainer and label. Call the DEHS. This will be dispsed f as hazardus waste. 29

34 Alkali Metal Spills (Li, Na, K, Rb, CS, Fv) Smther with pwdered graphite r "Met-L-X". Call University Plice: n the Newark Campus dial 911; n the Gergetwn, Lewes and Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; n the Dver Campus dial fr assistance. Fr specific clean-up infrmatin, cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. White Phsphrus Smther with wet sand r wet absrbent. Call University Plice: n the Newark Campus dial 911; n the Gergetwn, Lewes and Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; n the Dver Campus dial fr assistance. Fr specific clean-up infrmatin cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. 30

35 21.0 Injury and Illness Emplyees and students must ntify their immediate supervisr r instructr f all illnesses and injuries related t expsure t hazardus chemicals. Refer t University Plicy 7-3, Occupatinal Injuries and Illnesses. Emplyees shuld reprt t the ccupatinal health facility designated by DEHS. Cntact DEHS at ext fr the current prvider service. Students shuld reprt t the Student Health Service, Laurel Hall (ext. 2226), if medical attentin is required. Students shuld be accmpanied by a friend, teaching assistant r instructr. If transprtatin is necessary, dial the University Plice n the Newark Campus at ext. 911; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, Wilmingtn Campuses at ext ; and n the Dver Campus at ext t transprt the victim. Use lcal red phne r dial direct. D nt mve a seriusly injured persn unless they are in further danger. In cases f serius injury r illness, it is imperative that apprpriate actins be fllwed immediately. When in dubt as t what shuld be dne, telephne the University Plice n the Newark Campus ext. 911; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, Wilmingtn Campuses ext ; and n the Dver Campus ext Be prepared t give them the fllwing infrmatin: Yur name, lcatin and nature f the emergency Name f the chemical invlved The amunt invlved Area f the bdy affected Symptms Stay at the scene until emergency respnders release yu. Accident reprts must be cmpleted as sn as pssible after attending t the injured persn. Reprts n emplyees shall be sent t Labr Relatins and student reprts shall be sent t the DEHS. Accident Investigatin Reprts must als be cmpleted and sent t the DEHS. These investigatins will require the identificatin f defective cnditins and crrective actins as apprpriate. If yu have any questins regarding injury and illness prcedures, cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. Fr additinal assistance in accident reprting r investigatin, refer t the DEHS web site. 31

36 Always cntact DEHS immediately, after calling 911, when smene is expsed t a chemical. EHS will prvide guidance n decntaminatin measures and where a persn shuld be transprted. 32

37 22.0 Persnal Cntaminatin General Infrmatin D what is necessary t prtect life. Remain calm. The SDS will cntain special first aid infrmatin. D nt mve an injured persn unless they are in further danger. A blanket shuld be used fllwing decntaminatin t prtect the victim frm shck and expsure. Get medical attentin prmptly by dialing: New Castle Cunty Fire Bard: 911 n the Newark Campus and n the Wilmingtn Campus University Plice: 911 n the Newark Campus; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; n the Dver Campus dial Ambulance: 911 n the Newark Campus; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; n the Dver Campus dial Student Health Services, Newark Campus: ext Pisn Infrmatin Center: lcal r natinal Fr specific instructin regarding persnal cntaminatin, cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. Chemicals Spilled Over a Large Area f the Bdy Quickly remve all cntaminated clthing while using the safety shwer r ther available surce f water. Immediately fld the affected bdy area in tepid water fr at least 15 minutes. Call University Plice, dial 911 n the Newark Campus; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, and Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; and n the Dver Campus dial fr assistance. Wash ff chemical with water but d nt use neutralizing chemicals, unguents, creams, ltins r salves. Prvide the ambulance crew and physician with the chemical name and any ther relevant infrmatin. If pssible, send the cntainer label r the SDS with the victim. Cntact Envirnmental Health & Safety at

38 Chemicals n the Skin in Cnfined Areas Immediately flush with cld water. If there is n visible burn, remve jewelry t facilitate remval f any residual material and scrub area with warm water and sap. If a delayed reactin is nted (ften the next day), reprt immediately fr medical attentin and explain carefully what chemicals were invlved. If the incident invlves hydrfluric acid (HF), seek immediate medical attentin. Users f Hydrfluric Acid (HF) must receive specialized training frm DEHS prir t using. If there is any dubt, seek immediate medical attentin. Prvide the ambulance crew and physician with the chemical name and any ther relevant infrmatin. If pssible, send the cntainer label r the SDS with the victim. Cntact Envirnmental Health & Safety at Chemicals in the Eyes Irrigate with plenty f cl water fr at least 15 minutes. Use eyewash r ther water surce. Call University Plice, dial 911 n the Newark Campus; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, and Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; and n the Dver Campus dial fr assistance. Prvide the ambulance crew and physician with the chemical name and any ther relevant infrmatin. If pssible, send the cntainer label r the SDS with the victim. Cntact Envirnmental Health & Safety at Smke and Fumes Anyne vercme with smke r chemical fumes shuld be remved t uncntaminated air and treated fr shck. Call University Plice, dial 911 n the Newark Campus; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, and Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; and n the Dver Campus dial fr assistance. D nt enter the area if a life threatening cnditin still exists: Oxygen depletin Explsive vaprs Cyanide gas, hydrgen sulfide, nitrgen xides, Carbn mnxide If certified, fllw standard CPR prtcls. Prvide the ambulance crew and physician with the chemical name and any ther relevant infrmatin. If pssible, send the cntainer label r the SDS with the victim. 34

39 Cntact Envirnmental Health & Safety at Burning Chemicals n Clthing Extinguish burning clthing by using the drp-and-rll technique r by dusing with cld water r use safety shwer. Call University Plice, dial 911 n the Newark Campus; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, and Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; and n the Dver Campus dial fr assistance. Remve cntaminated clthing; hwever, avid further damage t the burned area. If pssible, send clthing with the victim. Remve heat with cl water r ice packs until tissue arund burn feels nrmal t the tuch. Cver injured persn t prevent shck. Prvide the ambulance crew and physician with the chemical name and any ther relevant infrmatin. If pssible, send the cntainer label r the SDS with the victim. Cntact Envirnmental Health & Safety at Ingestin f Hazardus Chemicals Identify the chemical ingested. Call an ambulance; dial 911 n the Newark Campus; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, and Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; and n the Dver Campus dial fr assistance. Call the Pisn Infrmatin Center ( lcal; natinal). Cver injured persn t prevent shck. Prvide the ambulance crew and physician with the chemical name and any ther relevant infrmatin. If pssible, send the cntainer label r the SDS with the victim. Cntact Envirnmental Health & Safety at

