Will aged Biochars continue to reduce N 2 O emissions?
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1 Will ged Biochrs continue to reduce N 2 O emissions? C. Kmmnn 1, C. Finke 1, A. Lim, 2 T. Clough 3, S. Tsi 2, W. Teixeir 4, G. Brker 5 & C. Müller 1 1-University Gießen, Germny; 2-CENA University So Polo, Brzil; 3-Lincoln University, New Zelnd; Emrp Solos, Rio de Jneiro, Brzil Explortion of long-term nlogs in spce nd time for the continued sfe use of iochr in soils M. Schröder Siegerländer Huerg (wikipedi) B. Glser B. Glser 73. ANS-Symposium, 2. Septemer 212 Kmmnn et l. 1
2 Gefährliche Schmelze m Nordpol: Arktiseis zur Hälfte verschwunden nur noch 3.37 Mio km² ANS-Symposiuml 2. Septemer 212 Kmmnn et l. 2
3 Surplus N glol prolem from Gllowy et l. 28 Bouwmn, 1998 (Science) 73. ANS-Symposium, 2. Septemer 212 Kmmnn et l. 3
4 GHG fluxes: typicl ehvior of fresh iochr soil CO 2 efflux (µg CO 2 kg -1 h -1 ) CH 4 flux (ng CH 4 kg -1 h -1 ) A CO 2 efflux c d Biochr ddition (g/ C 1 CHg) 4 fluxes CO N 2 O emission (ng N 2 O kg -1 h eq. flux (µg CO 2 kg -1 h -1 ) ) B N 2 O emission c d e Biochr D ddition GHG: CO (g/ 1 g) 2 -equivlents c d Results: PhD cnd. Ghulm Hider Biochr ddition (g/ 1 g) Biochr ddition (g/ 1 g) Kmmnn et l. 211 (Plnt & Soil); Kmmnn et l. 212 (JEQ); Augustenorg et l. 212 (JEQ) 73. ANS-Symposium, 2. Septemer 212 Biochr ddition (%) Kmmnn et l. 4
5 N retention? Plnt growth fter leching Brley iomss (g),7,6,5,4,3,2 * no N ddition +Nitrte +Ammonium +Ure +Amino Acids * * MSc cnd. Nicole Messerschmidt,1, soil control + BC pure 73. ANS-Symposiuml 2. Septemer 212 soil control + BC N-lod. + BC pure soil control + BC N-lod. + BC pure soil control + BC N-lod. + BC pure soil control + BC N-lod. + BC pure Kmmnn et l. 6
6 Biochr-composting: ccelerted geing Wht does fresh iochr do? Wht exctly is iochr geing? BC-Composting experiment Delint Institute, CH, H.-P. Schmidt) 8 Temperture efore nd fter dily compost turnover (= ertion) 73. ANS-Symposium, 2. Septemer 212 Temperture inside ( C) * * * * * * * * Compost (pure) Compost + 2 vol.% BC * p <.5, t-test Work y MSc Mtthis Schröder Kmmnn et l. 7 *
7 Biochr-composting: ccelerted geing BC-Composting experiment: GHG fluxes - CO 2 nd N 2 O emissions CO 2 efflux (mg CO 2 kg -1 h -1 ) CO 2 c c c N 2 O emission (µg N kg -1 h -1 ) 1,6 1,4 1,2 1, N 2 O Compost only BC-Compost Compost + fresh BC,8,,6,4,2, wter holding cpcity of sustrte (%) wter holding cpcity of sustrte (%) Work y MSc Mtthis Schröder 73. ANS-Symposium, 2. Septemer 212 Kmmnn et l. 8
8 Old chrcol kiln plces: iochr soil Chrcol kiln re: Chrcol kiln soil (CC): Adjcent forest soil (Adj): Siegerländer Huerg ; lst use > 5 yers go ph 4.8, lower ulk density ph 4.4, N-min stocks identicl M: Depths: -5 cm nd 5-2 cm, 5-mm sieved; Incution: in jrs, 6% WHC, 15 C Tretments: +/- 1 ppm NH 4 NO 3 ; Mesurements: GHG fluxes dily ; N min extrctions 73. ANS-Symposium, 2. Septemer 212 MSc thesis Christoph Finke Kmmnn et l. 9
9 Chrcol-rich kiln soil fertility: not reduced Lrgely not n N effect Adj. forest soil 1:1 mixture kiln-site soil 73. ANS-Symposiuml 2. Septemer 212 Diplom thesis D. Hegenerg, Uni Bonn, (W. Amelung) Kmmnn et l. 1
10 Kiln soils: N 2 O emissions N 2 O emissions (µg N kg -1 h -1 ),25,2,15,1,5,,2,15,1,5, N N top soil (-5 cm) su soil (5-2 cm) CC +F CC -F Adj +F Adj -F CC +F CC -F Adj +F Adj -F N 2 O emission sum (µg N kg -1 ) N 2 O emission sum (µg N kg -1 ) CC F+ CC F- Adj F+ Adj F- Fctor P depth <,1 CC/Adj,117 Fertil. <,1 depth x CC/Adj <,1 depth x F <,1 CC/Adj x F,58 depth x CC/Adj x F <,1 N 2 O emission sum (µg N kg -1 ) N 2 O emission sum (µg N kg -1 ) 12 top soil su soil CC F+ CC F- Adj F+ Adj F- Grsslnd, F+ Fctor P depth <,1 CC/Adj,117 Fertil. <,1 depth x CC/Adj <,1 depth x F <,1 CC/Adj x F,58 depth x CC/Adj x F <,1 top soil su soil Dys fter strt (N fertiliztion) CC Adj CC Adj + N-Fertil. unfertil. Grss CC Adj CC Adj + N-Fertil. unfertil. MSc thesis Christoph Finke Eurosoil 212, 5. July Kmmnn et l. 11
