PHEOS - Weather, Climate, Air Quality

Transcription

1 Aerosol & cloud remote sensing over the Arctic : perspectives for the PHEMOS and meteorological imager payloads on the PCW mission Norm O Neill, Auromeet Saha, U. de Sherbrooke Chris E. Sioris, Jack McConnell, York U. Randall Martin, Dalhousie U. CMOS conference, Montréal, QC, May 29, PHEOS - Weather, Climate, Air Quality Proposed target species and instruments: Sensor Spectral Range [ m] Spectral Resolution Spatial Resolution [km x km] Selected Species t (nominal scene refresh time) FTS cm cm cm cm x 10 H 2 O, T, CO, O 3, HNO 3, NH 3, CH 4, CO 2, CH4, Aerosols, P s 1 hour UVS nm 6.8 x 8.5 O 3, NO 2, HCHO, BrO, SO 2, Aerosols, 15 minutes May be some adjustments to these bands / resolutions to be fully compliant with configuration required by CSA for example, splitting or limiting NIR band in FTS 1

2 aerosols aerosols Wind, vegetation, aerosols aerosols Nominal scene refresh time 15 minutes Types of aerosol / cloud events we hope to measure 2

3 Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011 (Manney et al., Nature, 2011) From Lindenmaier et al., 2011, Unusually low ozone, HCl, and HNO3 column measurements at Eureka, Canada during winter/spring 2011, ACP, 12, , 2012 Jan 19, 2010 Jan. 19, 2010, DOY 384 3

4 A-band retrievals of AOD and vertical profiles Assuming T ~ 1 OD ~ 2 x 10-3 x 25 sr x 2 km = profile retrievals perform better at high altitudes good for PSC retrievals - PSC height is successfully retrieved for a high surface albedo and a known value of PSC optical depth - PSC optical depth is successfully retrieved with a known profile Volcanic sulphates and /or Ash over the Arctic Plume from the Grimsvotn volcano in Iceland Ash Plume simulation NOAA MAY UTC VISIBLE 0723 to 0729, May. 25, 2011 Resolution of 1 km (similar to the PCW imager) Courtesy of René Servranckx, Montréal VAAC 4

5 High temporal resolution Focus on the space above the black arrows Lake Baikal Fires High temporal resolution 5

6 2110, Feb. 26, 2000 Polar winter Hekla Iceland Volcano - Polar night, Feb. 26, 2000 SO2 burden from the MODIS 8.6 um band (from FTS band 4) Ash from BT differences (BT(11 m) BT(12 m) (from FTS band 4) n1 NTO2 Source; Rose, W. I., et al., The February-March 2000 Eruption of Heka, Iceland from a satellite perspective, Volcanism and the Earth s Atmosphere, Geophysical Monograph 139, /139GM07, Pollution over Alaska from sources in China, Mar. 17, nm attenuate backscatter km-1 sr-1, 13:40 to 1345, Mar. 17, 2011 CALIOP profile MODIS imagery over Alaska Pollution near China 03:55, Mar. 13, 2011 (Aqua/MODIS) CIMSS Satellite Blog, University of Wisconsin NTO1 6

7 Diapositive 11 n1 NTO2 Note what the authors say about a band sensitive to SO2 absorption* (Fig. 3 caption); "The upper left panel shows MODIS band 28 (7.3 μm) data with the volcanic cloud showing brightly this is likely due to SO2 absorption effects which lower the BT." * both the 7.3 and 8.6 um MODIS bands norm2, 10/9/2010 Negative BTD (band 4 minus band 5*) would be indicative of ash dominance over water or ice according to the authors. The authors state that the image of 1945 UT of Feb. 26 was the only time that a negative BTD was observed, during the three days they studied this event. The problem is, and I can't believe they could make such an observation without providing the proof, they refer to Fig. 2 when they talk about values of negative BTD (page 111). But Fig. 2 is clearly BT and not BTD. So one has to take their word for it about negative BTDs because all they show are images of positive BTDs after the first day. * ~ ABI 14 - ABI 15 Norm, 5/28/2012 Diapositive 12 NTO1 Example from Norm, 8/13/2011

8 AOD and AI retrieval MODIS AOD Retrievals at High Latitudes Coincident Comparison for Aaron van Donkelaar 7

9 An important context for AOD retrievals is provide by L1B images fine mode OD Smoke event of April 12 April 12 coarse mode OD total OD PEARL, Eureka, Nunavut AHSRL High backscatter coefficient Low depolarization ratio Smoke particles of sub-micron size 8

10 An important context for AOD retrievals is provide by L1B images Aqua, April 13, 1135 Aqua, April 13, 1130 Eureka AOT retrievals over snow and ice (dual view AATSR) AOT(0.55 m) ) AOT(3.7 m) Istomina, L., Retrieval of aerosol optical thickness over snow and ice surfaces in the Arctic using Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer, Ph.D. thesis, University of Bremen,

11 OMI AI during April 2008 April 12, 2008 OMI is an imaging spectrometer similar to the PHEMOS UVS. OMI spatial resolution is 3 km (binned to 13 x 24 km) Data synergy - Plan for other data sources! 10

12 Aqua, 1425&1430, July 2, 2009 Sarychev Volcano northeast of Alaska A-train orbit track Stratospheric plume 2 Stratospheric plume nm Total Attenuated Backscatter, /km /sr CALIOP (on same A-train track as Aqua) Depolarization ratio EarthCARE High Spectral Resolution Lidar Two such high performance Arctic lidars at Eureka and Barrow NHSRL, Barrow 11

13 CALIOP SOD Conclusions - aerosol and cloud remote sensing from PEMOS and PCW imager Arctic movies will be an important and unique analysis tool o A-band spectrometer will provide ODs and profile info o UVS and PCW-imager will provide L1B imagery and hopefully, aerosol products o unprecedented monitoring of Arctic Haze, smoke, volcanic emissions, PSCs, etc. o synergism with other data sources will be fascinating 12