40 23.0 Minr First Aid First Aid Kits Departments shuld btain a first aid kit fr treatment f minr first aid cases (cuts, scratches, minr burns). Refer t University Plicy 7-4. First aid kits may be purchased frm the DEHS. First aid kits must be readily accessible. If the kit is nt visible, the area where it is stred must be clearly marked. First aid kits must be fully stcked at all times. General Infrmatin D nt dispense r administer any medicatins, including cmmn pain relievers. D nt put any intments r creams n wunds r burns. Use ice, a cld pack r cld water. Users f Hydrfluric Acid (HF) must receive specialized training frm DEHS prir t using. The SDS cntains special first aid infrmatin. The University requires nly individuals wh have been trained in first aid and Bldbrne Pathgens t prvide first aid t injured persns. Students requiring first aid are treated at Student Health Services (ext. 2226). Students shuld be accmpanied by a friend, teaching assistant r instructr. Emplyees requiring first aid shuld be treated at the ccupatinal health facility designated by DEHS. Cntact DEHS at ext fr the current prvider service. After giving first aid, direct r transprt the victim t a medical facility fr evaluatin. Call University Plice, 911 n the Newark Campus; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, and Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; and fr the Dver Campus dial fr assistance. Fr specific first aid infrmatin, cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. 36

41 24.0 Fire And Fire Related Emergencies If yu discver a fire r fire-related emergency such as abnrmal heating f material, hazardus gas leaks, hazardus material r flammable liquid spill, smke, r dr f burning, immediately fllw these prcedures: Activate the building alarm (fire pull statin). If nt available r peratinal, verbally ntify persns in the building. Ntify University Plice: ext. 911 n the Newark Campus; n the Gergetwn, Lewes, and Wilmingtn Campuses dial 9-911; and n the Dver Campus dial Use emergency phnes identified by a blue light and/r a red phne. Islate the area and evacuate the building: Shut dwn equipment in the immediate area, if pssible. Clse drs t islate the area. Use a prtable fire extinguisher t: Assist neself t evacuate Assist anther t evacuate Extinguish r cntrl a small fire, if yu are prperly trained Prvide the fire/plice teams with the details f the prblem upn their arrival. Special hazard infrmatin yu may knw is essential. If the fire alarms are ringing in yur building: Evacuate the building Mve at least 200 feet away frm the building and prceed t the emergency gathering pint G t the designated emergency gathering pint and reprt yur supervisr r ther designated individual Stay clear f driveways, sidewalks and ther access ways t the building If yu are a supervisr, try t accunt fr yur emplyees and reprt any missing persns t the emergency persnnel at the scene. Assist emergency persnnel as may be requested. D nt re-enter the building until directed t d s. Fllw any special prcedures established fr yur unit. Fr Delegatin f Authrity in Emergency Situatins refer t University Plicy

42 25.0 Industrial Txiclgy - Overview Chemical Txicity Txiclgy is the study f the nature and actin f pisns. Txicity is the ability f a chemical mlecule r cmpund t prduce injury nce it reaches a susceptible site in r n the bdy. Txicity hazard is the prbability that injury will ccur cnsidering the manner in which the substance is used. Dse-Respnse Relatinships The ptential txicity (harmful actin) inherent in a substance is manifest nly when that substance cmes in cntact with a living bilgical system. A chemical nrmally thught f as "harmless" will evke a txic respnse if added t a bilgical system in sufficient amunt. The txic ptency f a chemical is thus ultimately defined by the relatinship between the dse (the amunt) f the chemical and the respnse that is prduced in a bilgical system. Hygienic Standards The DEHS has a cmprehensive listing f published hygienic standards such as Threshld Limit Values (TLV), Permissible Expsure Limits (PEL), and ther wrks cncerning the subject f industrial txiclgy. If yu wuld like t cnduct a mre thrugh review f a particular cmpund, cntact the DEHS. The Mrris Library subscribes t an n-line cmputer based abstract service. Hazard infrmatin is available thrugh the service. Als, many manufacturers and distributrs have develped n-line hazard infrmatin fr their prducts; cntact yur sales representative fr mre infrmatin. Safety Data Sheets will list applicable standards fr the hazardus chemical r each cmpnent f a mixture. Check the reference list in this pamphlet fr selected wrks n txiclgy. Rutes f Entry int the Bdy There are fur main rutes by which hazardus chemicals enter the bdy: Absrptin thrugh the respiratry tract thrugh inhalatin. Mst imprtant in terms f severity. Absrptin thrugh the skin. Runs first in the prductin f ccupatinal disease (dermatitis). Absrptin thrugh the digestive tract. Can ccur thrugh eating r smking with cntaminated hands r in cntaminated wrk areas. 38

43 Injectin thrugh the skin by a puncture with a sharp bject like a needle/syringe r brken glass. Mst expsure standards, Threshld Limit Values (TLVs) and Permissible Expsure Limits (PELs), are based n the inhalatin rute f expsure. They are nrmally expressed in terms f either parts per millin (ppm) r milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3) cncentratin in air. If a significant rute f expsure fr a substance is thrugh skin cntact, the MSDS will have a "skin" ntatin. Examples: pesticides, carbn disulfide, carbn tetrachlride, dixane, mercury, thallium cmpunds, xylene, hydrgen cyanide. Types f Effects Acute Pisning is characterized by rapid absrptin f the substance and the expsure is sudden and severe. Nrmally, a single large expsure is invlved. Examples: carbn mnxide r cyanide pisning. Chrnic Pisning is characterized by prlnged r repeated expsures f a duratin measured in days, mnths r years. Symptms may nt be immediately apparent. Examples: lead r mercury pisning, pesticide expsure. Lcal refers t a site f actin where a chemical has made direct cntact and causes irritatin and/r damage at the site. Depending n the chemical and lcatin f cntact, effects may be immediate r delayed. Fr example, sulfuric acid that cmes in cntact with the skin will cause severe irritatin and pssible skin and tissue damage at the pint f cntact. Examples: strng acids r alkalis. Systemic refers t a site f actin ther than the pint f cntact and presuppses absrptin has taken place. Fr example, an inhaled material may act n the liver. Examples: arsenic affects the bld, nervus system, liver, kidneys and skin; benzene affects bne marrw. Cumulative Pisns are characterized by materials that tend t build up in the bdy as a result f numerus chrnic expsures. The effects are nt seen until a critical bdy burden is reached. Example: heavy metals. Substances in Cmbinatin: When tw r mre hazardus materials are present at the same time, the resulting effect can be greater than the effect predicted based n the individual substances. This is called a synergistic r ptentiating effect. Example: expsure t alchl and chlrinated slvents. Other Factrs Affecting Txicity Rate f entry and rute f expsure; that is, hw fast is the txic dse delivered and by what means. 39

44 Age can affect the capacity t repair tissue damage. Previus expsure can lead t tlerance, increased sensitivity r make n difference. State f health, physical cnditin and life style can affect the txic respnse. Pre-existing disease can result in increased sensitivity. Envirnmental factrs such as temperature and pressure. Hst factrs including genetic predispsitin and the sex f the expsed individual. 40