11 Kiln soils: CH 4 oxidtion nd lnce CH 4 uptke sum (ng CH 4 kg -1 ) CH 4 uptke sum (µg CH 4 kg -1 ) CC Adj CC Adj + N-Fertil. CC F+ CC F- Adj F+ Adj F- Fctor P depth <,1 CC/Adj <,1 Fertil. <,1 depth x CC/Adj <,1 depth x F <,1 CC/Adj x F <,1 depth x CC/Adj x F,49 unfertil. top soil su soil CO 2 equivlents (mg CO 2 kg d -1 ) net emission net comsumption CC F+ CC F- Adj F+ Adj F- net emission net comsumption CC Adj CC Adj + N-Fertil. unfertil. N 2 O emission CH 4 consumption N 2 O emission CH 4 consumption GWP1-yr: N 2 O: 298 CH 4 : 25 MSc thesis Christoph Finke Eurosoil 212, 5. July Kmmnn et l. 12
12 Oldest nlog: Terr pret soils M: Incution t 25 C, 7% rh, 8% WFPS Appliction of 5 ppm NH 4 NO 3, 4 smpling dtes (dy, 1, 3, nd 7) n=6 per soil (96 jrs), KCl extrctions Soils A. Lim, S. Tsi, W. Teixeir Eurosoil 212, 5. July Kmmnn et l. 13
13 Terr pret soils: N min dynmics NH 4 + concentrtions (mg N kg -1 ) mmonium TP p<.1 Ecosys p<.1 TP x Eco n.s. c d TP Adj TP Adj NO 3 - concentrtions (mg N kg -1 ) nitrte TP p<.1 Ecosys p<.1 TP x Eco n.s. c d TP Adj TP Adj secondry forest griculture secondry forest griculture Results: N-min stocks: TP >> Adj in oth ecosystems (SF nd gri.) NH 4 /NO 3 rtio: TP , Adj Soils A. Lim, S. Tsi, W. Teixeir Eurosoil 212, 5. July Kmmnn et l. 14
14 Terr pret soils: N 2 O emissions 6 N 2 O emission (ng N 2 O-N kg -1 h -1 ) N ppl. TP Forest Adj Forest TP Agri Adj Agri Dy men ll jrs dys fter N ppliction Results: N 2 O pek Adj forest only N 2 O emissions very low TP slightly lrger ckground N 2 O soil N 2 O flux (ng N kg -1 h -1 ) Dy 3 TP Adj. Secondry Forest TP or Adj.: p=.312 Ecosystem: p=.54 TP x Ecosys.: p=.16 TP Agriculture Adj. Soils A. Lim, S. Tsi, W. Teixeir Eurosoil 212, 5. July Kmmnn et l. 15
15 Summry nd Conclusions 1. BC-Composts: lower N 2 O emission reduction no dnger of incresed N 2 O emission 2. Kiln soils: no potentil for strong N 2 O emission net N 2 O+CH 4 : signficntly improved 3. Terr pret: +/- sme pttern s kiln soil high emissions from Adjcent forest only There is room for creful optimism: Biochr s suitle mngement tool eyond initil N 2 O emission reductions Eurosoil 212, 5. July Kmmnn et l. 16
16 Thnk you for your ttention! Coopertions nd Acknowledgements: Eurosoil 212, 5. July Kmmnn et l. 17
17 Kiln soils: soil respirtion CO 2 efflux sum (mg CO 2 kg -1 ) CC F+ CC F- Adj F+ Adj F- top soil CO 2 efflux sum (mg CO 2 kg -1 ) Fctor P depth <,1 CC/Adj <,1 Fertil. <,1 depth x CC/Adj.4 depth x F,19 CC/Adj x F,111 depth x CC/Adj x F,696 su soil CC Adj CC Adj + N-Fertil. unfertil. MSc thesis Christoph Finke Eurosoil 212, 5. July Kmmnn et l. 18
18 8 6 Kiln soils: N-min dynmics 16 top soil CC NH + 4 Adj 14 NO - N fertiliztion 3 no N fertil. 12 top soil NH 4 + concentrtion (mg N kg -1 ) su soil CC Adj concentrtion (mg N kg -1 soil) NO su soil CC Adj N fertiliztion no N fertil. CC Adj N fertiliztion no N fertil Dy fter N-ppliction Dy fter N-ppliction Eurosoil 212, 5. July Kmmnn et l. MSc thesis Christoph Finke 19
19 Climte: 3-yer verges 73. ANS-Symposiuml 2. Septemer 212 Kmmnn et l. 2
20 Climte: 3-yer verges 73. ANS-Symposiuml 2. Septemer 212 Kmmnn et l. 21
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