Introduction to Mapping

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1 Introduction to Mapping The Purpose of Maps A representation of a region of earth or heavens Informs the reader utilizing pictures Simple to read and interpret Aids in navigation 1 Earthquake Map Provides information on the most recent earthquakes in the world 1 cm : 100 km 2 1

2 Globe 1 cm : 418 km Most effective for finding: Countries Major Cities Large Bodies of Water Large Mountain Ranges 3 Geologic Map 1 cm : 33.3 km Locate what type of rock exists in a region and when it was created 4 2

3 Road Map 1 cm : 8 km Most useful for : Directions Navigation Sightseeing Locating state capitals 5 Topographic Maps Great for: Navigating Hikers and Campers Shows: Elevations Marshes Streams Glacial Features 6 3

4 Stereo Images Displays landforms in 3-D Images taken from an aircraft by the USGS (US Geologic Survey) Provides an overhead view of a region without having to visit it 7 Watershed Map Watershed the region draining into a river, river system, or other body of water In this case, the Chesapeake Bay Informs readers of where streams and precipitation drain in a region 1 cm : 40 km 8 4

5 1 cm : 129 km Shaded Relief Map Useful for locating mountain ranges and plains 9 Satellite Imagery 1 cm : 33 m Helps locate regions of forest, farmland, or development View landforms from above 10 5

6 Scale The ratio of the distance between two points on a map to the real distance between the two corresponding points portrayed 11 Different Scales A small scale shows a large region A large scale shows a small, detailed region Now having this information What is the order of the maps from the smallest scale to largest? 12 6

7 Beginning with the Smallest Scale Globe Shaded Relief Earthquake Map River Drainages Geologic Map Road Map Satellite Imagery 13 Time Zones Which time zone is Virginia in? 14 7

8 United States Time Zones Virginia is in the Eastern Time Zone What are the other 3 time zones of the contiguous United States? The other three time zones are: Central Mountain Pacific 15 Time Zone Map 16 8

9 Time Zone Map Pacific Mountain Central Eastern 17 If it is 10:00 am in California, what time is it in the other time zones? 10:00 am??? 18 9

10 If it is 10:00 am in California, what time is it in the other time zones? 10:00 am 11:00 am 12:00 pm 1:00 pm 19 What is a time zone? One of twenty-four sections of the Earth Each is 15 wide Each time zone is one hour earlier than the one immediately to its east There are local variations in each time zone 20 10

11 How does this work? The English town of Greenwich is located on the Prime Meridian, it is halfway around the world, or 180 away from, the International Dateline It is a 12 hour time difference to the IDL going either east or west Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the standard universal time and time is adjusted according to how far away a zone is from GMT Thus if you travel east from the Prime Meridian or GMT zone, you add 1 hour for each time zone you cross If you travel west from the Prime Meridian or GMT zone, you subtract 1 hour for each time zone you cross 21 Why are time zones necessary? Noon occurs when the sun is at its highest point in the sky China experiences noon 13 hours before we do! That means that when the Chinese are eating lunch, Americans are sleeping, or vice versa Eating lunch in the dark would be a bit strange wouldn t it? 22 11

12 Travel and Communications Having standardized time zones allow companies to make flight schedules, train schedules, conference call schedules Arrival and departure times are lined up without having to make complicated schedules Time zones allow us to determine the time of any area in the world 23 Traveling east? Increase! Traveling West? Decrease! 24 12

13 ? 12:00pm :00am 12:00pm 26 13

14 What is the time difference between India and California? It is a 13 hour difference It is 8:30 am in India on September 15th, what is the time and day in California? 7:30pm on September 14th It is 9:17 pm in California on October 18th, what time and day is it in India? 10:17am on October 19th 28 14

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