The MODIS Cloud Data Record
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1 The MODIS Cloud Data Record Brent C. Maddux 1,2 Steve Platnick 3, Steven A. Ackerman 1 Paul Menzel 1, Kathy Strabala 1, Richard Frey 1, 1 Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, 2 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences U of Wisconsin 3 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 4 th GEWEX cloud assessment meeting, June 2010, Berlin
2 Overview Cloud Fraction and Cloud Top Pressure Overview Trend? Aqua/Terra difference MODIS Considerations and Biases View Angle Surface Type Other Cloud Fractions from MODIS? Averaging games Some Prelim Comparisons
3 Global Means CF Aqua 7 Year Mean Day time Cloud Fraction Coast lines evident Differences where expected: maritime stratocumulus decks, SH land, etc. CF Terra 9 Year Mean
4 Global Means Collection 5 Data Collection 6 will come soon higher CTP improved sfc 1 km CTP 36 spectral bands 10:30 am/pm Terra 1:30 am/pm Aqua CTP Aqua Nighttime CTP Aqua Daytime CTP: 4 CO 2 bands plus 10μm Cloud Top Temperature and Pressure are linearly related will skip CTT
5 CF daytime decadal change.35% Trend is not significant Would need a 14 year record with this trend If pre 2003 data is removed no trend at all Aqua and Terra agree very well Terra until recently was slightly higher than Aqua
6 Daily Zonal Hovmoller: Terra Daytime Cloud Top Pressure Anomaly hpa
7 Cloud Fraction Day Difference for 7 yrs (Aqua minus Terra) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC.3 0
8 View Angle Biases Single Day in the MODIS Orbit Geostationary like view Terra Daytime Cloud Fraction 16 day orbit procession U Shape at edges of convection and cloudy regions See through holes in clouds or through thin high clouds near nadir Most other data sets show similar characteristics
9 Daytime Cloud Fraction Mean Differences not uniform Nadir to 10 Largest differences not where thin high clouds exist Nadir to 10 minus 60 and greater 60 to edge of scan
10 Cloud Fraction vs Viewing Angle 7 years of Aqua and Terra Cloud Fraction vs Sensor Zenith Angle 16% increase from near nadir to edge of scan View angle effect not constant for all cloud types Sensor Zenith Angle
11 Nadir vs Edge of Scan Near Nadir Cloud Fraction (%) Near Edge of Scan Changes are not uniform Cloud Top Pressure (hpa) Largest changes in CF aren t the same as largest changes in optical properties Cloud Effective Radius Ice 900 (μm) Cloud Effective Radius Liquid (μm) Cloud Optical Depth Ice Cloud Optical Depth Liquid Maddux, B. C., S. A. Ackerman, and S. Platnick, 2010: View Geometry Dependencies in MODIS Cloud Products, J. Tech A, Accepted
12 Cloud Fraction Difference Due to Sensor Zenith Angle Mean Cloud Fraction Cloud Fraction Difference Day of year Cloud Fraction Mean for High (Red) and Low (Blue) Sensor Zenith Angle Day of year
13 Active vs. Passive Surface Type MODIS vs Calipso for 2 years of data over Arctic
14 Active vs. Passive Day MODIS Calipso MODIS Calipso MODIS vs Calipso for 2 years of data over Arctic Large bias at night over ice assuming Calipso is truth 21% error in CF translates to a trend error of 2.6%/decade Night MODIS Calipso MODIS Calipso Liu, Y., S. Ackerman, B. Maddux, J. Key, and R. Frey, 2010: Errors in cloud detection over the Arctic using a satellite imager and implications for observing feedback mechanisms, J. Climate, 23(7),
15 Who sees a cloud? Cloud Fraction Retrieval Fraction Comparison to other cloud datasets (applesto apples) Place error bars on global mean statistics Quantify cloud variability globally Anomaly Difference Absolute Difference
16 Mean Cloud Fraction Difference (MOD35 MOD06) (%) MOD06 cloud fraction is a quality assured subset of MOD35 to retrieve better cloud optical properties
17 Mean Cloud Fraction Difference in Percent (MOD35 MOD06)/MOD (%) Differences are due to the QA stuff (clear sky restoral and cloud edges, thin clouds, and surfaces influences).
18 CTP (red all cloud) and CTP where OD retrieved (blue) histogram COD, Re, and WP are blue CTP and CF are red % of Clouds at Pressure Level
19 Grid Cell Size and Swath Overlap More mid level cloud at high latitudes But temporal averaging puts high and low clouds together from multiple swaths EQ Latitudes Included
20 Grid Cell Size and Swath Overlap 21% of mid level clouds in a 1x1 degree grid cell are mid level clouds Cloud Top Pressure Histogram High Cloud <400 hpa Mid Cloud >400 and <700 hpa Low Cloud >700 hpa
21 Pixel vs Area Weighting Not a uniform offset MODIS Terra Cloud Fraction Area (Red) and Pixel (Blue) Doesn t change long term mean (.2%) Polar regions oscillate opposite mid latitudes
22 High Cloud Fraction MODIS vs Calipso 1 degree grid cell averaged does not work for Calipso comparison
23 High Cloud Fraction MODIS vs Calipso 10 degree averages are lot better?
24 High Cloud Fraction MODIS vs Calipso 10 degree colored by Latitude
25 ISCCP vs MODIS colored by Calipso 10 degree ISCCP vs MODIS High Latitude ISCCP disagrees with MODIS and Calipso
26 MODIS CODH vs MODIS CF Colored by MODIS minus Calipso CF
27 Conclusions MODIS Annual Cycle: 2.1% Decadal Change:.35% Aqua Terra Difference: <2% Local Surface Type Biases: 40% Local View Angle Bias: 60% (globally 16% or 4%)
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