SACS & SACS2 an overview and recent developments
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1 SACS & SACS2 an overview and recent developments L. Clarisse (1), N. Theys (2), H. Brenot (2), J. van Gent (2), R. van der A (4), P. Valks (5), M. Van Roozendael (2), D. Hurtmans (1), P.-F. Coheur (1), C. Clerbaux (1,3) (1) BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium. (2) ULB, Brussels, Belgium. (3) LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France. (5) DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. (4) KNMI, De Bilt, The Netherlands. KNMI, L. Clarisse - The Support to Aviation Control Service, an overview and recent developments 2nd IUGG-WMO workshop on Ash dispersal forecast and civil aviation World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Nov , 2013
2 The objective of SACS is with respect to volcanic SO 2 and ash.: 1. Deliver in near-real time space observations 2. Provide near-real time notifications ( and webbased) 3. Provide access to archive data >> Useful for operational and research applications SACS first phase (TEMIS, PROMOTE) SCIAMACHY, OMI, GOME-2 UV-visible sat. sounders SACS second phase SCIAMACHY, OMI, GOME-2 UV-visible IASI, AIRS Infrared SACS2 As of April 2012: Multi-sensors warning system SCIAMACHY, OMI, GOME-2 (A&B) IASI (A&B), MODIS Improved SO 2 and ash products
3 Satellite data New products Instruments Data type Data availability Overpass time Resol. (km²) Participants Data products SCIAMACHY UV/visible 2004/04 10:00 30x60 BIRA SO 2 vertical columns (ENVISAT) 2012/04 KNMI absorbing aerosol index GOME-2 UV/visible 2007/01 09:30 40x80 DLR SO 2 vertical columns (MetOp-A) present /40x40 BIRA KNMI SO 2 plume height absorbing aerosol index GOME-2 (MetOp-B) UV/visible 2012/12 present 09:00 40x80 DLR KNMI SO 2 vertical columns absorbing aerosol index OMI (Aura) UV/visible 2004/09 present 13:30 13x24 KNMI SO 2 vertical columns absorbing aerosol index IASI (MetOp-A) Infrared 2007/10 present 09:30 21:30 12x12 ULB SO 2 index and columns ash indicator IASI (MetOp-B) Infrared 2013/01 present 09:00 21:00 12x12 ULB SO 2 index and columns ash indicator AIRS Infrared 2002/09 01:30 15x15 NILU SO 2 columns (Aqua) present 13:30 ULB ash indicator
4 data sounder period region
5 Grímsvötn eruption May 2011 (Iceland)
6 Aerosol/Ash products Grímsvötn eruption May 2011 (Iceland)
7 Main features Multi-sensors SO 2 notification system SO 2 -based notification system. One is sent per 12 hours and per 30 x30 predefined region (first instrument to detect SO 2 ). System optimized to avoid false notifications (e.g., anthropogenic SO 2 ) success rate: >95% After a notification, all other warnings (confirmation during the next 12h) are available through the webpage.
8 Bezymianny eruption November 2012 SO 2 notification service
9 Improvements within the SACS 2 project 1. IASI-AIRS ash based alert system in SACS 2. Development of a fast IASI ash retrieval 3. Development of a fast IASI SO2 altitude product 4. Development of an improved OMI SO2 product
10 1. IASI-AIRS ash based alert system in SACS Ice crystals Volcanic Ash Sand Smoke Ammonium Sulphate Sulphate droplets
11 1. IASI-AIRS ash based alert system in SACS
12 1. IASI-AIRS ash based alert system in SACS
13 1. IASI-AIRS ash based alert system in SACS
14 Number of confident alerts 1. IASI-AIRS ash based alert system in SACS Some stats on ASH SACS 5/6 years ~ high confidence detections; ~ 400 days with detectable ash (note pixelsize >100 km 2 ) ~ IASI vs AIRS very consistent ~ no major eruptions missed (but compromise on sensitivity) ~ smaller puffs are regulary missed >> Expansion of SACS with «mineral product» ~ 3 false detections per year, alert system around 99% accuracy IASI AIRS 2008 Chaiten Puyehue 2012 Kasatochi Eyja Kirishima Sarychev Merapi Puyehue Okmok Popacatepl J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND J FMAM J J A SOND
15 Lookup table approach 2. Development of a fast IASI ash retrieval - On a representative atmosphere, build a lookuptable with varying Altitude Radius Optical depth (mass) «Surface» temperature (baseline temperature) >>> radius, optical depth, mass and altitude +++ uncertainties!
16 Mass (g/m 2 ) Altitude (km) R e 8 t r i e v a l s Effective Radius ( m) Mass (g/m 2 ) Altitude (km) U n c 2.5e r t a i n t 2.5i e s Effective Radius ( m)
17 Mass (g/m 2 ) Altitude (km) R e 8 t r i e v a l s Effective Radius ( m) Mass (g/m 2 ) Altitude (km) U n c 0.8e r t a i n t 0.4i e s Effective Radius ( m)
18 Aircraft comparison Earlinet groundbased AOD comparison 2. Development of a fast IASI ash retrieval Validation by Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
19 3. Development of a fast IASI SO2 altitude product Walker et al (2011) sensitive detection Carboni et al (2012) height - fitting approach Jacobians to changing SO2 at different altitudes Fast retrieval approach? Detection + height in one 25 km 20 km Spectral feedback function K K i i S S 1 1 L K T i 15 km km 25 5 km 20 2 km Wavenumber (cm -1 )
20 Test case 5: Nabro 16 June m 9-13km km 8-12 km Theys et al, ACP, 2013 Error ~1 km
21 Test case 5: Nabro 16 June & km 8-12 km
22 17 km 9-12 km Perfect match!
23
24
25 4. Development of an improved OMI SO2 product 3 step retrieval: 1. DOAS fit (3 spectral windows) 2. Background correction 3. Air mass factors Improved results : 1. noise level + several artifacts 2. extreme cases (>250 DU) 3. small columns 1. OMI (3 step retrieval; N. Theys) 1. OMI (NASA Linear Fit algorithm; Yang et al., 2007) Courtesy Nicolas Theys
26 Courtesy Nicolas Theys
27 Courtesy AM Nicolas Theys PM
28 Courtesy Nicolas Theys
29 Conclusions SACS 2 Product developments The objective of SACS is with respect to volcanic SO 2 and ash.: 1. Deliver in near-real time space observations IASI/AIRS/OMI/GOME2 2. Provide near-real time notifications ( and webbased) 3. Provide access to archive data >> Useful for operational and research applications Recent improved and expanded products: 1. IASI and AIRS ash detection (including alert system) 2. Development of a fast ash retrieval algorithm for IASI 3. Development of a fast and accurate IASI SO 2 altitude product 4. Development of a new OMI SO 2 product
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