CATS GSFC TEAM Matt McGill, John Yorks, Stan Scott, Stephen Palm, Dennis Hlavka, William Hart, Ed Nowottnick, Patrick Selmer, Andrew Kupchock
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1 The Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) CATS GSFC TEAM Matt McGill, John Yorks, Stan Scott, Stephen Palm, Dennis Hlavka, William Hart, Ed Nowottnick, Patrick Selmer, Andrew Kupchock CATS LaRC Team Chip Trepte, Mark Vaughan, Sharon Rodier, Tim Murray, Mike Jensen NASA GEOS-5 Collaborators Peter Colarco, Arlindo da Silva, Virginie Buchard-Marchant
2 What is CATS? CATS is a lidar built at NASA GSFC designed for use on the International Space Station (ISS) CATS is not a typical NASA satellite mission NOT a flight mission it is an attached payload launched as cargo NOT driven by science measurements/requirements Build-to-cost/build-to-schedule Intended to operate on-orbit for at least 6 months, up to 3 years Designed for in-space technology demonstration for future satellite missions and build-to-cost project development Designed to operate in 1 of 3 main science modes to meet mission goals CALIPSO-like multi-beam mode High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) mode UV (355 nm) technology demonstration mode
3 ISS Utilization ISS provides a low-cost platform for earth science capabilities CATS installed on the Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) Orbit is a 51 o inclination orbit at an altitude of about 405 km Comprehensive coverage of tropics and mid-latitudes Permits study of diurnal changes in clouds/aerosols Japanese Experiment Module-Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) on the International Space Station (ISS)
4 CATS Instrument CATS employs 2 high repetition rate lasers One operates at 532, 1064 nm Second is seeded to provide narrow linewidth for HSRL measurements and frequencytripled for use at 355 nm CATS has a 60 cm beryllium telescope with narrow field-of-view (FOV) 4 instantaneous fields of view (IFOV) 0.5 degree off-nadir view angle Primary Power Supply Other Detector Boxes HSRL Detector Box Payload Interface Unit (PIU) Laser 1 Telescope Cover Telescope
5 Science Goals 1. Extend global climate record of lidar data s Launched 2006 Using 2nd laser since 2009 (~2.5 year life) Bridge data gap between CALIPSO/EarthCARE HSRL likely to launch in 2017? ACE Spacebased mission launch 2020s Launch early month requirement 3 year goal
6 Science Goals 2. Technology demonstration for future space-based lidar missions Demonstrate HSRL retrievals and 355 nm data for future mission development Laser Technology Demo: high repetition rate, injection seeding (HSRL), and wavelength tripling (355 nm) 3. Improve operational aerosol forecasting programs and observations of aerosol type Provide near-real-time cloud/aerosol data Improve strategic and hazard warning capabilities in near-real-time (dust storms, volcanic eruptions) Data assimilation (within 6 hours) Utilize CATS science modes for enhanced aerosol typing
7 Planned Modes of Operation Mode 1: Multi-Beam Mode 2: HSRL Demo Mode 3: UV Demo Backscatter: 532, 1064 nm No HSRL Depolarization: 532, 1064 nm Backscatter: 532, 1064 nm HSRL: 532 nm Depolarization: 1064 nm Backscatter: 355, 532, 1064 nm No HSRL Depolarization: 532, 1064 nm -0.5 o +0.5 o 405 km 405 km 405 km m diameter m diameter m diameter RFOV 7 km LFOV FFOV AFOV
8 Backscatter: 532, 1064 nm No HSRL Depolarization: 532, 1064 nm CATS Modes of Operation Mode 1: Multi-Beam Mode 2: HSRL Demo Mode 3: UV Demo Backscatter: 532, 1064 nm HSRL: 532 nm Depolarization: 1064 nm Backscatter: 355, 532, 1064 nm No HSRL Depolarization: 532, 1064 nm -0.5 o +0.5 o 405 km 405 km 405 km m diameter m diameter m diameter RFOV 7 km LFOV FFOV AFOV Semi-continuous operation: Feb. 10 Mar. 21 Failure: under investigation Semi-continuous operation: Mar. 25 Present Future Mode of Operation Failure in laser optics No data available
9 CATS Timeline What s happened: Jan 10: CATS launched on SpaceX5 Jan 22: Installed to JEM-EF Feb 5: First light with laser 1 Feb 10: First continuous 24-hr operation Mar 25: Began laser 2 operations Jun 12: First browse images on CATS website Jun 12: First L1B files available (Mode 1) *Laser 1: over 13 billion shots, 730+ hours *Laser 2: over 14 billion shots, 800 hours CATS! What s next: Jul 1: Begin outputting near real time (NRT) files (Mode 2) Mid Summer: Release Mode 1 Level 2 and Mode 2 L1b data
