Name Date Class. a. High elevation and high relief b. High elevation and level surface c. Flat land and low relief

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1 Exploring Earth s Surface (pp ) This section describes factors that determine the shape of Earth s land surface. The section also describes how scientists divide Earth into four spheres. Use Target Reading Skills As you read, complete the compare/contrast table to show the similarities and differences among the types of landforms. Characteristics of Landforms Landform Elevation Relief Plain a. Low Mountain b. c. d. High e. Introduction (p. 21) 1. The shape of the land is referred to as Match the term with its definition. Term Definition 2. elevation a. Difference in elevation 3. relief b. Height above sea level 4. landform c. Feature of topography Match the type of landform with its characteristics. Landform 5. plain 6. mountain 7. plateau Characteristics a. High elevation and high relief b. High elevation and level surface c. Flat land and low relief 20

2 Introduction to Earth Science Reading/Notetaking Guide Types of Landforms (pp ) 8. Complete the concept map. Major types of landforms include a. b. c. 9. A plain that lies along a seacoast is called a(n) 10. A plain that lies away from the coast is called a(n) 11. Is the following sentence true or false? Interior plains may have high relief. 12. How is a plateau similar to a plain? 21

3 Exploring Earth s Surface (continued) 13. Complete the table to show how the different types of mountain landforms are related to one another. Mountain Landforms Type of Mountain Landform Description a. Group of mountains b. Group of mountain ranges c. Group of mountain ranges and systems d. Explain how the types of mountain landforms are related to one another. 14. The Cascade Range in Washington, Oregon, and California is a 15. The Santa Lucia Mountains are one mountain range in a known as the Coast Ranges. 16. Mountain ranges and mountain systems form a larger unit called a 17. The in Washington State is an example of a plateau. 22

4 E A B C F Key Coastal plains D Interior plains or lowlands Mountains Plateaus or uplands Basins and mountains 18. What type of landforms would you expect to find in Region A? Region B? 19. Which landform region would you expect to have a higher elevation, C or D? Explain. 20. If you traveled in a straight line from Region E to Region F, how would the topography change? 23

5 Exploring Earth s Surface (continued) What Is a Map? (p. 24) 21. A flat model of all or part of Earth s surface is a(n) 22. Maps are drawn and use symbols to represent Earth s features. Match the map feature with the role it plays. Map Feature Role It Plays 23. scale a. Stands for a feature on Earth s surface 24. symbol b. Relates distance on a map to distance on Earth s surface 25. key c. Lists and explains all the symbols on a map 26. What are some of the physical and human-made features that map symbols can represent? 27. What does a map scale of 1:25,000 mean? Earth s Grid (pp ) 28. The units scientists use to measure distances around a circle are 29. The imaginary line that circles Earth halfway between the North and South poles is the 30. Half of Earth s surface is called a(n) 31. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the prime meridian. a. It makes a half circle from the North Pole to the South Pole. b. It passes through Washington, D.C. c. It divides Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. d. It passes through the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. 24

6 32. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about latitude. a. The prime meridian is the starting line for measuring latitude. b. Latitude measures distance in degrees north or south of the equator. c. All lines of latitude are parallel to the equator. d. The latitude of the North Pole is 90 north. 33. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about longitude. a. The equator is the starting line for measuring longitude. b. Longitude measures distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian. c. All lines of longitude meet at the equator. d. Lines of longitude cross lines of latitude at 45 angles. 34. Label the lines on the map with the following terms: equator, prime meridian, 30 N latitude, 30 W longitude. d. c. a. b. 35. What is the longitude of the prime meridian? 25

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