Darwin's theory of natural selection, its rivals, and cells. Week 3 (finish ch 2 and start ch 3)
|
|
- Eleanore Sutton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Darwin's theory of natural selection, its rivals, and cells Week 3 (finish ch 2 and start ch 3) 1
2 Historical context Discovery of the new world -new observations challenged long-held views -exposure to new plants and animals increased awareness of biodiversity Views like the fixity of species and a young Earth were disconfirmed th Europe became a scientific breeding ground paving the way for evolutionary thought. *Scientists were now trying to give better explanations to: -replace the disconfirmed ones -explain why biological organisms evolve 2
3 Racap of Darwin's theory of natural selection Natural selection -mechanism explaining evolutionary change -influenced by previous scientists and Darwin's observations. Summary of NS -there's always variation of heritable traits for all members of a species -traits are advantageous (increase reproductive success) relative to environmental context -advantageous traits accumulate over time resulting in new species. -new species can also arise due to geographic isolation. 3
4 Racap of Darwin's theory of natural selection Terms and concepts Reproductive success: number of offspring an individual can produce that live to be reproductively viable. Fitness: the relative measure of reproductive success. Selective pressures: forces in the environment influencing reproductive success. 4
5 Examples of natural selection: Galapagos finches -Local environmental conditions varied from island to island SO: NS led to different populations to diverge from each other *Differences between species = beak size and structure Heavy beaks = exploit seeds and leaves Long stout beaks = exploit insects in trees (like a woodpecker) Long thin beaks = exploit flying insects 5
6 NS ex: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria Recall: environmental pressures make certain variations do better than others. Environmental pressure: advent and extensive use of antibiotics Selection for: advantageous traits like higher resistance to antibiotics -Over many generations, a new resistant bacterial species emerges. 6
7 Conditions for NS to occur Examples highlight important conditions needed for natural selection i. NS only acts on heritable traits ii. NS only acts on already existing variation in heritable traits iii. Fitness is a relative measure that changes as the environment changes iv. NS only acts on traits that affect reproduction 7
8 Example 1: Dog breeding Q: How could you turn a pack of wolves into Chihuahuas? If you're given a pack of wolves to breed, how would you start breeding the wolves to eventually make a Chihuahua? Note: All dogs descended from wolves 8
9 Constraints on Darwin's theory of natural selection First constraint: Didn't know why biological variation occurs in all species. Second constraint: Didn't know how traits were inherited traits -Blending inheritance fails Much later, -advancements in scientific technology -advancements in cell biology and genetics -the rediscovery of Mendel's principles of inheritance...allowed us to overcome these constraints on Darwin's theory 9
10 Intelligent design is a terrible explanation Science is about explaining facts about the world we observe. No explanation should be excluded if it's a good explanation of such facts. Intelligent design (ID) claims the best explanation for biology is that it was designed by an intelligent being. ID isn't used in science because it's a terrible explanation. Here are the following best criticisms of ID. 10
11 ID is a terrible explanation because: 1. ID doesn't fit with our background experience of design 11
12 ID is a terrible explanation because 2. ID is uninformative We don't know the process the designer used to design things. We don't know the designer's intentions. 12
13 ID is a terrible explanation because 3. ID is unfalsifiable ID is so vague, no potential observation would falsify it. Saying: intelligent designer is still vague because intelligent people design simple, complex, efficient, costly, good, and poor things too! 13
14 ID is a terrible explanation because In sum: good scientific explanations fit with our background experience, are informative and falsifiable. ID has NONE of these characteristics of good explanations so it's not useful to discuss the scientific topics in physical anthropology 14
15 Natural selection, unlike ID, is a good explanation: 1. NS fits with our background experience NS fits with our background experience with artificial selection 15