45 26.0 Classificatin Of Txic Materials Physical Classificatins The term gas applies t a substance which is in the gaseus state at rm temperature and pressure. A vapr is the gaseus phase f a material which is rdinarily a slid r a liquid at rm temperature and pressure. When cnsidering the txicity f gases and vaprs, the slubility f the substance is a key factr. Highly sluble materials like ammnia irritate the upper respiratry tract. On the ther hand, relatively insluble materials like nitrgen dixide penetrate deep int the lung. Fat sluble materials, like pesticides, tend t have lnger residence times in the bdy. An aersl is cmpsed f slid r liquid particles f micrscpic size dispersed in a gaseus medium. The txic ptential f an aersl is nly partially described by its cncentratin in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3). Fr a prper assessment f the txic hazard, the size f the aersl's particles is imprtant. Particles abve 1 micrmeter tend t depsit in the upper respiratry tract. Particles belw 1 micrmeter in size enter the lung. Very small particles (<0.2 um) are generally nt depsited. Physilgical Classificatins Irritants are materials that cause inflammatin f the mucus membranes they cntact. Inflammatin f tissue results frm cncentratins far belw thse needed t cause crrsin. Examples include: * ammnia * alkaline dusts and mists * halgens * hydrgen chlride * hydrgen fluride * phsgene * nitrgen dixide * arsenic trichlride * zne * phsphrus chlrides * diethyl/dimethyl sulfate Irritants can als cause changes in the mechanics f respiratin and lung functin. Examples include: * sulfur dixide * acetic acid * acrlein * frmaldehyde * frmic acid * idine * sulfuric acid Lng term expsure t irritants can result in increased mucus secretins and chrnic brnchitis. 41

46 A primary irritant exerts n systemic txic actin either because the prducts frmed n the tissue f the respiratry tract are nn-txic r because the irritant actin is far in excess f any systemic txic actin. Example: hydrgen chlride. A secndary irritant's effect n mucus membranes is vershadwed by a systemic effect resulting frm absrptin. Expsure t a secndary irritant can result in pulmnary edema, hemrrhage and tissue necrsis. Examples include: * hydrgen sulfide * armatic hydrcarbns Asphyxiants have the ability t deprive tissue f xygen. Simple asphyxiants are inert gases that displace xygen. Examples include: * nitrgen * nitrus xide * helium * carbn dixide * hydrgen Chemical asphyxiants render the bdy incapable f utilizing an adequate xygen supply. They are active at very lw cncentratins (few PPM's). Examples include: * carbn mnxide * cyanides Primary anesthetics have a depressant effect upn the central nervus system, particularly the brain. Examples include: * halgenated hydrcarbns * alchls Hepattxic agents cause damage t the liver. Examples include: * carbn tetrachlride * tetrachlrethane * nitrsamines Nephrtxic agents damage the kidneys. Examples include: * halgenated hydrcarbns * uranium cmpunds Neurtxic agents damage the nervus system. The nervus system is especially sensitive t rganmetallic cmpunds and certain sulfide cmpunds. Examples include: * triakyl tin cmpunds * tetraethyl lead * methyl mercury * carbn disulfide * manganese * thallium * rganic phsphrus insecticide 42

47 Sme txic agents act n the bld r hematpietic system. The bld cells can be directly affected r bne marrw can be damaged. Examples include: * nitrites * aniline * benzene * tluidine * nitrbenzene There are txic agents that prduce damage f the pulmnary tissue (lungs) but nt by immediate irritant actin. Fibrtic changes can be caused by free silica and asbests. Other dusts can cause a restrictive disease called pneumcnisis. Examples include: * cal dust * cttn dust * wd dust A carcingen cmmnly describes any agent that can initiate r speed the develpment f malignant r ptentially malignant tumrs, malignant neplastic prliferatin f cells, r that pssesses such material. Knwn human carcingens include: * asbests * 4-nitrbiphenyl * alpha-naphthylamine * methyl chlrmethyl ether * 3,3'-dichlrbenzidine * bis-chlrmethyl ether * vinyl chlride * inrganic arsenic * ethylene xide * 1,2-dibrm-3-chlrprpane (DBCP) * N-nitrsdimethylamine * cal tar pitch vlatiles A mutagen affects the chrmsme chains f expsed cells. The effect is hereditary and becmes part f the genetic pl passed n t future generatins. A teratgen (embrytxic r fettxic agent) is an agent which interferes with nrmal embrynic develpment withut damage t the mther r lethal effect n the fetus. Effects are nt hereditary. Examples include: * lead * dibrmdichlrprpane * tluene * benzene * ethyl tert-butyl ether * mercury A sensitizer causes a substantial prprtin f expsed peple t develp an allergic reactin in nrmal tissue after repeated expsure t the chemical. The reactin may be as mild as a rash (cntact dermatitis) r as serius as anaphylactic shck. Examples include: * epxies * tluene diiscyanate * latex * nickel cmpunds * chrmium cmpunds * pisn ivy * chlrinated hydrcarbns 43

48 27.0 Target Organ Effects The fllwing is a target rgan categrizatin f effects which may ccur, including examples f signs and symptms and chemicals which have been fund t cause such effects. * hepattxics causes liver damage signs and symptms jaundice; liver enlargement example chemicals carbn tetrachlride, nitrsamines, chlrfrm, tluene, perchlr-ethylene, cresl, dimethylsulfate * nephrtxics prduce kidney damage signs and symptms edema; prteinuria example chemicals halgenated hydrcarbns, uranium, chlrfrm, mercury, dimethylsulfate * neurtxins affect the nervus system signs and symptms narcsis; behaviral changes; decreased muscle crdinatin example chemicals mercury, carbn disulfide, benzene, carbn tetrachlride, lead, mercury, nitrbenzene * hematpietic agents decreased bld functins signs and symptms cyansis; lss f cnsciusness example chemicals carbn mnxide, cyanides, nitr-benzene, aniline, arsenic, benzene, tluene * pulmnary agents irritate r damage the lungs signs and symptms cugh; tightness in chest, shrtness f breath example chemicals silica, asbests, zne, hydrgen sulfide, chrmium, nickel, alchls * reprductive txins affect the reprductive system (mutatins and teratgenesis) signs and symptms birth defects; sterility example chemicals lead, dibrmdichlrprpane * skin hazards affect the dermal layer f the bdy signs and symptms defatting f skin; rashes; irritatin example chemicals ketnes, chlrinated cmpunds, alchls, nickel, phenl, trichlrethylene * eye hazards affect the eye r visin signs and symptms cnjunctivitis; crneal damage example chemicals rganic slvents, acids, cresl, quinne, hydrquinne, benzyl chlride, butyl alchl, bases 44

