A meta-analysis of water vapor deuterium-excess in the mid-latitude atmospheric surface layer

Transcription

1 Auxiliary Material for Paper 211GB4246 A meta-analysis of water vapor deuterium-excess in the mid-latitude atmospheric surface layer Lisa Welp Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, 95 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA , USA (lwelp@ucsd.edu) Xuhui Lee School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China Timothy Griffis Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, USA Xue-Fa Wen, Shenggong Li, Xiaomin Sun, and Zhongmin Hu Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Wei Xiao Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China Maria Val Martin Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Jianping Huang Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China I. M. System Group, Environmental Modeling Center, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA Introduction: This auxiliary material contains supporting figures and tables described below GB4246-fs1.pdf Figure S1. Afternoon mean dv versus afternoon mean water vapor mixing ratio

2 in the summer GB4246-fs2.pdf Figure S2. Profiles of the d-excess of water vapor in a PBL simulated with the isotopic large-eddy simulation model (ISOLES) GB4246-ts1.pdf Table S1. Monthly mean observations at each site GB4246-ts2.pdf Table S2. dv versus h correlations relative to buoy temperatures GB4246-ts3.pdf Table S3. The contribution of the non-linearity of the delta-notation to the diurnal amplitude of dv.

3 Figure S1: Afternoon (12:-18: local time) mean d v versus afternoon mean water vapor mixing ratio in the summer (June August). Fit statistics summarized in Table 2. 4 New Haven 5 Borden 5 Rosemount d v ( ) Beijing 3 Duolun 2 Luancheng d v ( ) H 2 O (mmol/mol) H 2 O (mmol/mol) H 2 O (mmol/mol)

4 Figure S2: Profiles of the d of water vapor in a PBL simulated with the isotopic large-eddy simulation model (ISOLES). The evolution of the PBL was forced by a time-varying solar radiation, a prescribed initial specific humidity profile in the early morning [Lee et al., 212] and initial profiles of 18 O/ 16 O and D/H ratios according to the observed relationships between these ratios and specific humidity [Wen et al., 21]. The d of the surface water vapor flux was held at a constant equal to the initial surface layer d v value. The geostrophic was 5 m s -1 and the surface roughness was.5 m : 8: 1: 12: 14: 16: 2 altitude (m) d v ( )

5 Table S1: Monthly mean observations at each site. Italics indicate partial coverage of that month. Units: H 2 O (mmol/mol), δ 18 O ( ), δd ( ), d v ( ), Temp ( C), h (%), PPT (precipitation amount, mm). New Haven Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Borden May Jun Jul Aug Rosemount Jun Jul Aug Sep Beijing Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

6 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Duolun Jun Jul Aug Sep Luangcheng Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

7 Beijing Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Duolun Jun Jul Aug Sep Luangcheng Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

8 Table S2: d v versus h correlations relative to buoy temperatures. Local relative humidity was adjusted to either the water temperature or air temperature just above the water in Long Island Sound for the case of New Haven, or Lake Ontario for the case of Borden. No time lags were used between the time of isotope observation and the buoy measurements. The afternoon slopes for d v versus h were then recalculated. New Haven slope ( /%) r h local h relative to water temp h relative to air temp above water Borden Forest slope ( /%) r h local h relative to water temp h relative to air temp above water

9 Table S3: The contribution of the non-linearity of the delta-notation to the diurnal amplitude of d v. Here we compare the diurnal amplitudes calculated using the more rigorous lambda-notation and show that the errors using the delta-notation are 11% or less. Site δ-notation amplitude ( ) λ-notation amplitude ( ) error (%) New Haven Borden Rosemount Beijing Duolun Luancheng