A new perspective on aerosol direct radiative effects in South Atlantic and Southern Africa
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1 A new perspective on aerosol direct radiative effects in South Atlantic and Southern Africa Ian Chang and Sundar A. Christopher Department of Atmospheric Science University of Alabama in Huntsville, U.S.A. 97th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting 25 January 2017 This research is supported by NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship and NASA CALIPSO Program
2 Field experiments Outline Motivation Data and methods Results Summary S. Atlantic Africa Zuidema et al. 2016, BAMS Biomass burning in Southern Africa aerosol/safari.html
3 oradiative effects of aerosol above cloud differ in magnitude and sign when compared to cloudfree cases. Background-aerosol =Negative radiative effect Motivation Top of Atmosphere Cloud Properties Aerosol Properties Surface properties Background-aerosol =Positive radiative effect ocurrent satellite aerosol product still deficient for providing global picture of aerosols above all surfaces. Ocean Land
4 Objectives To develop an algorithm to retrieve aerosol properties above different scenes (clouds, ocean, land) using MODIS multispectral sensor. To estimate the combined direct radiative effects of all scenes using radiative transfer calculations.
5 Objectives: 4 scenes in a case study MODIS-Terra on 25 August 2016 Aerosol: Over ocean 2 1 Walvis Bay 2. Over land 3. Above cloud (ocean) 4. Above cloud (Land)
6 Nighttime 532nm Total Attenuated Backscatter Aerosol cluster AOD retrieval and DRE calculations within elevated aerosol clusters Daytime 532nm Total Attenuated Backscatter Aerosol cluster
7 Cloud only Spectral signatures Aerosol above cloud (ocean)
8 1. Scene Identification CALIOP (aerosol) OMI Aerosol Index MODIS (cloud, aerosol, surface type) Pixel heterogeneity Data and Methods 2. Input Radiance Solar zenith angles View zenith angles Relative azimuth angles Spectral surface albedo (land only) Aerosol properties 3. Look-up table AOD COD Cloud effective radius (ocean only) Aerosol properties Supplementary data information Radiative Transfer Model CALIOP L2 (night and day): Aerosol clusters (>50km) OMI Aerosol index AOD (MOD04_3K) in cloud-free conditions COD>4, cloud fraction=1 (MOD06) Visible spectral surface albedo (MCD43C) for land SAFARI 2000 aerosol optical properties (SSA 550nm =0.91) 4. Output Instantaneous flux (Wm -2 )
9 Results: AOD retrieval (cloud-free only) cloud-free MODIS true-color
10 Results: More AOD retrieval from 4 scenes cloud-free Cloud-free Above-cloud How do their direct radiative effects differ?
11 Results: Aerosol direct radiative effects (Wm -2 ) Ocean Land Direct radiative effect = Background aerosol Aerosol (cloud-free) Aerosol (above cloud) Wm -2 combined
12 Direct radiative effects depend on sun angle AOD : 0.6 COD : 9.0 Cloud Eff Rad : 12.8 µm SSA (550nm) = o S 15 o E (Chang and Christopher 2017)
13 Conclusions Retrieval for aerosol above 4 major scenes are conducted for SE Atlantic and Southern Africa. Over ocean Over land Above cloud (over ocean) Above cloud (over land) The combined aerosol direct radiative effects are affected by underlying scenes. In-situ measurements are necessary to refine satellite algorithms and reduce uncertainties in radiative transfer calculations.
14 Recent Publications Chang, I. and S. A. Christopher, 2016: Identifying Absorbing Aerosols Above Clouds From the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager Coupled With NASA A-Train Multiple Sensors. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 54, , doi: /tgrs Chang, I. and S. A. Christopher, 2017: The impact of seasonalities on the direct radiative effects and radiative heating rates of absorbing aerosols above clouds. (under
15 SEVIRI cloud optical depth (Aug- Sep 2016) 09Z 15Z Mean cloud optical depth decreases during the day
16
17 MOD04 and this study MOD04 cloud-free Cloud-free Above-cloud
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