Effect of zeolite and chemical fertilizer on the change of phycical and chemical properties on Lat Ya soil series for sugar cane

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1 Symposium no. 57 Pper no Presenttion: poster Effect of zeolite nd chemicl fertilizer on the chnge of phycicl nd chemicl properties on Lt Y soil series for sugr cne JUNRUNGREANG Suppron, LIMTONG Pitykon, WATTANAPRAPAT Kmlp nd PATSARAYEANGYONG Touchmon Soil nd Wter Conservtion Division, Lnd Development Depertment, Chtuchk, Bngkok 10900, Thilnd Abstrct The experiment ws done on Lt Y series during 1997 to 1998 t Amphoe Pothrm, Rtchburi Province in the centrl prt of Thilnd. The Rndomized Completed Block Design ws used comprising of 9 tretment in 3 repliction which were Control, Appliction of chemicl fertilizer ( ) t the rte nd 625 kg h -1, Zeolite t the rte 125 nd 250 kg h -1, Chemicl fertilizer t the rte kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t the rte 125 nd 250 kg h -1 nd Chemicl fertilizer t the rte 625 kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t the rte nd 625 kg h -1. The experiment result ws obtined tht the ppliction of solely chemicl fertilizer t the rte nd 625 kg h -1, zeolite t the rte 125 nd 250 kg h -1 nd the combintion of chemicl fertilizer nd zeolite were significntly ffected on the vilble nutrients content in the soil. The chnging of vilble nitrogen, phosphorus, potssium, clcium nd mgnesium in the soil were in the rnge -0.14, mg kg -1, mg kg -1, nd , respectively. Nevertheless, there ws found tht the ppliction of only chemicl fertilizer, zeolite nd the combintion of chemicl fertilizer nd zeolite were not ffected on the chnge of ction exchnge cpcity in the soil which were in the rnge Then vegettive growth nd yield were considered, there ws sttisticl significnt mong growth nd yield of sugrcne in 9 tretment. Furthermore, the ppliction of chemicl fertilizer t the rte 650 kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t the rte 250 kg h -1 exhibited the lrgest height, dimeter nd yield of sugrcne which were 235 cm, 4.2 cm nd t h -1, respectively. However, the sweet qulity of sugrcne ws not significntly chnge nd it ws in the rnge Brix. Therefore the economic return ws considered, the ppliction of chemicl fertilizer t the rte 650 kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t the rte 250 kg h -1 gve the most profit income which ws pproximtely Dollr h -1. Keywords: zeolite, chemicl fertilizer, mendment, sugrcne Introduction Thilnd is griculturl country situted in South Est Asi with totl re pproximtely 51 million h. Lnd is n importnt fctor nd foundtion for griculturl production. Almost of griculturl re is deteriorted, which unfertile soil nd lck of some importnce plnt nutrients is pproximtely 36 million h or 70 of totl re. Lt Y series hs been clssified s Red-Yellow Podzodic soil, which is

