SIMPLIFIED ASSESSING OF SUBSTATION- ORIGINATED OUTAGES IN ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM RELIABILITY
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1 Oil hle, 2007, Vol. 24, No. 2 ecil IN X Eonin Acdey Publihe IMPIFIED AEING OF UTATION- ORIGINATED OUTAGE IN ANAYI OF TRANMIION YTEM REIAIITY P. RAEAAR *, E. TIIGIMÄGI, J. VATIN Deen of Elecicl Powe ye Engineeing Tllinn Univeiy of Technology 5, Ehije Rd., Tllinn, Eoni In ode o iniize he effec of ubion-eled ouge on efonce of he cooie ye, he owe ye lnne hve o e hei effec. The een e i ecificlly concened wih elively ile ehod of ubion elibiliy nlyi bed on filue ode nd effec nlyi. Moe influenil filue even e ceened bing on elibiliy indice of ubion coonen. The fuhe nlyi conide only elively ll nube of ceened even. o he ehod enble o nlyze nd coe diffeen ubion configuion, o elboe eue o iove ye oeion, o incooe ubion-eled ouge in evluion of he elibiliy of he cooie ye ec. elively ily wihou uing ecil coliced coue og. Inoducion The quliy nd vilbiliy of owe uly o cuoe i highly deenden on he efonce of lge nube of geneo, niion line nd ubion equien. ubion-eled ouge cn hve conideble ic on he elibiliy of he owe ye. ubion coonen, ubion configuion nd einl connecion oologie e ion fco in ye elibiliy evluion. Aeen of elibiliy of ubion o hei wichge i ubnil in evluing he elibiliy of he exiing newok nd vilbiliy of uly o cuoe, well in choice of configuion of new ubion. Thee e nueou udie nd ublicion in hi e concening deiled obbiliic o iiion ehod [1 2]. Thee ehod e o lbo-conuing nd no licble wihou coeonding coue og. While he een of elibiliy of ubion ngeen i * Coeonding uho: e-il eee.e@u.ee
2 ilified Aeing of ubion-oigined Ouge in Anlyi of Tniion ye Relibiliy 309 elively coliced nd lbo-conuing, he ue of uible coue og ckge in elibiliy udie e ued in o ce. Fo cicl nlyi, uch, fo exle, eing he effec of ubion equien ful o owe ye elibiliy, ecil eing ye like IEEE Relibiliy Te ye (IEEE-RT) [3] o Roy illinon Te ye (RT) [4] e ofen ued. In iuion whee uch ye e no vilble, he neceiy fo oxie ehod o e he elibiliy of ubion configuion y ie. In uch ce one cn ue ilified nlyicl ehod whee he een of elibiliy indice of n elecic newok o of i e clculed on he bi of elibiliy indice of he newok coonen by coeonding foul [1, 5]. In incile, he obevion of ubion elibiliy would be coec in condiion of definie owe ye. Howeve, in oxie nlyi oe ilified oche, focuing inly on he elibiliy of he ubion ielf wihou conideing he effec of he whole ye, hve o be ued. Nevehele, he influence of owe line connecing he ubion o he ye cn be ken ino ccoun oughly. In uch ce he in oble i how o e he effec of ful of ubion coonen on he ouge nd uly ineuion, well how o deeine elibiliy chceiic of he ubion. Thi e een elively ile nlyicl ehod fo een of he elibiliy of ubion wichge configuion bed on ndoin known fo he ublicion [1, 2, 5, 6]. The e egd ighfowdne nd nency of he ehod nd ineeion of he eul. The ehod i in eence n enueion ehod o nlyi of filue ode nd effec [1], which i bed on odeling of ingle coonen of he ubion nd on evluion of he euling coningencie of conneced line nd nfoe nd hei elibiliy indice. The ehod eloy n inducive och h yeiclly deil, coonen-by-coonen bi, ll oible filue ode nd idenifie hei euling effec on he ubion elibiliy. A finl li of filue even i foed o evlue he indice of bic connecion. The filue nd ouge of ubion coonen e conideed indeenden even. In he ce of evey filue ode, ineued connecion e idenified nd he coeonding ineuion e nd vege nnul duion of ineuion e deeined. Finlly he euling ouge of connecion (line nd nfoe) nd hei elibiliy indice e deduced. Filue ode of ubion coonen ubion-eled ouge o coningencie e ubnilly deenden on filue even of ubion coonen. Fo een iliciy, he nube of coonen conideed hould be educed uch oible. In