49 28.0 Reprductive Hazards Materials with undesirable reprductive effects can affect bth men and wmen. Fr example, mutagens and teratgens are substances that may affect the embry, fetus r the expsed persn in a manner, which prduces cancer r disease. As lng as there is a ptential fr cnceptin, the student/emplyee shuld cnsider the reprductive effects f the materials with which they are rutinely in cntact. A wrker r student in the research envirnment shuld cnsider tw principal issues. The first cncern is t identify ptential hazards that they may be expsed t in their research setting. The secnd issue invlves the adaptatin f the wrk rutine t minimize r eliminate these hazards. The mst cmmn hazard ptential in many labs is expsure t chemicals. The individual shuld becme familiar with the ptential dangers f the chemicals fund and used within the lab. This infrmatin can be fund n the Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) available in each lab r thrugh the Department f Envirnmental Health and Safety. In the labratry, begin minimizing expsure ptential thrugh implementatin f prudent lab practices t prevent skin cntaminatin r inhalatin. Whenever pssible, cnduct prcesses in a chemical fume hd and wear prper prtective glves t reduce expsure ptential. Fr wrk that can nt be cnducted in the chemical fume hd and a mutagen r teratgen is invlved, cntact yur supervisr and DEHS fr a jb hazard analysis. In additin, individuals shuld cnsult with cwrkers in the lab regarding their use f ptentially harmful chemicals. Additinal safety measures shuld include: Review each use f reprductive hazards with research supervisr, the Department Chemical Hygiene Officer and the Department f Envirnmental Health and Safety (DEHS). Label the cntainers as fllws: REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD: READ SPECIFIC PROCDURES FOR USE. Stre these substances in unbreakable cntainers r unbreakable secndary cntainers in well-ventilated areas. Guard against spills and splashes. Ensure the engineering cntrls are perating prperly befre initiating wrk. Ntify yur supervisr r the Department Chemical Hygiene Officer and the Department f Envirnmental Health and Safety f all incidents f expsure r spills. The DEHS department will arrange fr a medical cnsultatin if necessary. 45

50 Sme cmmn chemicals that are knwn r are highly suspected t be reprductive hazards: acrylic acid amitrle tert-amyl methyl ether benmyl benzene N-butyl acrylate N-butyl mercaptan carbn mnxide chlrfrm -chlrprene 2-chlrprpinic acid carbaryl 1-chlr-2-prpanl 2-chlr-1-prpanl 1,3-dixlane dibutyl phthalate diglycidyl ether N,N-dimethylacetamide dinitrtluene ethidium brmide ethyl tert-butyl ether ethylene xide 2-ethxyethanl 2-ethxyethyl acetate 2-ethylhexanic acid halthane hexafluracetne lead lead arsenate lead chrmate manganese mercury 2-methxy ethanl 2-methxyethyl acetate methyl tert-butyl ether methyl chlride nitrus xide phenylphsphine 1,3,5-triglycidyl-striazinetrine vinyl cyclhexene dixide 4-vinyl cyclhexene Fr mre infrmatin, cntact the Department f Envirnmental Health and Safety x8475 r 46

51 29.0 Safety Data Sheets (SDS s) A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is a dcument cntaining the chemical hazard and safe handling infrmatin pertaining t a specific chemical r cmpund and is prepared in accrdance with the OSHA Hazard Cmmunicatin Standard. Chemical manufacturers and distributrs must prvide the purchasers f hazardus chemicals in Delaware with an apprpriate SDS fr each hazardus chemical purchased. If an SDS was nt prvided with the shipment f a hazardus chemical, the University must request ne in writing frm the manufacturer r distributr in a timely manner. The University must assure the SDS's n file are current. Upn request, the University must make SDS's available t emplyees r their designated representatives and/r students. DEHS, General Services Building, Rm 132, 222 S. Chapel Street (ext. 8475), is the central repsitry fr SDS s. T receive an SDS, cntact yur supervisr, instructr r call the DEHS. DEHS has purchased a subscriptin t an nline SDS prvider. Yu can access this service frm DEHS main webpage at Sectin I f the SDS lists infrmatin identifying the manufacturer and the prduct. Manufacturer's name, address and telephne number Number t call in case f emergency Chemical name and synnyms Trade name and synnyms Chemical family and frmula CAS Number (Chemical Abstract Service) fr pure materials If yur wrk requires an understanding f this chemical infrmatin, cntact yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. Sectin II describes the varius hazardus ingredients cntained in the prduct, the percentages, and expsure limits when apprpriate. Pigments, catalysts, vehicle, slvents, additives, thers Base metal, allys, metallic catings, fillers Hazardus mixtures f ther liquids, slids r gases CAS# f cmpnents 47

52 All hazardus chemicals which cmprise 1% r greater f the mixture will be identified. Sectin III describes the hazard infrmatin, ptential health effects and carcingenic status. Sectin IV describes the first aid measures fr treating an expsure. Sectin V describes the fire and explsin hazard data fr the material. Based n the flash pint and ther fire and explsin data, the apprpriate extinguishing agent fr fires invlving the material will be listed. Special prcedures may als be listed. Flash pint Lwer and upper explsive limits (LEL/UEL) Extinguishing agent - water, dry chemical, fam, haln, etc. Special fire fighting prcedures Unusual fire and explsin hazards, txic fumes Sectin VI gives instructins t be taken in case f an accidental release r spill. The steps nrmally include infrmatin n cntainment, evacuatin prcedures and any special ntificatin requirements. The statements n the MSDS are general; mre specific infrmatin is available frm yur supervisr, instructr r the DEHS. Sectin VII describes handling and strage prcedures t be taken with the material. Infrmatin may include statements such as keep cntainer clsed; stre in a cl, dry, well ventilated area; keep refrigerated; avid expsure t sunlight; etc. Sectin VIII describes the prtective equipment and expsure cntrls fr the individual wh might have t wrk with the substance. This sectin nrmally describes wrst case cnditins; therefre, the extent t which persnal prtective equipment is required is task dependent. Cntact yur supervisr r instructr fr instructins. Respiratry equipment: dust mask, chemical cartridge respiratr, Self-cntained breathing apparatus Ventilatin: lcal, general, special Prtective glves: type Eye prtectin Other prtective equipment Sectin IX describes the physical prperties f the material. * biling pint * specific gravity * vapr pressure * percent vlatile * vapr density * evapratin rate * slubility in water * appearance and dr 48

53 Sectin X describes reactivity data; that is, the material's ability t react and release energy r heat under certain cnditins r when it cmes in cntact with certain substances. Stability: stable, unstable, cnditins t avid Incmpatibility: materials t avid Hazardus decmpsitin prducts Hazardus plymerizatins: cnditins t avid Sectin XI describes the knwn health hazard data, txiclgical infrmatin and expsure limits fr the material. Symptms r the health effects f an verexpsure are listed. This infrmatin will help the user and medical persnnel recgnize if an verexpsure has ccurred. Threshld limit value Effects f verexpsure: headache, nausea, narcsis, irritatin, weakness, etc. Primary rutes f expsure: inhalatin, skin, ingestin Cancer r ther special health hazards Emergency and first aid prcedures: ingestin, inhalatin, skin cntact, eye cntact Sectin XII describes eclgical infrmatin. Sectin XIII describes dispsal infrmatin. Sectin XIV describes transprt infrmatin: e.g., DOT shipping name, hazard class, etc. Sectin XV describes regulatry infrmatin, Txic Substances Cntrl Act (TSCA) infrmatin, Cmprehensive Envirnmental Respnsibility Cmpensatin Liability Act (CERCLA) infrmatin, and Superfund Amendments and Reauthrizatin Act (SARA) infrmatin. Sectin XVI describes any special precautins r miscellaneus infrmatin regarding the material. In sme cases, manufacturers may chse t withhld certain infrmatin n a SDS prvided the infrmatin is a trade secret. Hwever, the SDS must still cntain all relevant hazard, prtectin and health infrmatin. Sme SDSs may nt cntain all 16 sectins r the infrmatin may be in a slightly different rder. Hwever, the basic infrmatin described abve must be prvided. Sme SDSs are mre cmplete than thers. D nt assume everything yu need t knw is cntained n the SDS. Always try t cnsult tw different SDS s. 49