16 Natural selection, unlike ID, is a good explanation: 2. NS is informative because NS uses known processes to explain how traits are transmitted across generations -ch 3 and 4 tells us about genetics and Mendelian principles of inheritance NS says traits are advantageous given the environmental context -fitness is relative to environmental pressures 16
17 Natural selection, unlike ID, is a good explanation: 3. NS is falsifiable New species only arise after many generations (Uniformitarianism). If we observe a species evolve into a new species in one generation, then this would falsify NS. 17
18 Chapter 3: Biological basis of life: genetics, cells, DNA 18
19 Constraints on Darwin's theory of natural selection First constraint: Didn't know why biological variation occurs in all species. Second constraint: Didn't know how traits were inherited traits 19
20 Genetics and cells Genetics studies how genes work and how traits are transmitted one generation to the next. -the constraints on Darwin's theory of natural selection were ultimately solved by findings of genetics Cells: the basic units of life -biology features single-celled organisms all the way to organisms like us which consist of trillions of cells 20
21 Cells: the most basic units of life *the earliest life arose 3.5 bya (bacteria and blue-green algae) *Eukaryotic cells arose 1.7 bya -the types of cells comprising multicellular organisms 21
22 Cell types Two cell types Somatic cells: the cellular components of bodily tissues Gametes: the sex cells (sperm and ova) -two gametes form a zygote 22
23 Cells: the most basic units of life Eukaryotic cells contain: organelles: substructures in cells which perform various functions *Organelles: nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and mitochondria Nucleus: houses the molecules that contain our genetic information: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid) Cytoplasm: surrounds a cell's organelles Ribosomes: manufactures proteins via protein synthesis Mitochondria: function in energy production and have their own DNA (mitochondrial DNA (mtdna)) 23
24 DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - double-stranded host of the genetic code RNA (ribonucleic acid) - single-stranded molecule messenger (mrna) transfer (trna) DNA + RNA contain the genetic information controlling the cell's functions 24
25 DNA Structure Structure DNA is made of complementary chains of stacked nucleotides Nucleotides structure: composed of a sugar plus a phosphate (sides), and a nitrogenous base (rungs) Bases: form complementary bonds Adenine bonds with Thymine Guanine bonds with Cytosine 25
26 DNA Replication DNA can make multiple copies of itself to -key to growth and healing/repairing tissue -is needed for cell division Process of DNA replication 1. Enzymes 'unzip' bonds between the bases 2. Exposed bases attract complementary free-floating nucleotides 3. Two parental nucleotide chains are models for growing replicated strands -the new DNA molecules consist of an original and new strand 26
27 Genes Genes: sequences of DNA bases guiding protein synthesis, partial protein formation, or any function products (e.g., RNA) Human Genome -25,000 genes -90,000 proteins Regulatory genes: produce proteins influencing the activity of other genes Homeobox genes: direct development of body plan and body tissue segmentation Hox genes: important for development of spinal regions 27
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Week 3
Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection Week 3 1 Announcements -HW 1 - will be on chapters 1 and 2 DUE: 2-27 2 Summary *Essay talk *Explaining evolutionary change *Getting to know natural selection
More informationFull file at CHAPTER 2 Genetics
CHAPTER 2 Genetics MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Chromosomes are a. small linear bodies. b. contained in cells. c. replicated during cell division. 2. A cross between true-breeding plants bearing yellow seeds produces
More information6A Genes and Cell Division
genetics: the study of heredity Life Science Chapter 6 Cell Division 6A Genes and Cell Division gene: contain the cell s blueprints (the information needed to build the cell and cell products) a discrete
More informationCell Growth and Division
Cell Growth and Division Why do cells divide* Life and reproduction require cell division You require constant cell reproduction to live Mitosis: development (a) mitotic cell division (b) mitotic cell
More informationNotes Chapter 4 Cell Reproduction. That cell divided and becomes two, two become four, four become eight, and so on.