2 17 th WCSS, August 2002, Thilnd shllow, well drined nd ph between 5.5 to 7. In generl this soil is very low fertility including orgnic mtter nd vilble nutrients especilly phosphorus. Sugrcne (Scchrum officinrum L.) is the most promising industril crop in Thilnd. In the present, The expnsion of cultivted re hs exited nd continued dvnces becuse the verge yield is still very low pproximtely t h -1. However, inpproprite lnd use nd depletion of soil fertility re the key fctor of low griculturl yield especilly sugrcne. The developments of pproprite technology for soil mngement re considered for incresing sugrcne production. Vrious development nd implementtion project hve been crried out to solve the problem of productivity though crop improvement, fertilizer technology nd ppliction of soil mendment. Soil conditioner is nother key fctor for soil improvement nd crop production therefore zeolite ws considered s soil conditioner. Zeolite hs unique ction exchnge properties, moleculr sieving nd dsorption which mde this minerl ttrctive to griculturl utiliztion. Consequently, the most importnt reson of zeolite ppliction is high ction exchnge cpcity nd the cpcity of zeolite hs to bsorb mmonium ion nd vilble nutrients (Wtnbe, 1962). It is found tht zeolite incorporte with chemicl nd orgnic fertilizer s slow relese gent (Ming nd Dixon, 1986). Mterils nd Methods The field experiment ws conducted on Lt Y soil series t Amphoe Pothrm in Rtchburi province during Normlly this soil used to plnt fields crops such s sugrcne, cssv nd corn. The field ws twice plowed nd hrrowed by trctor nd then seprte into smll plot size pproximtely 6x7 m 2. Cne set (Vriety K ) ech of 2 buds were plnted in the furrow with spce of 1.4 meter between rows nd 0.5 meter with in the row. The chemicl fertilizer ( ) t the rte nd 625 kg h -1 were pplied 2 times before nd fter 45 dys of sugrcne growing nd zeolite t the rte 125 nd 250 kg h -1 were pplied before sugrcne plnttion. Soil dt collecting ws done before nd fter the experiment to know the chng of soil chemicl properties. Then the dt collection of plnt ws mesured for the height, dimeter, sweetness nd fresh weight of sugrcne. More over, the sttistic which used in this experiment, ws the nlysis of vrince to interpret the dt. The experiment pln ws lid out in rndomized complete block design with 9 tretment in 3 repliction s follows: 1.Control 2.Chemicl Fertilizer kg h -1 3.Chemicl Fertilizer kg h -1 4.Zeolite kg h -1 5.Zeolite kg h -1 6.Chemicl Fertilizer kg h -1 +Zeolite125 kg h -1 7.Chemicl Fertilizer kg h -1 +Zeolite250 kg h -1 8.Chemicl Fertilizer kg h -1 +Zeolite125 kg h -1 9.Chemicl Fertilizer kg h -1 +Zeolite250 kg h -1 Results nd Discussion The surfce soil smples (0-20 cm) were collected before nd fter sugrcne plnttion for soil nutrient nlysis. Nitrogen ws nlyzed by Kjeldhl method;

3 17 th WCSS, August 2002, Thilnd phosphorus (Bry II), potssium (Flme photometer), clcium nd mgnesium (tomic bsorption) nd ction exchnge cpcity. (Ammonium sturtion). The chemicl properties of Lt Y series before sugrcne growing re shown in Tble 1. It ws found tht ph, ction exchnge cpcity, nitrogen, phosphorus, potssium, clcium nd mgnesium were bout 5.9, 4.79, 0.07, 3.8 mg kg -1, mg kg -1, 3.3 cmol kg -1 nd 0.82, respectively. Tble 1 Chemicl properties of Lt Y series. ph CEC N () P K C Mg Chemicl fertilizer nd zeolite were pplied for sugrcne plnttion which bsed on recommended rtes using level. The chrcteristic of zeolite ws shown in Tble 2. However, zeolite ws considered to be representtive in term of its composition. C.E.C. ( ), K (19.83 ), C ( ), Mg (16.40 ), N (13.97 ), P 2 O 5 (426 mg kg -1 ), ph (6.4), SiO 2 (71), Al 2 O 3 (11), Fe 2 O 3 (3.13), N 2 O (1.09), MgO (0.61), K 2 O (2.54), nd CO (2.56), respectively. Tble 2 Physicl nd chemicl properties of zeolite. Chrcteristic CEC K C Mg N P 2 O 5 ph SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 N 2 O MgO K 2 O CO Zeolite mg kg -1 The chnge of chemicl properties in Lt Y series The soil smples fter sugrcne hrvesting were collected nd nlyzed which some chemicl properties of this soil were shown in Tble 3. The ppliction of chemicl fertilizer t the rte nd 625 kg h -1, zeolite t the rte 125 nd 250 nd their combintion did not significnly increse ction exchnge cpcity in the soil. Anywy, the trendency of ction exchnge cpcity in the soil slighly rise up when there ws pplied chemicl fertilizer t the rte kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t the rte