54 ACETONE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet (REVIEW) Chemwatch 1090 Issue Date: 26-Mar-2007 Revisin N: 2 HAZARD ALERT CODE HIGH CD 2007/2 Sectin 1 CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME: ACETONE STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OHSA 29 CFR NFPA 1 HEALTH HAZARD INSTABILITY 3 FLAMMABILITY 0 SUPPLIER ChemWatch Pty Ltd r Tll Free chemwatch@chemwatch.net HAZARD RATINGS Min Max Flammability: 3 Min/Nil = 0 Txicity: 2 Lw = 1 Bdy Cntact: 2 Mderate = 2 High = 3 Reactivity: 1 Extreme - 4 Chrnic: 2 PRODUCT USE Slvent fr fats, ils, waxes, resins, rubber, plastics, lacquers. Used in manufacture f methyl isbutyl ketne, mesityl xide, acetic acid, diacetne alchl, isprene. Used in slvent extractin prcesses. Slvent in the manufacture f explsives and rayn. Cmpnent f adhesives, glues, cleaning slvents, lacquer thinners, nail plish, paint remvers. String acetylene gas (takes up abut 24 times its vlume f the gas). Purifying paraffin and bimedical hardening and dehydrating tissues. Minr fd additive, permitted in USA. 50

55 SYNONYMS C3-H6-O, CH3COCH3, prpanne, "pyracetic acid", "pyracetic ether", 2- prpanne, 2-prpanne, beta-ketprpane, "methyl ketne", prpan-2-ne, prpan-2-ne, "dimethyl ketne", "ketne, dimethyl ketne prpane", "dimethyl frmaldehyde", "RF Services", "RCRA Waste N. U002", EM000739, "APS RETL ", UCH , RDEH , SPOL , AR , UL , M&B , "Ashland Acetne ECD", "Mbil ", , J.T.Baker, Chem-Supply Sectin 2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS EMERGENCY OVERVIEW RISK Irritating t eyes. HARMFUL - May cause lung damage if swallwed. Highly flammable. Repeated expsure may cause skin dryness and cracking. Vaprs may cause dizziness r suffcatin. Cumulative effects may result fllwing expsure*. Inhalatin, skin cntact and/r ingestin may prduce health damage*. May prduce discmfrt f the respiratry system and skin*. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS SWALLOWED Accidental ingestin f the material may be damaging t the health f the individual. EYE Evidence exists, r practical experience predicts, that the material may cause severe eye irritatin in a substantial number f individuals and/r may prduce significant cular lesins which are present twenty-fur hurs r mre after instillatin int the eye(s) f experimental animals. Eye cntact may cause significant inflammatin with pain. Crneal injury may ccur; permanent impairment f visin may result unless treatment 51

56 is prmpt and adequate. Repeated r prlnged expsure t irritants may cause inflammatin characterized by a temprary redness (similar t windburn) f the cnjunctiva (cnjunctivitis); temprary impairment f visin and/r ther transient eye damage/ ulceratin may ccur. The liquid may prduce eye discmfrt and is capable f causing temprary impairment f visin and/r transient eye inflammatin, ulceratin. SKIN Skin cntact with the material may damage the health f the individual; systemic effects may result fllwing absrptin. The material may prduce mild skin irritatin; limited evidence r practical experience suggests, that the material either prduces mild inflammatin f the skin in a substantial number f individuals fllwing direct cntact, and/r prduces significant, but mild, inflammatin when applied t the healthy intact skin f animals (fr up t fur hurs), such inflammatin being present twenty-fur hurs r mre after the end f the expsure perid. Skin irritatin may als be present after prlnged r repeated expsure; this may result in a frm f cntact dermatitis (nn allergic). The dermatitis is ften characterized by skin redness (erythema) and swelling (edema) which may prgress t blistering (vesiculatin), scaling and thickening f the epidermis. At the micrscpic level there may be intercellular edema f the spngy layer f the skin (spngisis) and intracellular edema f the epidermis. Entry int the bld-stream, thrugh, fr example, cuts, abrasins r lesins, may prduce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prir t the use f the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably prtected. The material may cause skin irritatin after prlnged r repeated expsure and may prduce a cntact dermatitis (nnallergic). This frm f dermatitis is ften characterized by skin redness (erythema) and swelling epidermis. Histlgically there may be intercellular edema f the spngy layer (spngisis) and intracellular edema f the epidermis. INHALED Inhalatin may prduce health damage*. Inhalatin f vaprs r aersls (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the curse f nrmal handling, may be damaging t the health f the individual. Limited evidence r practical experience suggests that the material may prduce irritatin f the respiratry system, in a significant number f individuals, fllwing inhalatin. In cntrast t mst rgans, the lung is able t respnd t a chemical insult by first remving r neutralizing the irritant and then repairing the damage. The repair prcess, which initially evlved t prtect mammalian lungs frm freign matter and antigens, may hwever, prduce further lung damage resulting in the impairment f gas exchange, the primary functin f the lungs. Respiratry tract irritatin ften results in an inflammatry respnse invlving the 52

57 recruitment and activatin f many cell types, mainly derived frm the vascular system. Inhalatin f vaprs may cause drwsiness and dizziness. This may be accmpanied by narcsis, reduced alertness, lss f reflexes, lack f crdinatin and vertig. Expsure t ketne vaprs may prduce nse, thrat and mucus membrane irritatin. High cncentratins f vapr may prduce central nervus system depressin characterized by headache, vertig, lss f crdinatin, narcsis and cardirespiratry failure. Sme ketnes prduce neurlgical disrders (plyneurpathy) characterized by bilateral symmetrical paresthesia and muscle weakness primarily in the legs and arms. Systemic effects f acetne inhalatin expsure include central nervus system depressin, lightheadedness, incherent speech, ataxia, stupr, hyptensin, tachycardia, metablic acidsis, hyperglycemia and ketsis. Rarely, cnvulsins and tubular necrsis may be evident. Other symptms f expsure may include restlessness, headache, vmiting, lw bldpressure and rapid and irregular pulse, eye and thrat irritatin, weakness f the legs and dizziness. Inhalatin f high cncentratins may prduce dryness f the muth and thrat, nausea, uncrdinated mvement, lss f crdinated speech, drwsiness and, in severe cases, cma. Inhalatin f acetne vaprs ver lng perids causes irritatin f the respiratry tract, cughing and headache. Rats expsed t ppm vapr fr 1 hur shwed clear signs f narcsis; fatalities ccurred at ppm. CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS Limited evidence suggests that repeated r lng-term ccupatinal expsure may prduce cumulative health effects invlving rgans r bichemical systems. Wrkers expsed t 700 ppm acetne fr 3 hurs/day fr 7-15 years shwed inflammatin f the respiratry tract, stmach and dudenum, attacks f giddiness and lss f strength. Expsure t acetne may enhance liver txicity f chlrinated slvents. Sectin 3 COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS NAME CAS RN % Acetne Sectin 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES SWALLOWED Fr advice, cntact a Pisns Infrmatin Centre r a dctr at nce. Urgent hspital treatment is likely t be needed. If swallwed d NOT induce vmiting. If vmiting ccurs, lean patient frward r place n left side (head-dwn psitin, if pssible) t maintain pen airway and prevent aspiratin. Observe the patient 53