4.1 Cell Division and Mitosis Many organisms start as one cell. Notes Chapter 4 Cell Reproduction That cell divided and becomes two, two become four, four become eight, and so on. Many-celled organisms,
More informationBiology Semester 2 Final Review
Name Period Due Date: 50 HW Points Biology Semester 2 Final Review LT 15 (Proteins and Traits) Proteins express inherited traits and carry out most cell functions. 1. Give examples of structural and functional
More informationBiology I Fall Semester Exam Review 2014
Biology I Fall Semester Exam Review 2014 Biomolecules and Enzymes (Chapter 2) 8 questions Macromolecules, Biomolecules, Organic Compunds Elements *From the Periodic Table of Elements Subunits Monomers,
More informationNumber of questions TEK (Learning Target) Biomolecules & Enzymes
Unit Biomolecules & Enzymes Number of questions TEK (Learning Target) on Exam 8 questions 9A I can compare and contrast the structure and function of biomolecules. 9C I know the role of enzymes and how
More informationBiological basis of life and Mendel
Biological basis of life and Mendel 1 Issues with Darwin's Evolutionary Theory??? 2 Key terms and definitions Amino acids - molecules that are the basic building blocks of proteins Chromosome - structures
More informationIntroduction to Genetics. Why do biological relatives resemble one another?
Introduction to Genetics Why do biological relatives resemble one another? Heritage Hair color, eye color, height, and lots of other traits are passed down through families. How does that happen? REPRODUCTION
More informationNotes Chapter 4 Cell Reproduction. That cell divided and becomes two, two become, four become eight, and so on.
Notes Chapter 4 Cell Reproduction 4.1 Cell Division and Mitosis Many organisms start as. That cell divided and becomes two, two become, four become eight, and so on. Many-celled organisms, including you,
More informationChapters 12&13 Notes: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis
Chapters 12&13 Notes: DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis Name Period Words to Know: nucleotides, DNA, complementary base pairing, replication, genes, proteins, mrna, rrna, trna, transcription, translation, codon,
More informationLIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 5 & 6 FLASHCARDS
LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 5 & 6 FLASHCARDS Why were ratios important in Mendel s work? A. They showed that heredity does not follow a set pattern. B. They showed that some traits are never passed on. C. They
More informationGENETICS - CLUTCH CH.1 INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: HISTORY OF GENETICS The earliest use of genetics was through of plants and animals (8000-1000 B.C.) Selective breeding (artificial selection) is the process of breeding organisms
More informationUnit 3 - Molecular Biology & Genetics - Review Packet
Name Date Hour Unit 3 - Molecular Biology & Genetics - Review Packet True / False Questions - Indicate True or False for the following statements. 1. Eye color, hair color and the shape of your ears can
More informationGENETICS UNIT VOCABULARY CHART. Word Definition Word Part Visual/Mnemonic Related Words 1. adenine Nitrogen base, pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil
Word Definition Word Part Visual/Mnemonic Related Words 1. adenine Nitrogen base, pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA 2. allele One or more alternate forms of a gene Example: P = Dominant (purple);
More informationObjective 3.01 (DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis)
Objective 3.01 (DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis) DNA Structure o Discovered by Watson and Crick o Double-stranded o Shape is a double helix (twisted ladder) o Made of chains of nucleotides: o Has four types
More information1. Contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. 2. Single-stranded instead of double stranded. 3. Contains uracil in place of thymine.
Protein Synthesis & Mutations RNA 1. Contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. 2. Single-stranded instead of double stranded. 3. Contains uracil in place of thymine. RNA Contains: 1. Adenine 2.
More informationIntroduction to molecular biology. Mitesh Shrestha
Introduction to molecular biology Mitesh Shrestha Molecular biology: definition Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of
More informationUNIT 5. Protein Synthesis 11/22/16
UNIT 5 Protein Synthesis IV. Transcription (8.4) A. RNA carries DNA s instruction 1. Francis Crick defined the central dogma of molecular biology a. Replication copies DNA b. Transcription converts DNA
More informationDefine: Alleles. Define: Chromosome. In DNA and RNA, molecules called bases pair up in certain ways.
