Diagnostic Test 2. Directions: Use the graph below to answer Question 1.

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1 Directions: Use the graph below to answer Question 1. High Enzyme activity 2. Which type of organic compound is generally not soluble in water and makes up an important part of biological membranes? A carbohydrates B lipids C nucleic acids D proteins Low Temperature ( C) 1. The graph shows the activity of a digestive enzyme from the human small intestine at different temperatures. What is the explanation for the loss of activity at temperatures above about 32 degrees C? A The high temperatures disrupt the shape of the enzyme, inactivating it. B Rapid molecular motion at high temperatures makes substrate collisions less frequent. C The optimal temperature of this enzyme is 25 degrees C. D Enzyme synthesis does not take place at high temperatures. 35 Directions: Use the graph below to answer Question 3. Conduction velocity Myelinated Nonmyelinated Fiber diameter 3. The graph shows the results of an experiment on two types of nerve fibers. One type is surrounded by myelin, but the other is not. The scientists studied how quickly fibers of different diameters conducted nerve impulses. Which statement best explains their findings? A The diameter of the nerve fiber does not affect the velocity of the impulse. B Nerve fibers surrounded by myelin conduct impulses but nonmyelinated fibers do not. C Nerve fibers surrounded by myelin conduct impulses faster than nonmyelinated fibers of a similar diameter. D The velocity of the impulse in a nerve fiber surrounded by myelin is constant. 11

2 (continued) 4. In what way might an environmental scientist help reduce the number of people who develop cancer? A by developing new cancer treatments B by studying how cancer cells grow and divide C by encouraging more healthful diets D by identifying regions contaminated by carcinogens 5. All of the following concepts are stated in the cell theory A New cells are produced from existing cells. B Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. C All cells have the same internal structures. D All living things are composed of cells. 6. What does it mean to say the genetic code is universal to almost all organisms? A Almost all organisms have the same DNA. B Almost all organisms have the same proteins. C Almost all organisms make the same genes from a given protein. D Almost all organisms make the same amino acid from a given codon. 7. What is the function of a cell membrane? A to store instructions for making proteins B to perform different functions in each cell C to control what enters and leaves the cell D to form a hard outer covering for the cell 12

3 (continued) Directions: Use the diagram below to answer Question 8. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question 9. Neuron Inside of Cell High Concentration Dendrites Cell body Nucleus Axon Axon tips Transport Protein Energy 8. What is the function of the axon in a nerve cell? A It controls all the activities of the neuron. B It receives messages from other neurons. C It sends messages. D It carries messages away from the cell body. Outside of Cell Low Concentration 9. The diagram shows the movement of materials through a cell membrane when energy is required. What is this process called? A osmosis B diffusion C active transport D passive transport 10. Your body s first line of defense against infection by foreign organisms is A lymph nodes. B antibodies. C white blood cells. D the skin. 11. If you are using a light microscope to observe a stained slide, you are most likely using a A phase contrast microscope. B dark field microscope. C Nomarski microscope. D compound microscope. 13

4 (continued) 12. Which organ systems help deliver oxygen to body cells? A digestive and excretory systems B circulatory and immune systems C respiratory and circulatory systems D endocrine and muscular systems 13. The most important difference between classification during the time of Linnaeus and current classification is that organisms are now grouped according to their A fossil relationships. B size relationships. C ecological relationships. D evolutionary relationships. 14. Characteristics of hominines include A quadrapedal locomotion. B prehensile tails. C bipedal locomotion. D small brains. 15. How can aquaculture contribute to the sustainable development of a renewable resource? A It prevents desertification. B By raising aquatic animals for human consumption, overfishing of the oceans can be prevented. C It specifies how many fish can be caught in various areas of the oceans. D All methods of aquaculture prevent pollution and damage to aquatic ecosystems. 16. Which of the following statements is true about the predator-prey relationship? A It represents competition between species. B It is usually a cause of extinction of one of the species. C It contributes to exponential growth of the predator species. D It is highly effective at controlling populations of both species. 17. Immunity is the body s ability to A produce cells that inactivate foreign cells or substances. B regulate homeostasis through feedback loops. C produce the fight or flight response. D use the endocrine system to fight disease. 18. An animal or plant that is taken out of its natural habitat and placed in a completely new one can become an invasive species its population can grow out of control. Which of the following is a major effect of this population growth? A The biodiversity in the area increases. B The biodiversity in the area decreases. C A new trophic level is added to the energy pyramid. D A trophic level is removed from the energy pyramid. 14

(continued) Directions: Use the model below to answer Question 19. 19. Each rung of the DNA ladder is made up of a A single nitrogen base. B pair of nitrogen bases. C pair of carbon bases.

5 (continued) Directions: Use the model below to answer Question Each rung of the DNA ladder is made up of a A single nitrogen base. B pair of nitrogen bases. C pair of carbon bases. D single carbon base. Directions: Use the Punnett squares below to answer Question If the allele for white flowers is dominant and the allele for purple flowers is recessive, what is the phenotype of the offspring in the F 1 generation? A white B purple C WW D Ww 21. Which group of organisms is involved most in converting nitrogen from one form to another at different points in the nitrogen cycle? A crops B green algae C animals D bacteria 22. One characteristic used to place organisms into kingdoms is A how they move. B where they live. C their ability to make food. D their ability to reproduce. 23. Which of the following is not a characteristic that biologists use to classify animals? A the animal s body structure B the animal s DNA C where the animal lives D the way that the animal develops as an embryo 24. With rare exceptions, which of the following characteristics do plants share? A unicellular B flowering C prokaryotic D autotrophic 15