4 17 th WCSS, August 2002, Thilnd 250 kg h -1, However ction exchnge cpcity in the soil ws in the rnge , even it pplied with zeolite, chemicl fertilizer nd their combintion. Considertion the mjor elements in the soil, nitrogen ws n essentil elements for vegettive growth in sugrcne. Plnt would be stunt nd low qulity if therel ws lck of nitrogen in the soil. The result ws obtined tht totl nitrogen in the soil ws highly incresed by the ppliction of chemicl fertilizer t the rte kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t the rte 250 kg h -1 nd chemicl fertilizer t the rte 625 kg h -1 incorprted with zeolite t the rte 125 nd 250 kg h -1 when compred with control. The verge nitrogen in the soil were pproximtely 0.15, 0.14 nd 0.14, respectively (Tble 3). Furthermore, the combintion of chemicl fertilizer t the rte kg h -1 with zeolite t the rte 250 kg h -1 showed the most highest nitrogen content in the soil which ws pproximtely 0.15 becuse zeolite hd cpcity to dsorp mmonium from chemicl fertilizer (Clline et l., 1988; Shermn, 1997). Also Hung et l. (1995) reported tht zeolite improved the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer bout Moreover, zeolite hd cpcity to reduce nitrte nd mmonium from leching pproximtely 86 nd 99 lower thn control respectively (Hung nd Petrovic, 1995). Phosphorus ws n importnt plnt nutrients for stimulting the growth rte of sugrcne. There ws found tht the chnging of phosphorus ws shrply incresed by ddition of chemicl fertilizer nd chemicl fertilizer in corported with zeolite (Tble 3). The verge phosphorus in the ppliction of chemicl fertilizer t the rte kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t 125 nd 250 kg h -1 nd chemicl fertilizer t the rte 625 kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t the rte 125 nd 250 kg h -1 were bout 11.7, 19.7, 18.7 nd 18.7 mg kg -1, respectively. Nevertheless, the ppliction of chemicl fertilizer t the rte 625 kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t the rte 125 kg h -1 showed the lrgest mount of phosphorus in the soil. Consequently, zeolite hd cpcity to dsorp phosphorus chemicl fertilizer nd reduce phosphorus from lechge in the soil. Futhermore, the composition of zeolite hd numerous of phosphorus pproximtely 426 mg kg -1 (Tble 1). Tble 3 Chnge of chemicl properties in Lt Y soil series. Tretment C.E.C. N P K C Mg () Potssium is n essentil element for metbolism of strch nd sugr in the plnt. The experiment result ws obtined tht potssium ws incresed significntly by ddition of chemicl fertilizer incorported with zeolite (Tble 3). The ppliction of chemicl fertilizer t the rte 625 kg h -1 mixed with zeolite 125 kg h -1 indicted the lrgest mount of potssium in the soil becuse zeolite hd potentil to dsorp potssium from chemicl fertilizer nd reduce it from lechge. (Wright et l., 1983;

5 17 th WCSS, August 2002, Thilnd Mzur et l., 1986). Johnson et l. (1983) indicted tht zeolite showed prominent s source of slow-relese potssium. Similr effects were found in clcium nd mgnesium, which were in the rnge nd respectively due to properties of zeolite. Mzur et l. (1986) pointed out tht zeolite improved clcium nd mgnesium in the soil. Sugrcne growth in Lt Y soil series The results indicted tht there ws sttisticl signicnt mong the growth nd yield of sugrcne in 9 tretment t 5 level of DMRT. The incresing height of sugrcne ws cused by the ppliction of chemicl fertilizer nd soil mendment (Tble 4). The height of sugrcne significntly rised up by chemicl fertilizer t the rte kg h -1 mixed with soil mendment t the rte 125 kg h -1, chemicl fertilizer t the rte 625 kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t the rte 125 nd 250 kg h -1 Furthermore, there ws found tht the height of grostis ws incresed bout 25 by using zeolite mixed with chemicl fertilizer (Ferguson et l., 1989; Crepo et l., 1989) due to the effect of zeolite nd chemicl fertilizer (Hung nd Petrovic, 1995). The ppliction of chemicl fertilizer, chemicl fertilizer incorported with zeolite remrkbly rised up the dimeter of sugrcne. Among these tretments, the combintion of chemicl fertilizer t the rte 625 kg h -1 nd zeolite t the rte 250 kg h-1 gve the best result nd it ws pproximtely 3.46 cm. It ws found tht the ppliction of only zeolite did not significntly incresed dimeter of sugrcne (Tble 4). Crespo (1989) reported tht only zeolite did not increse yield of Brchiri decumbens. However, the ppliction of zeolite incorported with chemicl fertilizer incresed plnt fertilizer efficiency nd incresed growth of stolonifer. (Ferguson, 1989). The result showed tht zeolite, chemicl fertilizer nd their combintion did not effect on sweet qulity which ws in the rnge Brix. The yield of sugrcne ws significntly incresed by chemicl fertilizer nd the combintion of chemicl fertilizer nd soil mendment. The highest yield ws obtined by dding high dosge chemicl fertilizer nd high dosge zeolite which ws pproximtely ton h -1. Zeolite incorported with chemicl fertilizer gve positive effect for plnt growth (Vlente et l., 1986; Piy nd Chidit, 1996). Tble 4 Averge sweet qulity, growth nd yield of sugrcne in Lt Y soil series. Tretment Height Dimeter Yield Sweetness (cm) bc b b b bc b bc c (cm) bc 3.33 bc 3.10 b 3.20 b 3.28 bc 3.28 bc 3.30 bc 3.46 c (t h -1 ) b cde b bc bc bcd de e (Brix) CV()