Alleles Chromosome In DNA and RNA, molecules called bases pair up in certain ways. How do the bases A, C, G, T, and U match up in DNA? How about RNA? Summarize the cell process called protein synthesis!
More informationClass 10 Heredity and Evolution CBSE Solved Test paper-1
Class 10 Heredity and Evolution CBSE Solved Test paper-1 Q.1.What is heredity? Ans : Heredity refers to the transmission of characters or traits from the parents to their offspring. Q.2. Name the plant
More informationCampbell Essential Biology, 5e (Simon/Yeh) Chapter 1 Introduction: Biology Today. Multiple-Choice Questions
Campbell Essential Biology, 5e (Simon/Yeh) Chapter 1 Introduction: Biology Today Multiple-Choice Questions 1) In what way(s) is the science of biology influencing and changing our culture? A) by helping
More informationDNA Structure and Function
DNA Structure and Function Nucleotide Structure 1. 5-C sugar RNA ribose DNA deoxyribose 2. Nitrogenous Base N attaches to 1 C of sugar Double or single ring Four Bases Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
More informationBiology Kevin Dees. Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Reproduction Characteristic of all living things Reproduction also involves the transmission of traits from one generation to the next; inheritance Heredity Latin
More informationChapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles. Reproduction
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Reproduction Characteristic of all living things Reproduction also involves the transmission of traits from one generation to the next; inheritance Heredity Latin
More informationInterphase & Cell Division
1 Interphase & Cell Division 2 G1 = cell grows and carries out its normal job. S phase = DNA is copied (replicated/duplicated) G2 = Cell prepares for division 3 During mitosis, the nuclear membrane breaks
More informationChapter 1: Biology Today
General Biology Chapter 1: Biology Today Introduction Dr. Jeffrey P. Thompson Text: Essential Biology Biology Is All Around US! What is Biology? The study of life bio- meaning life; -ology meaning study
More informationEVOLUTION ALGEBRA Hartl-Clark and Ayala-Kiger
EVOLUTION ALGEBRA Hartl-Clark and Ayala-Kiger Freshman Seminar University of California, Irvine Bernard Russo University of California, Irvine Winter 2015 Bernard Russo (UCI) EVOLUTION ALGEBRA 1 / 10 Hartl
More informationSugars, such as glucose or fructose are the basic building blocks of more complex carbohydrates. Which of the following
Name: Score: / Quiz 2 on Lectures 3 &4 Part 1 Sugars, such as glucose or fructose are the basic building blocks of more complex carbohydrates. Which of the following foods is not a significant source of
More informationDNA THE CODE OF LIFE 05 JULY 2014
LIFE SIENES N THE OE OF LIFE 05 JULY 2014 Lesson escription In this lesson we nswer questions on: o N, RN and Protein synthesis o The processes of mitosis and meiosis o omparison of the processes of meiosis
More informationHonors Biology Fall Final Exam Study Guide
Honors Biology Fall Final Exam Study Guide Helpful Information: Exam has 100 multiple choice questions. Be ready with pencils and a four-function calculator on the day of the test. Review ALL vocabulary,
More informationCHAPTER 13 MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES. Section A: An Introduction to Heredity
CHAPTER 13 MEIOSIS AND SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES Section A: An Introduction to Heredity 1. Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes 2. Like begets like, more or less: a comparison of asexual
More informationLesson 4: Understanding Genetics
Lesson 4: Understanding Genetics 1 Terms Alleles Chromosome Co dominance Crossover Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Dominant Genetic code Genome Genotype Heredity Heritability Heritability estimate Heterozygous
More informationThe facts about cells
The facts about cells By Regina Bailey, ThoughtCo.com on 10.18.17 Word Count 867 Level MAX An illustration of cells. Photo from Pixabay. Cells are the fundamental units of life. Whether they be unicellular
More informationThe topics in this unit are:
The topics in this unit are: 1 Cells 2 Inside the cell 3 Mitosis 4 Meiosis 5 DNA and growth 6 mrna 7 Stem cells 8 Uses of stem cells 9 Therapeutic cloning 10 - Growth in plants 11 Meristems 12 Cuttings
More informationBSC 1010C Biology I. Themes in the Study of Life Chapter 1
BSC 1010C Biology I Themes in the Study of Life Chapter 1 Objectives Distinguish among the three domains of life. Distinguish between the Levels of Biological Organization. Note the differences in the
More informationCCHS 2015_2016 Biology Fall Semester Exam Review
Biomolecule General Knowledge Macromolecule Monomer (building block) Function Energy Storage Structure 1. What type of biomolecule is hair, skin, and nails? 2. What is the polymer of a nucleotide? 3. Which
More information2. Cellular and Molecular Biology
2. Cellular and Molecular Biology 2.1 Cell Structure 2.2 Transport Across Cell Membranes 2.3 Cellular Metabolism 2.4 DNA Replication 2.5 Cell Division 2.6 Biosynthesis 2.1 Cell Structure What is a cell?