10 Calbuco Eruption: April 2015 Dispersed Plumes
11 Calbuco Eruption: April 2015 Dispersed Plumes
12 Siberian Fires: 14 April 2015 Chita Smoke
13 Siberian Fires: 14 April 2015 Chita Smoke
14 Arabian Dust Storm: 2 April 2015 Dubai
15 Arabian Dust Storm: 2 April 2015 Dubai
16 L1B Data Products Mode 1 L/R FOV 532 nm Attn. Tot. Backscatter km -1 sr -1 L/R FOV 532 nm Volume Depolarization Ratio L/R FOV 1064 nm Attn. Tot. Backscatter km -1 sr meter horizontal, 60 meter vertical resolution L/R FOV 1064 nm Volume Depolarization Ratio
17 L1B Data Products Mode 2 FFOV 532/1064 nm Attn. Tot. Backscatter km -1 sr nm Volume Depolarization Ratio 350 meter horizontal, 60 meter vertical resolution
18 Level 2 Data Products - Layer location - Attenuated Total Backscatter (layer & profile) - Vol. Depolarization Ratio (layer & profile) - Feature Type Operational VFM Mode 1 (February 10 March 21): - Expected release in August, Enhanced aerosol typing From Burton et al., 2012 Mode 2 (March 25 Present): - NRT Cloud/Aerosol Typing (within 6 hours) Ice Cloud Water Cloud Aerosol - Feature Type Score - Vertical Feature Mask - Lidar Ratio - Extinction/AOD CATS L1B data processed through CALIPSO L2 algorithms by LaRC to keep continuity in lidar climate record Identical to CALIPSO L2 products Release in July 2015 Only available for Mode 1 data Dust Heritage VFM Polluted Dust Smoke Marine - CALIOP like VFM, but with information from NASA GEOS-5 model (Nowottnick et al., 2015)
19 Getting the Data
20 Getting the Data
21 Getting the Data
22 Getting the Data
23 Conclusions & Future Despite many challenges, CATS has demonstrated the utilization of ISS for earth science measurements by providing lidar observations from space. CATS will continue to demonstrate high-rep rate, photon counting detection for future missions and can be used to fill in diurnal gaps of CALIOP measurements. Mode 1 L1b data was recently released (6/12/2015) and is now on the web ( Coming later this summer: Mode 2 NRT (within 6 hours) data available through FTP by the end of the month Mode 2 L1b data (7/2015) Mode 1 Level 2 data (8/2015)
24
25 Processing Update: Level 2 Level 2: Vertical Feature Mask and Optical Properties Operational: Heritage: Developed by GSFC with new features spectral depolarization 1064 nm layer finder Combined cloud/aerosol files 2 types: layer and profile Resolution: 5 km horizontal, 60 m vertical Release in Aug CATS L1B data processed through CALIPSO L2 algorithms by LaRC to keep continuity in lidar climate record Identical to CALIPSO L2 products Release in July 2015 Only available for Mode 1 data CATS Data Run Through CALIPSO Algorithms
26 CATS vs. CALIPSO Development: CATS is NOT a flight mission it is an experiment Intended as a pathfinder for low-cost Class D payloads and NASA-developed science payloads for ISS NOT driven by science measurements/requirements (Build-to-cost/schedule) Performance: 1064 nm - CATS has better SNR and MDB than CALIOP 532 nm - CATS and CALIOP have similar signals at night (CALIOP better during daytime) CATS-CALIOP Minimum Detectable Backscatter Simulation Type Backscatter (km-1 sr-1) CATS Night 1.00E-3 ± 0.54E-3 CATS 1064 Night* 5.00E-5 ± 0.77E-5 CALIOP Night 8.00E-4 ± 1.00E-4 CATS Day 2.20E-2 ± 0.35E-2 CATS 1064 Day* 1.30E-3 ± 0.24E-3 CALIOP Day 1.70E-3 ± 0.30E-3 *Mode 2 data, since 1064 nm is the better wavelength
27 CATS vs. CALIPSO GSFC-LaRC Collaboration: CATS data products will be similar to CALIPSO Level 1B: Calibrated Backscatter, Depolarization Similar resolutions 60 m vertical (all altitudes) 350 m horizontal (20 Hz) Similar 532 calibration technique (normalize to Rayleigh) Notable differences: Depolarization at both 532 and 1064 nm (Mode 1) Multi-beam in Mode 1 High rep-rate, photon counting CATS 1064 nm data has higher SNR Calibrate by normalizing to Rayleigh signal instead of color ratio technique used by CALIPSO
28 CATS CPL Comparisons Conducted successful underflights with CPL on ER-2: Feb 10, 17, 20, 21 (CalWater-2) Feb ISS underflight: cirrus over Pacific during local nighttime hours (03:49 UTC) CPL underflight data used to assess calibration and polarization gain ratios at 532 & 1064 ER-2 went in same Direction as ISS along ISS track
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