6 17 th WCSS, August 2002, Thilnd Economic return The comprison of economic return mong these tretment ws mde t the end of the field experiment in The result showed tht the ppliction of chemicl fertilizer t the rte 625 kg h -1 incorported with zeolite t the rte 125 kg h -1 ws obtined highly net profits which ws pproximtely Dollr h -1 (Tble 5) Becuse sugrcne growth nd yield were directly ffected by the most effective ppliction of chemicl fertilizer nd zeolite. Tble 5 Economic return from sugrcne yield. Tretment Yield Expense Net income Net profit (kg h -1 ) (Dollr h -1 ) (Dollr h -1 ) (Dollr h -1 ) , , Conclusion The ppliction of zeolite ws slightly effect on the chnge of chemicl properties of the Lt Y series nd growth of sugrcne including yield. However, chemicl properties of Lt Y series, sugrcne growth nd yield were significntly incresed by the dding zeolite incorported with chemicl fertilizer. The combintion of high dosge of chemicl fertilizer nd high dosge of zeolite showed the highest of the height, dimeter nd yield of sugrcne including gve the best profit in come. References Crlino, J.L., K.A. Willims nd E.R. Allen Evlution of zeolite bsed soiless root medi for potted Chrysnthemum production. Horticulture technology. 8(3): Chpmn, H.D Ction exchnge cpcity. In C.A. Blck (ed.). Methods of Soil Anlysis, Prt II. Agronomy Monogrph. 9: Furguson, G.A., I.L. Peper nd W.R. Kneebone Growth of croping bentgrss on new medium for turfgrss growth. Clinoptilolite zeolite-mended snd. Agro. J. 78 (6): Hung, Z.T. nd A.M. Petrovic Clinoptilolite zeolite effect on evportion rte nd shoot growth rte of bentgrss on snd bse grss. J. of Turgrss Mngement. Jckson, M.L Hydrogen ctivity determintion for soils, pp In Soil Chemicl Anlysis. Jckson, M.L Nitrogen determintions for soil nd plnt tissue, pp In Soil Chemicl Anlysis. Mzur, G.A., G.K. Medvid nd I.T. Gvigor Use of nturl zeolite to increse the fertilizer of corse soils. Soviet Soil Sci. 16(4):

7 17 th WCSS, August 2002, Thilnd Ming, D.W. nd J.B. Dixon Clinoptilolite in South Texs soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 50: Olsen, S.R. nd L.A. Den Phosphours, pp In C. A. Blck (ed.). Methods of Soil Anlysis, Prt II. Agronomy monogrph. 9. Prtt, P.F Potssium, pp In C.A. Blck (ed.). Methods of Soil Anlysis, Prt II. Agronomy monogrph. 9. Shermn, J.D Ion exchnge seprtions with moleculr seive zeolite. Pper presented t 83 rd Ntt. Meet. Americn Institute of chemicl engineers, Houston, Texs. Vlente. S., N. Burriesci, S. Cvllro, S. Glvgno nd C. Zipelli Utiliztion of zeolite s soil conditioner in tomto growing. Zeolites. 2(4): Wtnbe, Y Effect of nturl occurring zeolite s soil mendment in specil reference to their ction exchnge cpcities Memordum the 4 th committee. Reserch Assocition of Zeolite December 11,