More informationGuided Reading Chapter 1: The Science of Heredity
Name Number Date Guided Reading Chapter 1: The Science of Heredity Section 1-1: Mendel s Work 1. Gregor Mendel experimented with hundreds of pea plants to understand the process of _. Match the term with
More informationEvolutionary change. Evolution and Diversity. Two British naturalists, one revolutionary idea. Darwin observed organisms in many environments
Evolutionary change Evolution and Diversity Ch 13 How populations evolve Organisms change over time In baby steps Species (including humans) are descended from other species Two British naturalists, one
More informationCh. 13 Meiosis & Sexual Life Cycles
Introduction Ch. 13 Meiosis & Sexual Life Cycles 2004-05 Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. -Offspring resemble their parents more than they do less closely
More informationBiology 2018 Final Review. Miller and Levine
Biology 2018 Final Review Miller and Levine bones blood cells elements All living things are made up of. cells If a cell of an organism contains a nucleus, the organism is a(n). eukaryote prokaryote plant
More informationTexas Biology Standards Review. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 26 A T
2.B.6. 1 Which of the following statements best describes the structure of DN? wo strands of proteins are held together by sugar molecules, nitrogen bases, and phosphate groups. B wo strands composed of
More informationScience Unit Learning Summary
Learning Summary Inheritance, variation and evolution Content Sexual and asexual reproduction. Meiosis leads to non-identical cells being formed while mitosis leads to identical cells being formed. In
More information2. What is meiosis? The process of forming gametes (sperm and egg) 4. Where does meiosis take place? Ovaries- eggs and testicles- sperm
Name KEY Period Biology Review Standard 3 Main Idea Explain the significance of meiosis and fertilization in genetic variation. How I can demonstrate what a smart. Person I am 1. What is fertilization?
More informationScience 9 Unit 1 Practice Test - KEY
Science 9 Unit 1 Practice est - KEY I. Multiple Choice Choose the best answer. Julie is interested in becoming an evolutionary biologist. he following questions relate to some of the issues she will face
More informationIntroduction to Molecular and Cell Biology
Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology Molecular biology seeks to understand the physical and chemical basis of life. and helps us answer the following? What is the molecular basis of disease? What
More informationCampbell Essential Biology, 4/e (Simon/Reece/Dickey)
Campbell Essential Biology, 4/e (Simon/Reece/Dickey) Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Using the branching tree of life for
More informationChapter 17. From Gene to Protein. Biology Kevin Dees
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein DNA The information molecule Sequences of bases is a code DNA organized in to chromosomes Chromosomes are organized into genes What do the genes actually say??? Reflecting
More informationAQA Biology A-level. relationships between organisms. Notes.