3 310 P. Re, E. Tiigiägi, J. Vlin ilified och i i enough o conide cicui beke nd bub nd, if he whole ubion i obeved, lo nfoe. When conideion of connecion wih he ye i equeed, he incoing line hould be ken ino ccoun well. A ubion-oigined even i foced ouge of ny nube of nfoe o line, cued by filue inide he ubion. Thee ouge deend on occuence of filue nd he elibiliy indice of he filed ubion coonen. The ode of filue which cn occu in ubion nd y cue ubion-oigined ouge e uully ive nd cive filue even, uck-condiion of beke nd oveling filue even [1, 5]. A ive filue even i coonen ful h doe no cue oeion of oecion beke (undeeced oen-cicui nd indveen oeion of beke) nd o doe no hve ny ic on he eining coonen. An cive filue even i efeed o ny coonen ful h cue he oeion of iy oecion beke ound he filed coonen fo exle ho-cicui. The evice cn be eoed o he helhy of he ubion fe iolion of he filed coonen (i.e. fe he o-clled wiching ie). Reoion of he filed coonen ke lce fe i ei o elceen. The ei ie i uully ny ie longe hn he wiching ie. Auing fo iliciy h ouge duion in he ce of boh filue ode e equl, he iing of he oce cn be eened given in Fig. 1. In he ce of ubion configuion wih coively low elibiliy, elively long-ling coningencie (connecion ineuion), whoe duion i deeined by ei duion of he coonen, y ke lce. To educe duion of h kind of coningencie, nolly oened cicui-beke nd diconneco e ofen ued. Owing o uch edundnce coonen, he ineuion ie cn be educed o wiching ie ny ie hoe hn ei duion [2]. I en h eing ubion elibiliy, he ei duion of ive filue cn be divided ino wo he o e: wiching e nd ei e -, hown in Fig. 1 fo cive filue. Pive filue Nol e befoe he ful Acive filue Rei ie Nol e fe he ful wiching e, wiching ie Fig. 1. Filue ie-odel. Rei e, ei ie -
4 ilified Aeing of ubion-oigined Ouge in Anlyi of Tniion ye Relibiliy 311 A beke cn becoe uck when he cicui-beke in he iy zone fil o oee fe n cive filue even. ck-u oecion u hen eond, nd lge ecion of he ubion y becoe ioled. Oveling filue even ie when ubion coonen fil duing he eoion ie ocied wih ubion coonen filed eviouly. The oveling filue even uully conideed e hoe ebcing only wo ubion coonen. In incile, filue duing he ie when oe ohe coonen i eoved fo evice o efo evenive inennce cn lo be conideed oveling filue even. Howeve, ubion-eled inennce ouge e ignoed hee, which i quie coon cice in elibiliy udie. To ilify elibiliy udie of ubion, diffeen eliic uion e widely doed [1, 2, 5, 6]. In hi e he following one e lied: cicui-beke cively filing cnno cle hei own ful; cicui-beke cn oee, due o ful, in eihe diecion; only ive filue occu on cicui-beke; oveling ouge of hee o oe ubion coonen e negleced; fo oveling filue only o-clled ol filue even (i.e. cobining of ive nd cive filue even) nd cive filue even whoe duion i deeined by ei o elceen ie e conideed. Oveling of he wiching e, coeonding o elively ho wiching ie, wih filue of ny ohe coonen i no conideed; coonen i no ken ou fo evenive inennce if i cue he ouge of cuoe lod oin; evenive inennce on bub i no conideed. Afoeid filue even nd coeonding coonen ouge wih hei wiching nd eiing e e deiced ghiclly e nd ube of even in Figue 2 nd 3. In he figue he following ybol e ued:,, beke, bub nd niion line; ueci,, ol, ive nd cive filue. uch clificion i needed only fo cicui-beke, ive filue even fo ohe coonen e negleced; ueci, beke uck nd inennce; ubci,, -, wiching ie, ei ie (Fig. 1) nd inennce ie. ybol denoe ineecion of even e. Fo exle, in Fig. 2 exeion eeen he filue even whee he wiching e of cicui-beke cive filue i cconied by uck of iy-zone beke. uch filue even fo ube of he e of wiching e of cive filue. The e, in un, i ube of cive filue of he cicui-beke. The cive filue fo ube of ol filue of he cicui-beke.