58 carefully. Never give liquid t a persn shwing signs f being sleepy r with reduced awareness; i.e. becming uncnscius. Give water t rinse ut muth, then prvide liquid slwly and as much as casualty can cmfrtably drink. Transprt t hspital r dctr withut delay. EYE If this prduct cmes in cntact with the eyes: Wash ut immediately with fresh running water. Ensure cmplete irrigatin f the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away frm eye and mving the eyelids by ccasinally lifting the upper and lwer lids. If pain persists r recurs seek medical attentin. Remval f cntact lenses after an eye injury shuld nly be undertaken by skilled persnnel. SKIN If skin cntact ccurs: Immediately remve all cntaminated clthing, including ftwear. Flush skin and hair with running water (and sap if available). Seek medical attentin in event f irritatin. INHALED If fumes r cmbustin prducts are inhaled remve frm cntaminated area. Lay patient dwn. Keep warm and rested. Prstheses such as false teeth, which may blck airway, shuld be remved, where pssible, prir t initiating first aid prcedures. Apply artificial respiratin if nt breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitatr, bag-valve mask device, r pcket mask as trained. Perfrm CPR if necessary. Transprt t hspital, r dctr. NOTES TO PHYSICIAN Any material aspirated during vmiting may prduce lung injury. Therefre emesis shuld nt be induced mechanically r pharmaclgically. Mechanical means shuld be used if it is cnsidered necessary t evacuate the stmach cntents; these include gastric lavage after endtracheal intubatin. If spntaneus vmiting has ccurred after ingestin, the patient shuld be mnitred fr difficult breathing, as adverse effects f aspiratin int the lungs may be delayed up t 48 hurs. Fr acute r shrt term repeated expsures t acetne: Symptms f acetne expsure apprximate ethanl intxicatin. Abut 20% is expired by the lungs and the rest is metablized. Alvelar air half-life is abut 4 hurs fllwing tw hur inhalatin at levels near the Expsure Standard; in verdse, saturable metablism and limited clearance, prlng the eliminatin half-life t hurs. There are n knwn antidtes and treatment shuld invlve the usual methds f decntaminatin fllwed by supprtive care. [Ellenhrn and Barcelux: Medical Txiclgy] Management: Measurement f 54

59 serum and urine acetne cncentratins may be useful t mnitr the severity f ingestin r inhalatin. Inhalatin Management: Maintain a clear airway, give humidified xygen and ventilate if necessary. If respiratry irritatin ccurs, assess respiratry functin and, if necessary, perfrm chest X-rays t check fr chemical pneumnitis. Cnsider the use f sterids t reduce the inflammatry respnse. Treat pulmnary edema with PEEP r CPAP ventilatin. Dermal Management: Remve any remaining cntaminated clthing, place in duble sealed, clear bags, label and stre in secure area away frm patients and staff. Irrigate with cpius amunts f water. An emllient may be required. Eye Management: Irrigate thrughly with running water r saline fr 15 minutes. Stain with flurescein and refer t an phthalmlgist if there is any uptake f the stain. Oral Management: N GASTRIC LAVAGE OR EMETIC. Encurage ral fluids. Systemic Management: Mnitr bld glucse and arterial ph. Ventilate if respiratry depressin ccurs. If patient uncnscius, mnitr renal functin. Symptmatic and supprtive care. The Chemical Incident Management Handbk: Guy's and St. Thmas' Hspital Trust, 2000 BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEX These represent the determinants bserved in specimens cllected frm a healthy wrker expsed at the Expsure Standard (ES r TLV): Determinant Sampling Time Index Cmments Acetne in urine End f shift 50 mg/l Nn-specific determinant; als bserved after expsure t ther material. 55

60 Sectin 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES Flash Pint ( F): 1.4 Lwer Explsive Limit (%): 2.6 Upper Explsive Limit (%): 12.8 Autignitin Temp ( F): 869 EXTINGUISHING MEDIA Alchl stable fam. Dry chemical pwder. BCF (where regulatins permit). Carbn dixide. Water spray r fg - Large fires nly. FIRE FIGHTING Alert Fire Brigade and tell them lcatin and nature f hazard. May be vilently r explsively reactive. Wear breathing apparatus plus prtective glves. Prevent, by any means available, spillage frm entering drains r water curse. Cnsider evacuatin (r prtect in place). Fight fire frm a safe distance, with adequate cver. If safe, switch ff electrical equipment until vapr fire hazard remved. Use water delivered as a fine spray t cntrl the fire and cl adjacent area. Avid spraying water nt liquid pls. D nt apprach cntainers suspected t be ht. Cl fire expsed cntainers with water spray frm a prtected lcatin. If safe t d s, remve cntainers frm path f fire. GENERAL FIRE HAZARDS/HAZARDOUS COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS Liquid and vapr are highly flammable. Severe fire hazard when expsed t heat, flame and/r xidizers. Vapr may travel a cnsiderable distance t surce f ignitin. Heating may cause expansin r decmpsitin leading t vilent rupture f cntainers. On cmbustin, may emit txic fumes f carbn mnxide (CO). Cmbustin prducts include: carbn dixide (CO2), ther pyrlysis prducts typical f burning rganic material. FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY Avid cntaminatin with xidizing agents i.e. nitrates, xidizing acids, chlrine bleaches, pl chlrine etc. as ignitin may result. 56