AQA Biology A-level Topic 4: Genetic information, variation and relationships between organisms Notes DNA, genes and chromosomes Both DNA and RNA carry information, for instance DNA holds genetic information
More information2012 Univ Aguilera Lecture. Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology
2012 Univ. 1301 Aguilera Lecture Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology Molecular biology seeks to understand the physical and chemical basis of life. and helps us answer the following? What is the
More informationLab 2A--Life on Earth
Lab 2A--Life on Earth Geology 1402 Chapters 3 & 7 in the textbook 1 A comment Many people including professional scientist are skeptical of evolution or outright reject it. I am not attempting to change
More informationBIOLOGY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC
BIOLOGY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THAT THE FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES OF ALL LIVING THINGS DEPEND ON A VARIETY OF SPECIALIZED CELL STRUCTURES AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES. First Semester Benchmarks:
More informationBio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007
Bio 1B Lecture Outline (please print and bring along) Fall, 2007 B.D. Mishler, Dept. of Integrative Biology 2-6810, bmishler@berkeley.edu Evolution lecture #5 -- Molecular genetics and molecular evolution
More informationShort Answers Worksheet Grade 6
Short Answers Worksheet Grade 6 Short Answer 1. What is the role of the nucleolus? 2. What are the two different kinds of endoplasmic reticulum? 3. Name three cell parts that help defend the cell against
More informationAP Biology Essential Knowledge Cards BIG IDEA 1
AP Biology Essential Knowledge Cards BIG IDEA 1 Essential knowledge 1.A.1: Natural selection is a major mechanism of evolution. Essential knowledge 1.A.4: Biological evolution is supported by scientific
More information4. Identify one bird that would most likely compete for food with the large tree finch. Support your answer. [1]
Name: Topic 5B 1. A hawk has a genetic trait that gives it much better eyesight than other hawks of the same species in the same area. Explain how this could lead to evolutionary change within this species
More informationBig Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes.
Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes. Enduring understanding 3.A: Heritable information provides for continuity of life. Essential
More informationBiology I Level - 2nd Semester Final Review
Biology I Level - 2nd Semester Final Review The 2 nd Semester Final encompasses all material that was discussed during second semester. It s important that you review ALL notes and worksheets from the
More information2. The following molecules are considered polymers except Mark all that apply a. Starch b. DNA c. Proteins d. Lipids e. Salt
Life s Major Molecules 1. Which is an organic molecule? a. Ne b. O2 c. CH4 d. NaCl e. H2O 2. The following molecules are considered polymers except Mark all that apply a. Starch b. DNA c. Proteins d. Lipids
More informationTHINGS I NEED TO KNOW:
THINGS I NEED TO KNOW: 1. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is surrounded by a membrane. Both types of cells have ribosomes. Some
More informationCharacteristics of Life
Characteristics of Life All living things share some basic characteristics: 1. Organization 2. Movement 3. Made up of cells 4. Reproduce 5. Grow and / or develop 6. Obtain and use energy 7. Respond to
More informationLadies and Gentlemen.. The King of Rock and Roll
Ladies and Gentlemen.. The King of Rock and Roll Learning Objectives: The student is able to construct an explanation, using visual representations or narratives, as to how DNA in chromosomes is transmitted
More informationBasic Biology. Content Skills Learning Targets Assessment Resources & Technology
Teacher: Lynn Dahring Basic Biology August 2014 Basic Biology CEQ (tri 1) 1. What are the parts of the biological scientific process? 2. What are the essential molecules and elements in living organisms?