5 312 P. Re, E. Tiigiägi, J. Vlin b c Fig. 2. Filue even nd e of coonen: () beke; (b) bub; (c) line. b Fig. 3. Oveling filue even including inennce ouge: () oveling filue even; (b) inennce ouge oveled by coonen-foced ouge.
6 ilified Aeing of ubion-oigined Ouge in Anlyi of Tniion ye Relibiliy 313 Ouge e nd nnul ouge ie If hee e vilble iicl d on vege filue nd inennce e, wiching ie, nd ei nd inennce duion of ubion coonen nd on obbiliie of cicui-beke uck, i i oible o e e nd ol nnul duion of filue-eled ouge fo evey filue even of evey ubion coonen. Coeonding bic foul e well known [1]. Knowing ive filue e of coonen, fo exle of cicui beke λ, he coeonding ouge e will be λ( b) = λb. (1) Fuhe, if he vege ei ie i known, he vege nnul ouge ie o unvilbiliy cn be deeined oduc of he filue e nd ei ie U( ) = λ. (2) Coeonding indice fo ll oible ouge nd ouge e hown in Fig. 2 cn be clculed iilly. An exceion i cicui-beke uck. Knowing he uck obbiliy, he foul fo he cicui-beke uck cconied by bub filue, fo innce, will be nd λ( ) = λ (3) U( ) = λ. (4) In he ce of oveling filue (Fig. 3) he foul fo oveling he ol filue of cicui-beke nd bub ful, fo exle,will be nd λ( ) = λ λ ( + ) /8760 (5) U( ) = λ λ /8760, (6) whee he ol filue e λ = λ + λ. Hee he filue e e eued in even e nnu (1/y), nd vege ei ie in hou (h) e filue. The foul fo ohe oveling filue even e nlogou. Foul will diffe fo he eviou one, if he filue of coonen occu duing he inennce of nohe coonen. I i o becue duing foced ouge of coonen he inennce of ny ohe coonen will no be iniied. Fo innce, in he ce of bub ful duing he inennce of beke he coeonding foul will be λ( ) = λ λ /8760 (7)
7 314 P. Re, E. Tiigiägi, J. Vlin nd. U( ) = λ λ. (8) ( + )8760 If elible locl iic on he iniil d needed fo clculion i no vilble, he d fo neighbouing counie, le fo ough een, cn be ued. In hi udy he vege d fo diffeen ublicion on filue e nd duion of ubion coonen e eloyed (Tble 1). On he bi of d in Tble 1, he vlue of elibiliy indice fo ll filue even nd e hown in Figue 2 nd 3 cn be clculed by foul nlogou o (1) (8). The eul fo filue even wih highe vlue of filue e nd unvilbiliy e eened in Tble 2. A h, he filue e of 20-k niion line wee ued o be 20 = 0.2. Tble 1. Avege elibiliy indice of ubion coonen ued in le clculion Coonen Pive Acive filue e filue e λ, f/y λ, f/y Rei ie, h wiching ie, h Minennce duion λ, h/y Pobbiliy of beke filue, due o uck, Cicui-beke ub Tniion line f/k/y Tble 2. Relibiliy indice of filue even nd e of he coonen Filue even Ouge Coonen e Filue e λ, f/y Unvilbiliy U, h/y Cicui-beke ub Tniion line
8 ilified Aeing of ubion-oigined Ouge in Anlyi of Tniion ye Relibiliy 315 Relibiliy indice fo eining oveling filue nd filue which ovel wih inennce ouge of cicui-beke o niion line e le hn he vlue in Tble 2 (λ nd U ). The unvilbiliy en h he nnul ouge i only 2.2 ec. In nlyi of ubion of lowe elibiliy uch filue cn be negleced. Thi will ilify he nlyi ubnilly. Aeen of ubion-eled ouge ubion-eled ouge o coningencie e ubnilly deenden on he configuion nd he oology of einl connecion nd filue even of ubion coonen. Fo fuhe illuion of ubion elibiliy, le u nlye ubion in he H-connecion of high-volge wichge deiced in Fig. 4. Fo he ol li of filue even, n exle of he coningencie eled o filue of beke 1, bub ecion 1 nd line 1 nd coeonding connecion ineuion even (line 1 nd 2, nfoe T1 nd T2) wih hei e nd nnul duion e eened in Tble 3. Evey filue even cn be divided ino e (he, Fig. 2) diffeenly, deending on ubion configuion nd he i of he nlyi. A ouge of diffeen coonen cn cue ineuion of he e connecion, one h o uize he vlue of indice fo ouge cuing he ineuion o ge he d bou cein ineuion. A n exle, in Tble 3 hee ineuion ce e obeved: ineuion of nfoe connecion T1, iulneou ineuion of nfoe connecion T1 nd T2, nd ineuion of owe ni hough line 1 nd 2. Relibiliy indice u be uized elecively, deending on T1 T2 Fig. 4. A ubion dig in he H-connecion.