61 PERSONAL PROTECTION Glasses: Chemical gggles. Glves: 1.BUTYL/NEOPRENE 2.PE/EVAL/PE Respiratr: Type AX Filter f sufficient capacity Sectin 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES MINOR SPILLS Remve all ignitin surces. Clean up all spills immediately. Avid breathing vapurs and cntact with skin and eyes. Cntrl persnal cntact by using prtective equipment. Cntain and absrb small quantities with vermiculite r ther absrbent material. Wipe up. Cllect residues in a flammable waste cntainer. MAJOR SPILLS Clear area f persnnel and mve upwind. Alert Fire Brigade and tell them lcatin and nature f hazard. May be vilently r explsively reactive. Wear breathing apparatus plus prtective glves. Prevent, by any means available, spillage frm entering drains r water curse. Cnsider evacuatin (r prtect in place). N smking, naked lights r ignitin surces. Increase ventilatin. Stp leak if safe t d s. Water spray r fg may be used t disperse /absrb vapr. Cntain spill with sand, earth r vermiculite. Use nly spark-free shvels and explsin prf equipment. Cllect recverable prduct int labeled cntainers fr recycling. Absrb remaining prduct with sand, earth r vermiculite. Cllect slid residues and seal in labeled drums fr dispsal. Wash area and prevent runff int drains. If cntaminatin f drains r waterways ccurs, advise emergency services. ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS (AEGL) (in ppm) AEGL 1: The airbrne cncentratin f a substance abve which it is predicted that the general ppulatin, including susceptible individuals, culd experience ntable discmfrt, irritatin, r certain asymptmatic nnsensry effects. Hwever, the effects are nt disabling and are transient and reversible upn cessatin f expsure. AEGL 2: The airbrne cncentratin f a substance 57

62 abve which it is predicted that the general ppulatin, including susceptible individuals, culd experience irreversible r ther serius, lng-lasting adverse health effects r an impaired ability t escape. AEGL 3: The airbrne cncentratin f a substance abve which it is predicted that the general ppulatin, including susceptible individuals, culd experience life-threatening health effects r death. SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS + X X X X + X: Must nt be stred tgether O: May be stred tgether with specific preventins +: May be stred tgether Sectin 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING Avid all persnal cntact, including inhalatin. Wear prtective clthing when risk f expsure ccurs. Use in a well-ventilated area. Prevent cncentratin in hllws and sumps. DO NOT enter cnfined spaces until atmsphere has been checked. Avid smking, naked lights, heat r ignitin surces. When handling, DO NOT eat, drink r smke. Vapr may ignite n pumping r puring due t static electricity. DO NOT use plastic buckets. Earth and secure metal cntainers when dispensing r puring prduct. Use spark-free tls when handling. Avid cntact with incmpatible materials. Keep cntainers securely sealed. Avid physical damage t cntainers. Always wash hands with sap and water after handling. Wrk clthes shuld be laundered separately. Use gd ccupatinal wrk practice. Observe manufacturer's string and handling recmmendatins. Atmsphere shuld be regularly checked against established expsure standards t ensure safe wrking cnditins. DO NOT allw clthing wet with material t stay in cntact with skin. RECOMMENDED STORAGE METHODS Packing as supplied by manufacturer. Plastic cntainers may nly be used if apprved fr flammable liquid. 58

63 Check that cntainers are clearly labeled and free frm leaks. Where cmbinatin packages are used, and the inner packages are f glass, there must be sufficient inert cushining material in cntact with inner and uter packages In additin, where inner packaging is glass and cntain liquids f packing grup I there must be sufficient inert absrbent t absrb any spillage, unless the uter packaging is a clse fitting mlded plastic bx and the substances are nt incmpatible with the plastic. STORAGE REQUIREMENTS Stre in riginal cntainers in apprved flame-prf area. N smking, naked lights, heat r ignitin surces. DO NOT stre in pits, depressins, basements r areas where vaprs may be trapped. Keep cntainers securely sealed. Stre away frm incmpatible materials in a cl, dry well ventilated area. Prtect cntainers against physical damage and check regularly fr leaks. Observe manufacturer's string and handling recmmendatins. Sectin 8 - EXPOSURE / PERSONAL PROTECTION EXPOSURE CONTROLS SOURCE US - Minnesta Permissible Expsure Limits (PELs) Canada British Clumbia Occupatinal Expsure Limits US - Hawaii Air Cntaminant Limits US OSHA Permissible Expsure Levels (PELs) - Table Z1 US NIOSH Recmmended Expsure Limits (RELs) US ACGIH Threshld Limit Values (TLV) MATERIAL TWA (ppm) TWA mg/m³ STEL ppm STEL mg/m³ acetne acetne acetne acetne acetne acetne

64 NOTES Values marked LEL indicate that the IDLH was based n 10% f the lwer explsive limit fr safety cnsideratins even thugh the relevant txiclgical data indicated that irreversible health effects r impairment f escape existed nly at higher cncentratins. PERSONAL PROTECTION Cnsult yur EHS staff fr recmmendatins EYE Safety glasses with side shields. Chemical gggles Cntact lenses may pse a special hazard; sft cntact lenses may absrb and cncentrate irritants. A written plicy dcument, describing the wearing f lens r restrictins n use, shuld be created fr each wrkplace r task. This shuld include a review f lens absrptin and adsrptin fr the class f chemicals in use and an accunt f injury experience. Medical and first-aid persnnel shuld be trained in their remval and suitable equipment shuld be readily available. In the event f chemical expsure, begin eye irrigatin immediately and remve cntact lens as sn as practicable. Lens shuld be remved at the first signs f eye redness r irritatin - lens shuld be remved in a clean envirnment nly after wrkers have washed hands thrughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59] OTHER Overalls. PVC Aprn. PVC prtective suit may be required if expsure severe. Eyewash unit. Ensure there is ready access t a safety shwer. GLOVE SELECTION INDEX Glve selectin is based n a mdified presentatin f the: "Frsberg Clthing Perfrmance Index". 60

65 The effect(s) f the fllwing substance(s) are taken int accunt in the cmputer-generated selectin: acetne Prtective Material CPI * BUTYL/NEOPRENE PE/EVAL/PE PVDC/PE/PVDC BUTYL SARANEX-23 2-PLY TEFLON SARANEX-23 CPE HYPALON NITRILE+PVC PVA VITON/NEOPRENE NEOPRENE PVC NATURAL+NEOPRENE NATURAL RUBBER NITRILE Rating A A A A B B C C C C C C C C C C C * CPI - Chemwatch Perfrmance Index A: Best Selectin B: Satisfactry; may degrade after 4 hurs cntinuus immersin C: Pr t Dangerus Chice fr ther than shrt term immersin NOTE: As a series f factrs will influence the actual perfrmance f the glve, a final selectin must be based n detailed bservatin. * Where the glve is t be used n a shrt term, casual r infrequent basis, factrs such as "feel" r cnvenience (e.g. dispsability), may dictate a chice f glves which might therwise be unsuitable fllwing lng-term r frequent use. A qualified practitiner shuld be cnsulted. ENGINEERING CONTROLS Fr flammable liquids and flammable gases, lcal exhaust ventilatin r a prcess enclsure ventilatin system may be required. Ventilatin equipment shuld be explsin-resistant. Air cntaminants generated in the wrkplace pssess varying "escape" velcities which, in turn, determine the "capture velcities" f fresh circulating air required t effectively remve the cntaminant. 61

