Journal of Crop Nutrition Science ISSN: (Print) (Online) Vol. 3, No. 2,

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1 Journl of Crop Nutrition Science ISSN: (Print) (Online) Vol. 3, No. 2, 17 OPEN ACCESS Agro-Physiologicl Trits of Potto (Solnum tuerosum L. cv. Agri) Affected Different Rte of Zeolite nd Triple Super Phosphte Hmid Mdni 1*, Msoud Gomrin 1, Seid Rsol Mohmmdi Hosseini 2 1- Deprtment of Agronomy, Ark Brnch, Islmic Azd University, Ark, Irn. 2- Agri-Jhd Orgniztion, Centrl Province, Ark, Irn. RESEARCH ARTICLE ARTICLE INFO. Received Dte: 28 Mr. 17 Received in revised form: 31 My. 17 Accepted Dte: 19 Jun. 17 Aville online: 3 Jun IAUAHZ Pulisher All Rights Reserved. To Cite This Article: Hmid Mdni, Msoud Gomrin, Seid Rsol Mohmmdi Hosseini. Agro-Physiologicl Trits of Potto (Solnum tuerosum L. cv. Agri) Affected Different Rte of Zeolite nd Triple Super Phosphte. J. Crop. Nut. Sci., 3(2): 65-72, 17. ABSTRACT The ppliction of zeolite to soils increses ction exchnge cpcity, nd s increses nutrient retention cpcity. Imlnced nutrient mngement is one of the resons responsile for low yield of potto in Irn. This study ws crried out in reserch field of Islmic Azd University; Ark Brnch t centrl of Irn to evlute effect of zeolite prticles nd phosphorus fertilizer on gro-physiologicl trits of potto vi fctoril rrngement sed on rndomized complete lock design with three replictions in 11. The fctors included four concentrtion of zeolite prticles (, 2, 4 nd 6 t.h -1 ) nd three level of triple super phosphte fertilizer (75, 15 nd 225 kg.h -1 ). Result of nlysis of vrince indicted effect of different rte of zeolite on ll mesured trits (insted tuer dry weight) ws significnt, lso chemicl phosphorus tretment cn ffected the men tuer weight, iomss yield nd tuer dry weight significntly. Interction effect of tretments on men tuer weight nd iomss yield ws significnt t 5% proility level. The numer of stem per plnt, men tuer weight, tuer phosphorus concentrtion, tuer yield nd iomss yield generlly improved y increse zeolite rtes. Men of tuer weight, iomss yield nd tuer dry weight incresed linerly with incresing phosphorus fertilizer rte from 75 to 15 kg.h -1, the trends of chnges in men of mentioned trits were reduced y high mount of triple super phosphte ppliction (25 kg.h -1 ) significntly. Finlly ccording result of this reserch the highest iomss yield (58 t.h -1 ) ws chieved y use of 6. t.h -1 zeolite nd 15 kg.h -1 triple super phosphtes, therefore, with lower consumption of phosphte fertilizer (up to 225 kg.h -1 ) it cn e sved fertilizer without ny significnt reduction in yield. Keywords: Biomss yield, Phosphorus, Tuer dry weight. *Corresponding Author: Hmid Mdni h-mdni@iu.rk-c.ir

2 Mdni et l, Agro-Physiologicl Trits of Potto (Solnum tuerosum L. cv. Agri) 66 INTRODUCTION Potto is one of the most importnt nd widely cultivted industril crops of Irn. However, low use of fertilizers nd imlnced nutrient mngement re some of the resons responsile for low yield of potto in Irn. The potto crop requires lnced dose of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potssium (K) nd micronutrients for optimum growth nd rech to mximum yield (Ghnnd et l., 14). Phosphorus is one of the most importnt mcronutrient tht limiting crop plnts in most Irnin soils. It is criticl element to provide cellulr energy nd energy trnsfer, photosynthesis, respirtion, phospholipids nd sugrs iosynthesis in some crop plnts (Mrschner nd Mrschner, 12). Phosphorus fertilizers re usully pplied to ll potto fields in Irn. However, little recent reserch informtion is ville regrding responses of potto to phosphorus fertilizer under Ark conditions. Reduce the chemicl fertilizers or improve fertilizer use efficiency nominted y Diz nd Rosenerg (8) s the most importnt gol of griculturl systems. Decrese