9 316 P. Re, E. Tiigiägi, J. Vlin ffiliion of filue even nd hei e in even e nd ube (Fig. 2). Coeondingly, colun 5 10 of Tble 3 conin only he vlue belonging o be ued u. Fo innce, he cive filue of beke 1 wih iulneou uck of beke 5 (ow 4 in Tble 3) cue n ouge of he nfoe T1 einl. Howeve, he coeonding vlue of λ nd u no be included in colun 4 nd 5 fo uion, becue uck i ubeven of he cive filue even of he beke 1 conideed ledy in ow 2. Fo he e eon hey will no be included in colun 9 10 fo clculion of he ni ineuion indice. The box in ow 3 nd colun 9 i ey well, becue he ow 3 nd 4 een wo e of he e filue even, nd he coeonding ineuion e i conideed ledy in ow 2 (colun 9). In ie of uion oble, he colun 5 10 of Tble 3 give good oveview of fco ffecing ubion elibiliy nd hei elive ionce. uch ble enble o nlyze nd coe diffeen configuion of ubion nd newok, o elboe eue o iove ye oeion, o incooe ouge of ubion nd wiching ion ino he evluion of he cooie ye elibiliy ec. Tble 3. Coningencie nd hei indice fo he ubion in Fig. 4 Coonen filue, e Ouged einl Coningency λ, 1/y U, h/y Ouge of einl T1 λ, 1/y U, h/y Ouge of einl T1, T2 λ, 1/y U, h/y Ineuion of ni hough 1, 2 λ, 1/y U, h/y 1 1 T T1 T T T1 T T
10 ilified Aeing of ubion-oigined Ouge in Anlyi of Tniion ye Relibiliy 317 The nlyi i elively ile nd efoble wihou ecilized coue og. REFERENCE 1. illinon, R., Alln, R. N. Relibiliy Evluion of Powe ye. Plenu Pe, New Yok, Meeuwen, J. J., Kling, W.. ubion elibiliy evluion including wiching cion wih edundn coonen // IEEE Tncion on Powe Delivey Vol. 12, No. 4. P IEEE Coiee Reo. IEEE elibiliy e ye // IEEE Tncion on Powe Au nd ye Vol. PA-98, No. 6. P illinon, R., Ku,., Chowdhuy, N., Chu, K., Khn, E., Ko, P., Noubkhh, G., Oeng-Adjei, J. A elibiliy e ye fo educionl uoe ic eul // IEEE Tncion on Powe ye Vol. 5, No. 1. P Alln, R. N., Ocho, J. R. Modeling nd een of ion-oigined ouge fo cooie ye elibiliy evluion // IEEE Tncion on Powe ye Vol. 3, No. 1. P illinon, R., Yng, H. Incooing inennce ouge effec in ubion nd wiching ion elibiliy udie // Poceeding of he 2005 Cndin Confeence on Elecicl nd Coue Engineeing, My P Received Jnuy 17, 2007
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