More informationName: Date: Hour: Unit Four: Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis. Monomer Polymer Example Drawing Function in a cell DNA
Unit Four: Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis I. Concept Review A. Why is carbon often called the building block of life? B. List the four major macromolecules. C. Complete the chart below. Monomer Polymer
More informationStudy of Biology. copyright cmassengale
Study of Biology 1 What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals 2 All Living Things Share
More informationThe Cell Cycle and Cell Division
The Cell Cycle and Cell Division «The cell cycle is a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division. The cell cycle has four main stages. «The main stages of the cell cycle are G1 (gap
More informationDirected Reading B continued
Directed Reading B continued 26. What is one example of a mutation that produces a harmful trait? 27. What kinds of traits are produced by most mutations? 28. What happens to a gene if a mutation occurs
More informationBME 5742 Biosystems Modeling and Control
BME 5742 Biosystems Modeling and Control Lecture 24 Unregulated Gene Expression Model Dr. Zvi Roth (FAU) 1 The genetic material inside a cell, encoded in its DNA, governs the response of a cell to various
More informationCCHS 2016_2017 Biology Fall Semester Exam Review
CCHS 2016_2017 Biology Fall Semester Exam Review Biomolecule General Knowledge Macromolecule Monomer (building block) Function Structure 1. What type of biomolecule is hair, skin, and nails? Energy Storage
More informationStudents: Model the processes involved in cell replication, including but not limited to: Mitosis and meiosis
1. Cell Division Students: Model the processes involved in cell replication, including but not limited to: Mitosis and meiosis Mitosis Cell division is the process that cells undergo in order to form new
More informationEnduring understanding 1.A: Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time is evolution.
The AP Biology course is designed to enable you to develop advanced inquiry and reasoning skills, such as designing a plan for collecting data, analyzing data, applying mathematical routines, and connecting
More information5. As compared to the human sperm cell, the human egg cell contains more... a) cytoplasm c) centrosomes b) mitochondria d) chromosomes
BIOLOGY - 3201. Quiz: Cell Reproduction. NAME : Multiple Choice. (1% each) 1. Which of the following is NOT true of mitotic cell division? a) It involves nuclear division. b) It involves division of the
More informationGuided Notes Unit 4: Cellular Reproduction
Name: Date: Block: Chapter 5: Cell Growth and Division I. Background Guided Notes Unit 4: Cellular Reproduction a. "Where a cell exists, there must have been a preexisting cell..." - Rudolf Virchow b.
More informationUnit A: Biodiversity Science 9 Study Guide
Unit A: Biodiversity Science 9 Study Guide 1. Describe the variety of biological species on the earth Life exists on our planet in many forms. Biologists have identified over 1.5 million species of animals,
More informationThe Science of Biology. Chapter 1
The Science of Biology Chapter 1 Properties of Life Living organisms: are composed of cells are complex and ordered respond to their environment can grow and reproduce obtain and use energy maintain internal
More informationChapter Chemical Uniqueness 1/23/2009. The Uses of Principles. Zoology: the Study of Animal Life. Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.1 Chapter 1 Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology BIO 2402 General Zoology Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. The Uses of
More informationFINAL VERSION_ Secondary Preservice Teacher Standards -- Life Science AFK12SE/NGSS Strand Disciplinary Core Idea
Secondary Preservice Teacher Standards -- Life Science AFK12SE/NGSS Strand Disciplinary Core Idea LS1: From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes LS1.A: Structure and Function How do the structures
More informationGuided Notes: Evolution. is the change in traits through generations over! Occurs in, NOT individual organisms
Guided Notes: Evolution The Theory of Evolution is the change in traits through generations over! Occurs in, NOT individual organisms How Have Organisms Changed? At the time life emerged, the Earth was
More informationBiology EOC Review Study Questions
Biology EOC Review Study Questions Microscopes and Characteristics of Life 1. How do you calculate total magnification on a compound light microscope? 2. What is the basic building block of all living
More informationCell Growth and Genetics
Cell Growth and Genetics Cell Division (Mitosis) Cell division results in two identical daughter cells. The process of cell divisions occurs in three parts: Interphase - duplication of chromosomes and
More informationEVOLUTION ALGEBRA. Freshman Seminar University of California, Irvine. Bernard Russo. University of California, Irvine. Winter 2015
EVOLUTION ALGEBRA Freshman Seminar University of California, Irvine Bernard Russo University of California, Irvine Winter 2015 Bernard Russo (UCI) EVOLUTION ALGEBRA 1 / 15 Understanding Genetics The study
More informationWhat Is a Cell? What Defines a Cell? Figure 1: Transport proteins in the cell membrane
What Is a Cell? Trees in a forest, fish in a river, horseflies on a farm, lemurs in the jungle, reeds in a pond, worms in the soil all these plants and animals are made of the building blocks we call cells.