66 Type f Cntaminant slvent, vaprs, degreasing etc., evaprating frm tank (in still air). aersls, fumes frm puring peratins, intermittent cntainer filling, lw speed cnveyer transfers, welding, spray drift, plating acid fumes, pickling (released at lw velcity int zne f active generatin) direct spray, spray painting in shallw bths, drum filling, cnveyer lading, crusher dusts, gas discharge (active generatin int zne f rapid air mtin) Within each range the apprpriate value depends n: 1: Rm air currents minimal r favrable t capture 2: Cntaminants f lw txicity r f nuisance value nly. Air Speed m/s ( f/min.) m/s ( f/min.) m/s ( f/min.) Lwer end f the range Upper end f the range 1: Disturbing rm air currents capture 2: Cntaminants f high txicity 3: Intermittent, lw prductin. 3: High prductin, heavy use 4: Large hd r large air mass in mtin 4: Small hd-lcal cntrl nly Simple thery shws that air velcity falls rapidly with distance away frm the pening f a simple extractin pipe. Velcity generally decreases with the square f distance frm the extractin pint (in simple cases). Therefre the air speed at the extractin pint shuld be adjusted, accrdingly, after reference t distance frm the cntaminating surce. The air velcity at the extractin fan, fr example, shuld be a minimum f 1-2 m/s ( f/min.) fr extractin f slvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant frm the extractin pint. Other mechanical cnsideratins, prducing perfrmance deficits within the extractin apparatus, make it essential that theretical air velcities are multiplied by factrs f 10 r mre when extractin systems are installed r used. Sectin 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Liquid. Mixes with water Mlecular Weight: Melting Range ( F): Biling Range ( F): Specific Gravity (water=1): 20 C 62

67 Slubility in water (g/l): Miscible ph (1% slutin): Nt applicable Vlatile Cmpnent (%vl): 100 Relative Vapr Density (air=1): 2.0 Lwer Explsive Limit (%): 2.6 Autignitin Temp ( F): 869 State: Liquid VOC(regulatry): ph (as supplied): Nt applicable Vapr Pressure (mmhg): 20 C Evapratin Rate: 11 BuAc=1 VFast Flash Pint ( F): 1.4 Upper Explsive Limit (%): 12.8 Decmpsitin Temp ( F): Nt Available Viscsity: Nt Available VOC(actual): APPEARANCE Clear, clrless, highly vlatile, highly flammable liquid with characteristic sweet dr; mixes with water. Mixes in alchl, ether, mst hydrcarbns and ils. Sectin 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY Prduct is cnsidered stable under nrmal handling cnditins. Stable under nrmal strage cnditins. Hazardus plymerizatin will nt ccur. STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY Avid reactin with xidising agents. Acetne reacts vilently with brmfrm and chlrfrm in the presence f alkalies r in cntact with alkaline surfaces. Sectin 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION TOXICITY AND IRRITATION Oral (man) TDL: 2857 mg/kg Eye (human):500 ppm - irritant Oral (rat) LD50: 5800 mg/kg Eye (rabbit): 3.95 mg - SEVERE Inhalatin (human) TCL: 500 ppm Eye (rabbit): 20mg/24hr -mderate Inhalatin (man) TCL: ppm/4 hr Skin (rabbit):395mg (pen) - mild Inhalatin (man) TCL: 10 mg/m³/6 hr Skin (rabbit): 500 mg/24hr - mild Inhalatin (rat) LC50: mg/m³/8 hr Dermal (rabbit) LD50: mg/kg CARCINOGEN ACGIH: acetne: A4 63

68 Sectin 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Fish LC50 (96hr.) (mg/l): Daphnia magna EC50 (48hr.) (mg/l): 10 lg Kw (Prager 1995): lg Kw (Sangster 1997): lg Pw (Verschueren 1983): BOD5: 122% ThOD: 72 Half- life Sil - High (hurs): 168 Half- life Sil - Lw (hurs): 24 Half- life Air - High (hurs): 2790 Half- life Air - Lw (hurs): 279 Half- life Surface water - High (hurs): 168 Half- life Surface water - Lw (hurs): 24 Half- life Grund water - High (hurs): 336 Half- life Grund water - Lw (hurs): 48 Aqueus bidegradatin - Aerbic - High (hurs): 168 Aqueus bidegradatin - Aerbic - Lw (hurs): 24 Aqueus bidegradatin - Anaerbic - High (hurs): 672 Aqueus bidegradatin - Anaerbic - Lw (hurs): 96 Aqueus bidegradatin - Remval secndary treatment - High (hurs): 75% Aqueus bidegradatin - Remval secndary treatment - Lw (hurs): 54% Aqueus phtlysis half- life - High (hurs): 270 Phtxidatin half- life water - High (hurs): 3.97E+06 Phtxidatin half- life water - Lw (hurs): 9.92E+04 Phtxidatin half- life air - High (hurs): 2790 Phtxidatin half- life air - Lw (hurs): 279 DO NOT discharge int sewer r waterways. lg Kw: Half-life (hr) air: Half-life (hr) H2O surface water: 20 Henry's atm m³ /ml: 3.67E-05 BOD 5 if unstated: ,46-55% COD: ThOD: 2.2 BCF: 0.69 Txicity Fish: LC50(96) mg/L Txicity invertebrate: cell mult. inhib mg/L Biaccumulatin: nt sig Nitrif. inhib.: 75% decr. at 840mg/L Anaerbic effects: sig degrad Degradatin Bilgical: sig prcesses Abitic: Rxn OH*,phtdissc In air, acetne is lst by phtlysis and reactin with phtchemically prduced hydrxyl radicals; the estimated half-life f these cmbined prcesses is abut 22 days. The relatively lng half-life allws acetne 64

69 t be transprted lng distances frm its emissin surce. Acetne is highly sluble and slightly persistent in water, with a half-life f abut 20 hurs; it is minimally txic t aquatic life. Acetne released t sil vlatilises althugh sme may leach int the grund where it rapidly bidegrades. Acetne des nt cncentrate in the fd chain. Drinking Water Standard: nne available. Sil Guidelines: nne available. Air Quality Standards: nne available. Sectin 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS US EPA Waste Number & Descriptins A. General Prduct Infrmatin Ignitability characteristic: use EPA hazardus waste number D001 (waste cde I) B. Cmpnent Waste Numbers When acetne is present as a slid waste as a discarded cmmercial chemical prduct, ff-specificatin species, as a cntainer residue, r a spill residue, use EPA waste number U002 (waste cde I). Dispsal Instructins All waste must be handled in accrdance with lcal, state and federal regulatins. Recycle wherever pssible. Cnsult manufacturer fr recycling ptins r cnsult Waste Management Authrity fr dispsal if n suitable treatment r dispsal facility can be identified. Dispse f by: Burial in a licensed land-fill r Incineratin in a licensed apparatus (after admixture with suitable cmbustible material) Decntaminate empty cntainers. Observe all label safeguards until cntainers are cleaned and destryed. Sectin 14 TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION Dangerus Gds Class: 3 Subrisk: Nne UN Number: 1090 Packing Grup: II 65