6 (continued) Directions: Use the diagram below to answer Question 25. Crabeater seal Adelie penguin Krill Leopard seal Cod Killer whale Photosynthetic plankton Elephant seal Squid Zooplankton 25. Which statement concerning the producers in the ocean ecosystem shown above is correct? A An increase in the types of producers will most likely decrease the available energy for the squid. B A producer in this ecosystem is the zooplankton. C If all the producers in this ecosystem are destroyed, the number of heterotrophs will increase, but the ecosystem will reach a new equilibrium. D Because there is only one group of producers, their numbers must be large enough to supply the energy for the rest of the food web. 27. The principal role of decomposers in an ecosystem is to A recycle the high-energy molecules in the bodies of dead organisms back to the environment. B use the bodies of dead organisms as food for their own growth and reproduction. C turn the bodies of dead organisms into fossil fuels. D recycle the carbon, nitrogen, and other elements in the bodies of dead organisms back to the environment for use by plants and animals. 28. Nonvascular plants differ from vascular plants in A the way they make food. B where they obtain water and nutrients. C how they transport water and nutrients. D how they reproduce. 29. How did life on Earth change once photosynthetic autotrophs had produced enough oxygen that it had accumulated in the atmosphere? A Multicellular organisms started to evolve. B Aerobic heterotrophs began to appear. C Plants began to grow on land. D DNA molecules started to form. 26. An energy pyramid shows that about 90 percent of the energy represented in each trophic level is A passed on to the level above it. B used by decomposers. C not passed on to the level above it. D recycled by the ecosystem. 16

7 (continued) 30. What source of genetic variation is least likely to account for differences between human children and their parents? A lateral gene transfer B mutations C crossing-over D gamete fusion 31. All angiosperms A produce cones. B produce fruits. C are seedless. D are tropical. 32. The raw materials of photosynthesis are A sugar and water. B sugar and oxygen. C carbon dioxide and water. D carbon dioxide and oxygen. 33. What are the products of photosynthesis and the reactants in respiration? A oxygen and water B glucose and oxygen C carbon dioxide and water D glucose and carbon dioxide 34. How do sponges reproduce sexually? A Sperm from a sponge fertilize eggs in the same sponge. B Water carries sperm from one sponge to eggs in another sponge. C Water carries eggs from one sponge to sperm in another sponge. D Eggs are fertilized by sperm within the sponge s collar cells. 35. Which of the following is a characteristic of animals with radial symmetry? A They have no head or tail. B They must move quickly to catch prey. C They move faster on land than in water. D They have sense organs at the front of their bodies. 36. Which of the following is necessary for natural selection to occur? A mitosis B a struggle to survive C predator-prey relationship D no genetic variation 37. At some point in their lives, all chordates have a flexible supporting rod in their backs called a A notochord. B gill. C nerve cord. D backbone. 17

(continued) 38. Scientists have found several ways in which the public can help control bacterial growth outside of the body, including heat sterilization.

8 (continued) 38. Scientists have found several ways in which the public can help control bacterial growth outside of the body, including heat sterilization. As a result, people are at lesser risk of contracting a bacterial infection or disease. What substance helps to control pathogenic bacteria outside of the body? A vaccines B antibiotics C retroviruses D disinfectants 39. Which of the following situations might lead to genetic drift? A Parasitic plants are introduced into an area. B A few seeds from the same plant species are carried to an island during a hurricane. C A pond dries up during a severe drought. D riverbank floods during a severe storm. 40. What is one of the roles of DNA polymerase during replication? A It unzips molecules of DNA. B It proofreads each new DNA strand. C It degenerates the old DNA strand. D It uses one strand of DNA to build a strand of RNA. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer Questions 41 and Which producers in this food web are eaten by the largest number of different types of animals? A flowering shrubs and carrots B flowering shrubs and trees C trees and carrots D trees and wheat 42. Which food chain would cease to exist if all the flowering shrubs were destroyed? A deer coyote B mice snake hawk C grasshopper frog hawk D None of the above would be affected. 18

(continued) 43. What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands? A Their feathers were adapted to match their environment. B Their beaks were adapted to the foods they ate.

9 (continued) 43. What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands? A Their feathers were adapted to match their environment. B Their beaks were adapted to the foods they ate. C They had identical phenotypes in all locations. D They had identical genotypes in all locations. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer Question 44. Four Types of Chromosomal Mutations 44. The type of chromosomal mutation shown in Part A of the diagram is A deletion. B duplication. C translocation. D inversion. 45. Which of the following lists places the organisms in the same order as their appearance in the fossil record? A insects, mammals, reptiles, amphibians B fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals C fish, aquatic invertebrates, birds, dinosaurs D reptiles, fish, mammals, amphibians 46. If all of the body cells in an organism have the same DNA, how do cells specialize to perform different functions? A Depending on the location of the cell, certain genes are silenced. B Depending on the location of the cell, certain genes are destroyed. C Depending on the location of the cell, only certain proteins are used although all of the proteins encoded in the DNA are made. D Depending on the location of the cell, only certain mrna molecules are translated. 47. Many forms of radiation like ultraviolet light, X-rays, and nuclear radiation can cause cancer because they A raise internal cell temperature. B disrupt enzyme function in cells. C interfere with the production of ATP in mitochondria. D cause mutations in the cell s genetic material. 48. When does the segregation of pairs of alleles takes place? A During mitosis B During the first set of meiotic divisions C During the second set of meiotic divisions D During fertilization 49. Which of the following is one of the forces that allows water to move through the tissues of a plant? A vein action B magnetism C gravity D cohesion 19

Biology EOC Review Study Questions

Biology EOC Review Study Questions Microscopes and Characteristics of Life 1. How do you calculate total magnification on a compound light microscope? 2. What is the basic building block of all living