phosphorus ppliction lso, ws s key ims in crop production in recent yers (Powlson et l., 8) ecuse of phosphorus fertilizers contins severe mount of hevy metl such s cdmium nd rsenic (specilly non stndrd fertilizer), tht too dngerous for humn helth. Achieving sustinle griculture long with incresing griculturl product nd providing community helth is min gol of griculturl reserchers. The use of zeolite clinoptilolite in griculturl lnds due to incresed ction exchnge cpcity of the soil nd its high tendency to sor nd mintin mmonium cn ply n importnt role in reducing soil nutrient wshing, especilly nitrogen (Mumpton, 1999). Zeolite is prticle with huge surfce exchnge re tht is well for nutrient dsorption y plnt root systems (Rmesh et l., 11). Some studied reveled tht the zeolite ppliction in soils is lmost new mngement technique for NPK vilility nd durtion in irrigted frms (Dechss et l., 3). Zeolites lso re one of the gretest ctionic interchngers tht their ctionic interchnge cpcity is more thn other types of minerls found in soils. The ppliction of zeolites to soils increses ction exchnge cpcity, nd s increses nutrient retention cpcity (Ming nd Boettinger 1, Eroglu et l., 17). Hung nd Petrovic (1994) reported tht the ppliction of zeolites to soil reduces the leching of nitrtes. In ddition, zeolite cts s slow relese fertilizer, giving the plnt ccess to wter nd nutrients for more times, which results in significnt sving in wter use nd reducing the mount of fertilizer to e pplied (Ming nd Boettinger 1), thus helping to decrese the mount of wter used per crop nd the contmintion of quifers due to overuse of chemicl fertilizers. The relted studies indicted effects of zeolite on high exchnge ility phosphorus nd reducing pollution lod of nutritionl elements (Ahmed et l., ). Pickering et l. (2) reported the zeolite hd significnt effect on sorption of phosphorus from phosphte rock y sunflower nd its indicted importnce of zeolite. Ghnnd et l. (14) reported the highest tuer yield ws otined from the plnts treted with six tons per hectre of zeolite. Also significnt increse ws otined in strch content y treted with 6 tons zeolite per hectre. A similr trend ws otined for nutrient content in the tuers. Finlly it cn e concluded tht the nutrient demnd of potto plnts could e supplied y integrtion of chemicl fer-

3 Journl of Crop Nutrition Science, 3(2): 65-72, June tilizers with zeolite s it ws the est fctor in this study nd present new wy for decresing the chemicl inputs s gol of sustinle griculture. This reserch ws conducted to investigte the effect of zeolite prticles nd phosphorus fertilizer on gro-physiologicl trits of potto in Ark region. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field nd tretments informtion This study ws crried out in reserch field of Islmic Azd University; Ark Brnch (49 42' E, 34 5' N nd 1757 m ove the se level) t centrl of Irn to evlute effect of zeolite prticles nd phosphorus fertilizer on grophysiologicl trits of potto (Solnum tuerosum L. cv. Agri) vi fctoril rrngement sed on rndomized complete lock design with three replictions in 11. The fctors included four concentrtion of zeolite prticles (Z 1 :, Z 2 : 2, Z 3 : 4 nd Z 4 : 6 t.h -1 ) nd three level of triple super phosphte fertilizer (P 1 : 75, P 2 : 15 nd P 3 : 225 kg.h -1 ). The soil chrcteristics of studied field were inserted in tle 1. Tle 1. Soil properties of studied field Soil depth (cm) -3 Acidity (ph) 7.7 EC (ds.m -1 ) 1.11 Orgnic cron (%).87 Phosphorus (ppm). potssium (ppm) 2 Nitrogen (ppm) 9 Zinc (ppm).6 Soil texture Silty cly lom Frm mngement The experimentl site ws prepred using conventionl method so field ws plowed in 1 st of June 11, in the fllow lnds re. Potto mother tuers were plnted in th of June y 6.6 plnts per squre meter density. Fertilizer ws dding in -3 cm soil