Diagnosing Eco-hydro-meteorological Phenomena Using Isotopic Signature of Waters above and below the Land Surface

Transcription

1 No.2 Diagnosing co-hydro-meteorological Phenomena Using Isotopic Signature of Waters aboe and below the Land Surface * Tsutomu Yamanaka signature = + T δ = δ + T δ T T / ( δ δ ) ( δ δ ) = / T * 4

2 No.2 Craig-Gordon Craig and Gordon, 1965 Q = Q + Q Q δ = Q δ + Q δ (1/ α eq )(10 δ = K 3 δ + 1) h s 1 h * * (10 3 δ 1) K eq s h* T 10 cm T Yakir and Wang1996 CO2 Keeling PlotKeeling, 1958, 1961 Keeling plot Q 3 Q Q ( 1 ) δ δ = a / + Q a = Q (δ δ ) Q δ δ Keeling plot 1 Keeling plot He and Smith, δ ( ) δ 1/Q (kg/kg) 1 Keeling plot 5

3 No.2 Ventilated thermometer & hygrometer Upper inlet Inlet Cryogenic trapping Glass trap Air pump l T/ LAI Lower inlet Dewar flask Liq. N 2 Moist air flow Dry air flow 2 2 ; Yamanaka et al., 2006, T/ LAI LAI T/ LAI>3 T/ 1 LAI 1 T/ 0.7 RnG Keeling plot 2 km, D 1 m Keeling plot 3 3 A 1 m 30 m Fraction T/ = 0.891LAI (r 2 = 0.864) l/(rn-g) = 0.625LAI (r 2 = 0.964) LAI 3 LAI T/ l/(rng) (Yamanaka et al., 2006) Y (km) Sakura rier Joban Highway Joban Line Lake Kasumigaura δd ( ) wind speed (m/s) X (km) 4 D 6

4 No ; CraigGordon δd ( o /oo) June Soil water, irrigated water and lake water Lake eaporation y = -0.72x (r 2 =0.996) y = -0.35x (r 2 =0.882) C A /Q (kg/kg) 5 Keeling plot (Shimizu and Yamanaka, 2006) F D A' B 3: : Shimizu and Yamanaka, Keeling plot 7 Y (km) wind speed (m/s) M δ D ( ) L -100 J Kanto Plain Tokyo Bay A X (km) 6 D H K Pacific Ocean Dawson and hleringer Keeling plot Dawson, 1993Flanagan et al

5 No.2 Smith et al δ 18 O ( o /oo) Soil water 10cm -10 Soil water 20cm Soil water 40cm Soil water 80cm -12 Groundwater P. densiflora Q. myrsinaefolia Understory Jun 2-Jul 2-Aug 2-Sep 3-Oct Yamanaka et al., , cm 1.3 m Pinus densiflora Quercus myrsinaefolia 1020 cm 9 9, cm, 2006,

6 No.2 Silertown, 2004 (2005) :., 6, Craig, H. and Gordon, L.I. (1965) : Deuterium and oxygen 18 ariations in the ocean and the marine atmosphere. In: Tongiorgi,. (d.), Stable Isotopes in Oceanographic Studies and Paleotemperatures, Spoleto, Italy, Dawson, T.. (1993) : Water sources of plants as determined from xylem-water isotopic composition: perspecties on plant competition, distribution, and water relations. In: hleringer, J.R., Hall, A.., Farquhar, G.D. (ds), Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon-Water Relations. Academic Press, San Diego, Dawson, T.. and hleringer, J.R. (1991) : Streamside trees that do not use stream water. Nature, 350, Flanagan, L.B., hleringer J.R., and Marshall, (2004) :., 5, (2005) :., 18, (2005) :., 6, 3-9. (2004) :.. (2006) :.. J.D. (1992) : Differential uptake of summer precipitation among co-occurring trees and shrubs in a pinyon-juniper woodland. Plant Cell n., 15, He, H., and Smith, R.B. (1999) : Stable isotope composition of water apor in the atmospheric boundary layer aboe the forests of New ngland. J. Geophys. Res., 104, Keeling, C.D. (1958) : The concentration and isotopic abundance of atmospheric carbon dioxide in rural areas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 13, Keeling, C.D. (1961) : The concentration and isotopic abundance of carbon dioxide in rural and marine air. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 9

7 No.2 24, Shimizu, R. and Yamanaka, T. (2006) : Diagnosis of sources and mixing of atmospheric moisture using its isotopic signature: a case in the icinity of a lake. Geophys. Res. Lett., submitted. Silertown, J., Plant coexistence and the niche. Trends col. ol., 19, Smith, D.M., Jaris, P.G., Odongo, J.C.W., Sources of water used by trees and millet in Sahelian windbreak systems. J. Hydrol., 198, Yakir, D., Wang, X.-F., Fluxes of CO2 and water between terrestrial egetation and the atmosphere estimated from isotope measurements. Nature, 380, Yamanaka, T., S. Iizuka, and T. Tanaka (2004) : An isotope-ecohydrological study on water use strategy of plants in a suburban secondary forest. OS Trans. AGU, 85 (28), West. Pac. Geophys. Meet. Suppl., Abstract B12A-05. Yamanaka, T., Tsunakawa, A., and Smith, R.B. (2006) : Isotopic signature of eapotranspiration flux and its use for partitioning eaporation/transpiration components. J. Meteor. Soc. Jpn., submitted. 10