More informationEssential knowledge 1.A.2: Natural selection
Appendix C AP Biology Concepts at a Glance Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Enduring understanding 1.A: Change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
More informationA A A A B B1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR EACH BIG IDEA WITH ASSOCIATED SCIENCE PRACTICES AND ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE Learning Objectives will be the target for AP Biology exam questions Learning Objectives Sci Prac Es Knowl
More informationMEIOSIS C H A P T E R 1 3
MEIOSIS CHAPTER 13 CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY DNA RNA Protein OFFSPRING ACQUIRE GENES FROM PARENTS Genes are segments of DNA that program specific traits. Genetic info is transmitted as specific sequences
More informationWHAT DO CELLS DO? CHALLENGE QUESTION. What are the functions of the structures inside of cells?
WHAT DO CELLS DO? CHALLENGE QUESTION What are the functions of the structures inside of cells? WHAT DO CELLS DO? Understanding normal cell structures and their functions help scientists understand how
More informationAIMS REVIEW QUESTIONS Pd
AIMS REVIEW QUESTIONS Name Pd SCIENTIFIC METHOD/INQUIRY 1. Write the steps of the Scientific Method in order: 2. Define the two different types of data: Quantitative- Qualitative- 3. Given the following
More informationUnit 8: EVOLUTION NOTES
Unit 8: EVOLUTION NOTES Canale LE EVOLUTION is the change in gene frequency in a population over time. Generally, organisms change from simple to more complex, and happens over many generations. **Evolution
More informationOhio Tutorials are designed specifically for the Ohio Learning Standards to prepare students for the Ohio State Tests and end-ofcourse
Tutorial Outline Ohio Tutorials are designed specifically for the Ohio Learning Standards to prepare students for the Ohio State Tests and end-ofcourse exams. Biology Tutorials offer targeted instruction,
More informationA.P. Biology Summer Assignment Mr. Moses
A.P. Biology Summer Assignment 2018 - Mr. Moses Below, you will find items that you must cover during the summer. The review packet is designed to give students an understanding of the commitment necessary
More informationLife at Its Many Levels
Slide 1 THE SCOPE OF BIOLOGY Biology is the scientific study of life Slide 2 Life at Its Many Levels Biologists explore life at levels ranging from the biosphere to the molecules that make up cells Slide
More informationEvidence of Species Change
Evidence of Species Change Evidence of Evolution What is evolution? Evolution is change over time Scientific theory of evolution explains how living things descended from earlier organisms Evidence of
More informationComputational Biology: Basics & Interesting Problems
Computational Biology: Basics & Interesting Problems Summary Sources of information Biological concepts: structure & terminology Sequencing Gene finding Protein structure prediction Sources of information
More informationLecture Outline. Defining life by properties of being alive (7)
Lecture Outline Defining life by properties of being alive (7) Order of structural hierarchy levels of the living world Ascending/up & descending/down emergent properties Unifying themes Form and function
More informationBiology Final Review Ch pg Biology is the study of
Biology Final Review Ch. 1 1-3 pg. 17-25 1. Biology is the study of Ch.2 2-3 pg. 45-49 2. All organic compounds contain. 3. Starch is an example of which type of organic compound? 4. What monomers make
More informationReview sheet for Mendelian genetics through human evolution. What organism did Mendel study? What characteristics of this organism did he examine?
Review sheet for Mendelian genetics through human evolution WARNING: I have tried to be complete, but I may have missed something. You are responsible for all the material discussed in class. This is only
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In what way(s) is the science of biology influencing and changing our culture? A) by
More informationScience 9: Unit 1 Quiz Topics 4 8
Science 9: Unit 1 Quiz Topics 4 8 I. Multiple Choice Choose the best answer. Julie is interested in becoming an evolutionary biologist. The following questions relate to some of the issues she will face
More information