depth t sowing time (5 th June) so efore plnting kg.h -1 potssium sulftes (5% K) ws dded s usul in potto production field (in -3 cm soil depth t sowing time 5 th June). Ure (45.5 % N) 4 kg.h -1 ws pplied fter complete emergence nd the other hlf ws dded 3 dys lter. Zeolite nd triple super were dding in soil t sowing time ccording to the tretment of fertilizer ppliction. Plnt densities were 66 plnts per hectre. Field irrigtion ws done with using Siphon. The irrigtion round ws selected every seven dys. Weeds nd pest control were followed s in commercil fields of potto production. Hrvesting ws done when mturity ws ttined. Trits mesure At hrvest time ll dt were collected from ech pot; numer of stem per plnt, tuer yield, men of tuer weight, hrvest index, iomss yield nd tuer phosphorus content. To determine the phosphorus concentrtion in the Tuers the smples were nlyzed y Murphy nd Riley (1962). Sttisticl nlysis Anlysis of vrince ws done vi SAS softwre (Ver.8) nd mens were compred y the lest significnt different (LSD) test t 5% proility level. RESULT Numer of stem per plnt Numer of stem per plnt ws significntly ffected y different rte of Zeolite t 1% proility level, ut effect of different rte of triple super phosphte nd interction effect of tretments ws not significnt (Tle 2). Men comprison result showed in different rte of Zeolite the mximum numer of stem per plnt (22) ws oserved in Z 4 nd the lowest one (11) ws found in Z 1 tretments.

4 Mdni et l, Agro-Physiologicl Trits of Potto (Solnum tuerosum L. cv. Agri) 68 Tle 2. Anlysis of vrince of mesured trits ffected zeolite nd phosphorus tretments Numer Men Tuer Tuer Hrvest Biomss S.O.V df of stem tuer phosphorus yield index yield per plnt weight content Tuer dry weight Repliction 2 * * * * * * * Zeolite (Z) 3 ** * * * * ** ns Phosphorus (P) 2 ns ns * ns * ns ** Z*P 6 ns ns * ns * ns ns CV(%) ns, * nd ** re non-significnt nd significnt t 5 nd 1% proility levels, respectively. Evlution different rte of zeolite indicted incresing trend in tretments of Z 2 (54.54%), Z 3 (72.72%) nd Z 4 (%) respectively compred to Z 1 tretment (Fig. 1). Mdni et l. (9) nd Zellem et l. (9) hve pointed similr results in this regrd. Numer of stem per plnt d c Fig 1. Effect of different rte of zeolite (Z 1 =, Z 2 =2, Z 3 =4 nd Z 4 =6 t.h -1 soil ppliction) on numer of stem per plnt vi LSD test t 5% proility level. Tuer yield Assessment result of nlysis of vrince indicted effect of different rte of Zeolite on tuer yield ws significnt t 5% proility level, ut effect of different rte of triple super phosphte nd interction effect of tretments ws not significnt (Tle 2). According men comprison result of different rte of Zeolite the minimum tuer yield (34 t.h -1 ) ws noted for Z 1 nd the mximum of tht (45 t.h -1 ) elonged to Z 4 tretments. Sme numer of stem per plnt trit, Zeolite ppliction (Z 2, Z 3 nd Z 4 ) incresed tuer yield y 4.42%, 12.3% nd 3.48% respectively compred to Z 1 tretment (Fig. 2). Tuer yield (t.h -1 ) Fig 2. Effect of different rte of zeolite (Z 1 =, Z 2 =2, Z 3 =4 nd Z 4 =6 t.h -1 soil ppliction) on tuer yield vi LSD test t 5% proility level. Plenet et l. () reported tht phosphorus incresed totl tuer yield nd yield of undersized tuers i.e. less thn 85 gr, ut decresed the lrge-sized tuers i.e. greter thn 285 gr, severl reports indicte tht phosphorus hs the infective interference in potto crop nd iomss ccumultion (Mdni et l., 9; Shrmil et l., 6). Men tuer weight According result of nlysis of vrince the effect of different rte of Zeolite, triple super phosphte nd interction effect of tretments on men tuer weight ws significnt t 5% proility level (Tle 2). Men comprison result reveled tht the mximum nd minimum mount of men tuer weight etween different rte of Zeolite elonged to Z 4 (96 gr) nd Z 2 (71 gr), respectively (Fig. 3).

