Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring
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1 SUPPORTING INFORMATION Estimation of speciated and total mercury dry deposition at monitoring locations in eastern and central North America L. Zhang, P. Blanchard, D.A. Gay, E.M. Prestbo, M.R. Risch, D. Johnson, J. Narayan, R. Zsolway, T.M. Holsen, E.K. Miller, M.S. Castro, J.A. Graydon, V.L. St. Louis, J. Dalziel Contents Table S. Population density within the 5km radius circle surrounding each site and defined site categories. Also shown in the last column is the fraction of each land use category (LUC) within the km circle surrounding each site (number in brackets are LUC number defined in Zhang et al., (23). Table S2. Litterfall measurements collected at selected MDN sites. Table S3. Seasonal averages ±standard deviation of speciated Hg ambient concentrations (GEM in ng m -3 and GOM and PBM in pg m -3 ) from monitoring data collected during the years of 28 and 29. Spring: Mar., Apr. and May; Summer: Jun., Jul. and Aug.; Fall: Sep., Oct. and Nov.; Winter: Dec., Jan. and Feb. Figure S. Seasonal average concentrations for (a) GOM (pg m -3 ), (b) PBM (pg m -3 ) and (c) GEM (ng m -3 ). Figure S2. Average diurnal cycle and monthly V d (left columns) and normalized V d by their respective annual average V d (right columns) from 29 data at Kejimkujik forest site.
2 Table S. Population density within the 5km radius circle surrounding each site and defined site categories. Also shown in the last column is the fraction of each land use category (LUC) within the km circle surrounding each site (number in brackets are LUC number defined in Zhang et al., (23). AMNet Site Site Name Grid count Area (km²) Max / km² Mean / km² Std / km² Site category Fraction of each LUC with km circle. LUC number in ID bracket. MD8 Piney Reservoir rural.(3),.25(7),.5(),.(2),.(3),.4(4) MD99 Beltsville suburban.36(5),.89(7),.34(),.2(4),.344(2),.22(25) MS2 Grand Bay NERR rural.2(),.37(5),.4(),.4(3),.423(2),.32(2) NH6 Thompson Farm rural.5(),.5(3),.3(3),.25(5),.2(23),.77(25) NJ5 Brigantine subrural.239(3),.63(4),.34(7),.3(5),.28(2),.46,(23),.27(25) NJ3 New Brunswick urban.82(3),.24(7),.249(5),.438(2),.8(23) NJ32 Chester suburban.23(7),.3 (),.47(5),.565(2),.5(23),. (24) NJ54 Elizabeth Lab urban.42 (3),.28(),.889(2),.4(23) NS Kejimkujik rural.67(4),.33(25) National Park NY6 Bronx urban.5(7).95(2) NY2 Huntington Wildlife rural.4(3),.5(23),.45(25) NY43, NY95 Rochester suburban.(2) OH2 Athens Super Site rural.4(7),.(),.25(3),.25(25) OK99 Stilwell rural.5(),.2(5),.28(7),.4(),.4(3),.67(4),.43(2),.2(24),.5(25) UT96 Antelope Island suburban.3(),.627(4),.279(5),.72(2),.9(2) UT97 Salt Lake City urban.4(),.4(),.(4),.(2),.972(2) VT99 Underhill rural.5(),.5(4),.3(7),.(),.2(3),.2(4) WV99 Canaan Valley rural.3 (),.97 (25) Institute Experimental Lakes Area rural.25(4),.75(25) (i) The population estimates are from the 2 Gridded Population of the World - GPW v3 database prepared by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), (ii) Grid and Area: number of population grid cells and their total area used for statistics calculation; the original grids are ~ 4.64 km x 4.64 km. (iii) Definition of LUC number:. water; 2. ice; 3. inland lake; 4. evergreen needleleaf trees; 5. evergreen broadleaf trees; 6. deciduous needleleaf trees; 7. deciduous broadleaf trees; 8. tropical broadleaf trees; 9. drought deciduous trees;. evergreen broadleaf shrubs;. deciduous shrubs; 2. thorn shrubs; 3. short grass and forbs; 4. long grass; 5. crops; 6. rice; 7. sugar; 8. maize; 9. cotton; 2. irrigated crops; 2. urban; 22. tundra; 23. swamp; 24. desert; 25. mixed wood forests; 26. transitional forest.
