Grapevine Nutrition: Results of Tissue and Soil Analyses

Transcription

1 Grapevine Nutrition: Results of Tissue and Soil Analyses Carl Rosen University of Minnesota Northern Grape Symposium February 6, 2013 Rochester, NY

2 Collaborators Paul Domoto, Iowa State University James Crants, University of Minnesota Tim Martinson and Chrislyn Particka, Cornell University Harlene Hatterman-Valenti, North Dakota State University Rhoda Burrows and Anne Fennell, South Dakota State University

3 Background Recently developed cold hardy grape varieties offer new opportunities for winemaking Optimal nutrition and soil management practices have not been established Tissue analysis is a tool used to assess nutritional status, but critical values are based on labrusca or vinifera types Values may need to be adjusted or fine-tuned for cold hardy varieties

4 Background Tissue analysis is traditionally based on petioles samples Petioles predict future nutrient needs, but may not be as appropriate for assessing overall vine nutrition Leaf blade tissue or whole leaf (petiole + blade) may be a better indicator of nutritional status

5 Overall Objectives Establish nutrient diagnostic criteria and interpretations for recently released cold hardy grape cultivars Determine relationships between tissue nutrient levels (petiole, blade, whole leaf) and: Soil properties Yield Grape quality

6 Sixteen Study Sites

7 Approach Four year old vines (or older) of Marquette, LaCrescent, and Frontenac grape cultivars selected Soil samples for 0-8 and 8-16 depths collected in the spring of 2012 Characterize physical and chemical properties Leaf blade and petiole samples collected at: Full bloom Pre-veraison (~ 30 days later) Veraison

8 Approach Full bloom Petioles and leaves opposite the bottom flower cluster

9 Approach Pre-veraison (~ 30 days later) Petioles and leaves from the most recently matured leaf 5 th to 7 th leaf from the terminal Veraison Petioles and leaves from the most recently matured leaf 5 th to 7 th leaf from the terminal

10 6 5 7

11 Approach Soil and tissue samples were sent to a commercial lab for analysis using standard protocols At harvest, grape yields were measured or estimated Grape samples were collected for quality analysis Brix, ph, titratable acidity, YAN

12 Results - Soil Soil Characteristics: 0-8 Texture: Loamy sand (ND) to Clay loam (MN) Sandy loam to loam in NY Most sites had finer texture at lower depths ph: 5.1 (MN) to 8.0 (MN); (NY) ph tended to increase with depth Optimal ph: OM: 1.2% (MN) to 6.4% (ND); 5.0%-5.9% (NY) OM tended to decrease with depth

13 Some Results - Soil Soil Characteristics: 0-8 Potassium: 81 ppm (IA) to 577 ppm (ND); ppm (NY) Potassium tended to decrease with depth; ppm (NY) Optimal: ~150 ppm Magnesium: 88 ppm (NY) to 1218 ppm (MN); ppm (NY) Subsoil magnesium depended on site Decreased in NY: ppm Increased slightly at most other sites Optimal: ~ 100 ppm

14 Tissue N Results All Sites Bloom Veraison Statistic Petiole Blade Whole leaf % Mean Range Std. Dev Optimum* Statistic Petiole Blade Whole leaf % Mean Range Std. Dev Optimum* *NRAES-145 Wine Grape Production Guide for Eastern North America

15 Tissue K Results All Sites Bloom Veraison Statistic Petiole Blade Whole leaf % Mean Range Std. Dev Optimum* Statistic Petiole Blade Whole leaf % Mean Range Std. Dev Optimum* *NRAES-145 Wine Grape Production Guide for Eastern North America

16 Tissue Mg Results All Sites Bloom Veraison Statistic Petiole Blade Whole leaf % Mean Range Std. Dev Optimum* Statistic Petiole Blade Whole leaf % Mean Range Std. Dev Optimum* *NRAES-145 Wine Grape Production Guide for Eastern North America

17 Tissue B Results All Sites Bloom Veraison Statistic Petiole Blade Whole leaf % Mean Range Std. Dev Optimum* Statistic Petiole Blade Whole leaf % Mean Range Std. Dev Optimum* *NRAES-145 Wine Grape Production Guide for Eastern North America

18 Grape Yield and Quality Statistic Yield, lb/vine ph T.A., g/l YAN, mg N/L Brix, Bx Mean Range S.D

19 New York Site Symptoms on Frontenac appeared late season

20 New York Site Soil & Petiole K Soil K, ppm Petiole K, % Bloom Veraison Optimum Application of soil and foliar K is recommended

21 What We Have Learned So Far Wide range of soil properties in the study Wide range in tissue nutrient levels Tissue petiole and blade/whole leaf values differ for N and K Petiole N lower than blade N Petiole K higher than blade K

22 Next Steps Correlations of soil and tissue levels with grape juice characteristics Cultivar specific trends Determine if there are varietal differences in tissue levels Continue sampling for two more years (if funding permits)

23 Thank You & Questions?