5 Journl of Crop Nutrition Science, 3(2): 65-72, June Men tuer weight (gr) Fig 3. Effect of different rte of zeolite (Z 1 =, Z 2 =2, Z 3 =4 nd Z 4 =6 t.h -1 soil ppliction) on men tuer weight vi LSD test t 5% proility level. Also compre different rte of triple super phosphte indicted tht mximum men tuer weight (9 gr) ws oserved for P 2 nd minimum of tht (77 gr) ws for P 1 tretment (Fig. 4). Assessment interction effect of tretment showed mximum men tuer weight (5 gr) ws otined for Z 4 P 2 nd minimum of tht (63 gr) ws for Z 2 P 1 (Fig. 5). This result ws ccordnce with finding of Ghnnd et l. (14). Men tuer weight (gr) P1 P2 P3 Different rte of triple super phosphte Fig 4. Effect of different rte of triple super phosphte (P 1 : 75, P 2 : 15 nd P 3 : 225 kg.h -1 ) on men tuer weight vi LSD test t 5% proility level. Hrvest index According to result of nlysis of vrince different rte of Zeolite hd significnt effect on hrvest index t 5% proility level ut effect of different rte of triple super phosphte nd interction effect of tretments ws not significnt (Tle 2). Compre different rte of Zeolite reveled mximum mount of hrvest index (84%) elonged to Z 4 tretment nd there ws not significnt etween nother levels of Zeolite tretments (Fig. 6). Khodmi Asiyeh et l. (17) reported sme result. Men tuer weight (gr) e g h c f f e d P1 P2 P3 Fig 5. Interction effect of different rte of zeolite (Z 1 =, Z 2 =2, Z 3 =4 nd Z 4 =6 t.h -1 soil ppliction) nd triple super phosphte (P 1 : 75, P 2 : 15 nd P 3 : 225 kg.h -1 ) on men tuer weight vi LSD test t 5% proility level. Biomss yield Result of nlysis of vrince showed effect of different rte of Zeolite, triple super phosphte nd interction effect of tretments on iomss yield ws significnt t 5% proility level (Tle 2). Evlution men comprison result of different rte of Zeolite indicted the mximum iomss yield (54 t.h -1 ) ws noted for Z 4 tretment; there ws no significnt difference etween the other levels (Fig. 7). Also compre different rte of triple super phosphte reveled tht mximum iomss yield (58 t.h -1 ) ws oserved for P 2 tretment; there ws no significnt difference etween the other levels (Fig. 8). According result of men comprison of interction effect of tretments mximum iomss yield (59 t.h -1 ) ws otined for Z 4 P 2 nd minimum of tht (42 t.h -1 ) ws for Z 1 P 3 (Fig. 9).

6 Mdni et l, Agro-Physiologicl Trits of Potto (Solnum tuerosum L. cv. Agri) 7 Hrvest index (%) Biomss yield (t.h -1 ) P1 P2 P3 Different rte of triple super phosphte Fig 6. Effect of different rte of zeolite (Z 1 =, Z 2 =2, Z 3 =4 nd Z 4 =6 t.h -1 soil ppliction) on hrvest index vi LSD test t 5% proility level. Aghlikhni et l. (12) nd Shrmil et l. (6) confirmed mentioned result. Tuer phosphorus content Evlution result of nlysis of vrince reveled effect of different rte of Zeolite on tuer phosphorus content ws significnt t 1% proility level, ut effect of different rte of triple super phosphte nd interction effect of tretments did not hve significnt effect on mentioned trit (Tle 2). Biomss yield (t.h -1 ) Fig 7. Effect of different rte of zeolite (Z 1 =, Z 2 =2, Z 3 =4 nd Z 4 =6 t.h -1 soil ppliction) on iomss yield vi LSD test t 5% proility level. Men comprison result of different rte of Zeolite showed tht the mximum nd the minimum mount of tuer phosphorus content elonged to Z 4 (.17%) nd Z 1 (.13%) (Fig. ). Fig 8. Effect of different rte of triple super phosphte (P 1 : 75, P 2 : 15 nd P 3 : 225 kg.h -1 ) on iomss yield vi LSD test t 5% proility level. This result ws ccordnce with finding of Ghnnd et l. (14). Tuer dry weight According to result of nlysis of vrince different rte of triple super phosphte hd significnt effect on tuer dry weight t 5% proility level ut effect of different rte of Zeolite nd interction effect of tretments ws not significnt (Tle 2). Compre the highest vlue of tuer dry weight ws elonged to the P 2 tretment (22.8%) ut there ws no significnt difference etween the other levels (Fig. 11). Ims nd Bnsl (1999) nd Mdni et l. (9) reported sme result. Biomss yield (t.h -1 ) c d c e c c d e f P1 P2 P3 Fig 9. Interction effect of different rte of zeolite (Z 1 =, Z 2 =2, Z 3 =4 nd Z 4 =6 t.h -1 soil ppliction) nd triple super phosphte (P 1 : 75, P 2 : 15 nd P 3 : 225 kg.h -1 ) on iomss yield vi LSD test t 5% proility level.