3 Table S2. Litterfall measurements collected at selected MDN sites following from Risch et al., 22a. MDN site number Site name Latitude Longitude Elevation (m) Co-located monitoring a at MDN site Prevalent tree species in study plot Forest cover class of study plot National Land Cover Database b class for study plot Annual litterfall deposition ( g/m 2 ) GA9 Okefenokee NTN pine, oak mixed transitional 5.4 ±. IN2 Roush Lake NTN maple, poplar, ash, cherry deciduous row crops 3.9 ± 5.2 IN2 Clifty Falls none maple, poplar, ash deciduous forest and residential 6. ±.2 IN26 Fort Harrison none oak, maple, poplar, cherry deciduous urban 7.4 ± 5.5 IN34 Indiana Dunes NTN oak, maple, hickory deciduous pasture 8.7 ± 5.7 KY Mammoth Cave NTN oak, maple, hickory, ash deciduous pasture 2.6 ±. MD8 Piney Reservoir NTN, AMNet oak, maple, cherry deciduous deciduous forest 5.3 ± 2. MD99 Beltsville NTN, AMNet oak, maple, beech, sweetgum deciduous urban 5.5 ±. MI48 Seney NTN red pine, jack pine, balsam fir, birch coniferous woody wetland 7.4 ±.4 MN6 Marcell NTN aspen, maple deciduous deciduous forest 3.8 ±.4 MN98 Blaine none aspen, maple deciduous not determined 7.8 ±.3 NY68 Biscuit Brook NTN, CASTNET beech, maple deciduous deciduous forest 5.3 ±. OH2 Athens AMNet oak, maple, hickory, cherry deciduous pasture 8.8 ± 2.8 PA3 Allegheny Portage none oak, maple, beech, cherry deciduous commercial industrial 3.6 ± 4. SC5 Cape Romaine NTN oak, hickory, sweetgum, pine mixed residential 9.3 ±.2 TN Smoky Mountains NTN, CASTNET maple, poplar, birch, pine, hemlock deciduous mixed forest 4.9 ± 4.7 VA28 Shenandoah ,74 NTN, CASTNET birch, locust, oak, pine mixed deciduous forest 7.8 ±.8 VT99 Underhill NTN, AMNet, AirMon birch, maple, beech, hemlock, spruce mixed deciduous forest.3 ±.8 WI9 Popple River NTN birch, maple, aspen, fir mixed herbaceous wetland. ±. WI3 Devil's Lake none cottonwood, maple, oak, elm deciduous pasture 4.6 ±. WI36 Trout Lake NTN pine, fir, spruce coniferous evergreen forest 7.6 ±.4 WI99 Lake Geneva NTN oak, basswood, ash, elm deciduous deciduous forest 4.3 ±.3 WV99 Canaan Valley AMNet birch, maple, beech, hemlock, spruce mixed pasture 9.9 ±.3 a MDN, Mercury Deposition Network; NTN, National Trends Network; AMNet, Atmospheric Mercury Network; CASTNET, Clean Air Status and Trends Network; AirMon, Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network. b Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (2).
4 Table S3. Seasonal averages ±standard deviation of speciated Hg ambient concentrations (GEM in ng m -3 and GOM and PBM in pg m -3 ) from monitoring data collected during the years of 28 and 29. Spring: Mar., Apr. and May; Summer: Jun., Jul. and Aug.; Fall: Sep., Oct. and Nov.; Winter: Dec., Jan. and Feb. GEM GOM PBM Site Code Spring Summer fall winter Spring Summer fall winter Spring Summer fall winter MD8.54 ±.9.25 ±.26.2 ±.9.54 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 9.29 MD99.5 ± ± ±.7.34 ± ± ± ± 2.85 ± ± ± ± ± 8.75 MS2.45 ± ±.7.29 ±.4.45 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 6.27 NH6.5 ±.4.26 ±.2.5 ±.5.39 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 4.56 NJ5.76 ± ±.3.45 ± ±.8.3 ±.65.4 ±.98 2 ± ± ± 4.5 NJ3 2.3 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 6.93 NJ32.98 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± NJ54.78 ± ±.48.6 ±.2.9 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 4.24 NS.58 ± ±.26.7 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.3.28 ± ± 4.87 NY6.62 ± ±.38.4 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.93 NY2.3 ± ±.3.37 ± 3..6 ±.5.59 ± ± ±.6.42 ± ± ± ± ± 4.3 NY43.56 ± ±.3.49 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 4.9 NY95.49 ±.7.38 ±.9.38 ±.6.47 ±.5.5 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.52 OH2.54 ± ± ±.2.4 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 9.87 OK99.43 ±.6.24 ± ±.5.49 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 4.9 UT96.59 ±.2.5 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± UT ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 29.4 VT99.63 ±.8.35 ± ±.6.63 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 2.87 WV99.67 ±.2.37 ±.9.64 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.8.23 ±.6.5 ±.4.34 ± ± ±.82.5 ± ± ± ± ± ± 6.49
5 Figure S. Seasonal average concentrations for (a) GOM (pg m -3 ), (b) PBM (pg m -3 ) and (c) GEM (ng m -3 ) (a) GOM Spring Summer Fall Winter MD8 MD99 MS2 NH6 NJ5 NJ3 NJ32 NJ54 NS NY6 NY2 NY43 NY95 OH2 OK99 UT96 UT97 VT99 WV (b) PBM MD8 MD99 MS2 NH6 NJ5 NJ3 NJ32 NJ54 NS NY6 NY2 NY43 NY95 OH2 OK99 UT96 UT97 VT99 WV (c) GEM.5.5 MD8 MD99 MS2 NH6 NJ5 NJ3 NJ32 NJ54 NS NY6 NY2 NY43 NY95 OH2 OK99 UT96 UT97 VT99 WV99
6 Figure S2. Average diurnal cycle and monthly V d (left columns) and normalized V d by their respective annual average V d (right columns) from 29 data at Kejimkujik forest site GOM V d ( cm s - ) GEM GOM PBM Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec PBM and GEM V d ( cm s - ) Normalized V d Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Hour Hour GOM V d ( cm s - ) PBM and GEM V d ( cm s - ) Normalized V d
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