7 Journl of Crop Nutrition Science, 3(2): 65-72, June DISCUSSION Appliction zeolite tretments significntly influenced on ll mesured trits in current study (insted tuer dry weight). Phosphorus ccumultion in potto tuers incresed from.13 to.17% y zeolite ppliction (2, 4 nd t.h -1 ). So, it seems the ville phosphorus in soil incresed with Zeolite levels. High mounts of zeolite ppliction (6 t.h -1 ) in soil could significntly increse the iomss yield (54 t.h -1 ) nd tuer yield (45 t.h -1 ). In ddition, zeolite tretments ffected the hrvest index from 75 to 84% (p <.5). Phosphorus fertiliztion rtes hd significnt effects on men of tuer weight, iomss yield nd tuer dry weight in potto. Tuer phosphorus content (%) Fig. Effect of different rte of zeolite (Z 1 =, Z 2 =2, Z 3 =4 nd Z 4 =6 t.h -1 soil ppliction) on tuer phosphorus content vi LSD test t 5% proility level. In current study incresing the phosphorus rtes from to 15 kg.h -1 cuse s increse men of tuer weight, iomss yield nd tuer dry weight prmeters nd in the more phosphorus ppliction mount from 15 to 225 kg.h -1 triple super phosphte cn t increses the rhythms of potto responses to more phosphorus vilility. In this regrd Ghnnd et l. (14) reported ppliction of 6 t.h -1 zeolite led to mximum ccumulte of phosphorus (32.44 %) in potto tuer. Tuer dry weight (%) P1 P2 P3 Different rte of triple super phosphte Fig 11. Effect of different rte of triple super phosphte (P 1 : 75, P 2 : 15 nd P 3 : 225 kg.h -1 ) on tuer dry weight vi LSD test t 5% proility level. CONCLUSION Finlly ccording result of this reserch highest iomss yield (58 t.h -1 ) ws chieved y use of 6. t.h -1 zeolite nd 15 kg.h -1 triple super phosphtes, therefore, with lower consumption of phosphte fertilizer (up to 225 kg.h -1 ) it cn e sved fertilizer without ny significnt reduction in yield. REFERENCES Aghlikhni, M., M. Gholmhoseini, A. Doltdin, A. Khodei-Joghn. nd K. S. Asiln. 12. Zeolite influences on nitrte leching, nitrogen use efficiency, yield nd yield components of cnol in sndy soil. J. Archiv. Agron. Soil Sci. 58: Ahmed, O. H., N. Mjid. nd N. Muhmd.. Use of zeolite in mize (Ze mys L.) cultivtion on nitrogen, potssium, nd phosphorus uptke nd use efficiency. Intl. J. Physicl Sci. 5(15): Diz, R. J. nd R. Rosenerg. 8. Spreding ded zones nd consequences for mrine ecosystems. Wshington Sci. J. 321(5891): Dechss, N., M. K. Schenk, N. Clssen. nd B. Steingroe. 3. Phosphorus efficiency of cge, crrot nd potto. J. Plnt nd Soil. 25:

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