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1 JOURNAL OF CATASTROPHOLOGY Vol123 No14 Dec , 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 5, (11, ; 21 /, ; 31, ; 41, ; 51, ) : 3, () 3 8,, 3 : ; ; ; : X43 : A : X (2008) ; ;,,,, 1829, [ 1 ], 1 000, [ 2 ],, 1999, [ 3 ],, FEMA 320 [ 4 ], FEMA 361 [ 3 ] ARC 4496 [ 5 ], [ 6 ],,, 2003,, 2006 () [ 7 ],,, 100,,,,, ( ) (), [ 3-5, 7-9 ],, [ 8, 9 ],,, [ ],,, [ 1, ] [ ] [ 16, ] [ 22 ],,, 3,, 3 : : ( ) ; (2006BAD20B02) : ( ),,,,, 1E2mail: xuwei@ ires1cn

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6 46 23,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, (),, 4 ( ),, 3 3,, ( ), (),,,, ( ), π π π, S V & C,, V S & C C S & V( 4) 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) S, V C V, S C C, S V 5, ( ),, (),, 4, (), 3 3,,

7 4, : 56, ( ), 3, 3, ( ) 3, S V & C V S & C C S & V,,,, S V & C V S & C C S & V,,,,,, : [ 1 ] Kashiwabara S, Ueno M, and Morita T. Hanshin - Awaji daishin2 sai niokeru hinanjyo no kenkyu ( The research of shelters in Hanshin - Awaji great earthquake disaster) [M ], O saka University Press, ( in Japanese). [ 2 ] AN ICE ( Animal Navigation in Case of Emergency). D isaster shelters in Japan [ EB /OL ], Source: http: / /www. an2 imal - navi. com / navi/map /map. html. [ 3 ] FEMA ( Federal Emergency Management Agency). FEMA 361: Design and construction guidance for community shelters [ Z] [ 4 ] Federal Emergency Management Agency. FEMA 320: Taking shelter from the storm: [ Z] building a safe room inside your house [ 5 ] American Red Cross. Standards for hurricane evacuation shelter selection, ARC 4496 [ Z]. Reversed in January [ 6 ] A lameda County Operational A rea EmergencyManagement O rgani2 zation (ACOAEMO ). shelter planning [ Z] A guide for local jurisdictions in care and [ 7 ],. () [ Z] [ 8 ] D isaster Prevention Bureau of A ichi Prefecture (DPBAP), Japan. Shelter management manual of A ichi Prefecture, Japan [ Z]. versed in Re2 [ 9 ] Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Japan. O rdinance of earthquake disaster countermeasure of Tokyo Metropolitan [ Z] [ 10 ],,,. [ J ]., 2004, 13 (1) : [ 11 ],. [ J ]., 2006, 22 (4) : [ 12 ],. [ J ]., 2004, 19 (1) : [ 13 ] Kamiya D. Systematic research about environment creation and earthquake risk reduction in the urban area [D ]. Kyoto Universi2 ty, 2002 ( in Japanese). [ 14 ] Ichikawa, S, Sakata, H, and Yoshikawa, T. Study on acces2 sible to shelter by considering the risk of evacuation route based on building collap se and road blockage modeling [ J ]. GIS - Theory and App lication. 2004, 12 (1) : ( in Japanese). [ 15 ] Katada, T, Kuwasawa, N, and Yeh, H. D isaster education for Owase citizen by using tsunam i scenario simulator and evalua2 tion of that method [ J ]. Science and Technology for Society Re2 view, 2004 (2) : ( in Japanese). [ 16 ] Xu W. Development of amethodology for Participatory Evacuation Planning and Management: Case Study of Nagata, Kobe [D ]. Kyoto University, [ 17 ] Kongsom saksakul, S, Chen, A, and Yang, C. Shelter loca2 tion - allocation model for flood evacuation p lanning [ J ]. Journal of the Eastern A sia Society for Transportation Studies, 2005 ( 6) : [ 18 ] Coulbourne, W. L, Tezak, E. S, and McA llister, T. P. Design guidelines for community shelters for extreme wind events [ J ]. Journal of A rchitectural Engineering, 2002, 8 ( 2 ) : [ 19 ] Pine, J. C, Marx, B. D, and Levitan, M. L. et al. Compre2 hensive assessment of hurricane shelters: lessons from Hurricane Georges [J ]. Natural Hazards Review, November, 2003, 4 ( 4) : [ 20 ] Yamada T. and Takagi A. A p lanning supporting system of shel2 ter location from the viewpoint of residents [ J ]. Journal, Infra2 structure Planning Review, 2004, 23 ( 2) : ( in Japa2 nese). [ 21 ]. [ J ]., 1997, 20 (2) : [ 22 ],. [ J ]., 2001, 8 (1) : [ 23 ] Quarantelli, E. L. Patterns of sheltering and housing in US disas2 ters [J ]. Disaster Prevention and Management, 1995, 4 ( 3) : [ 24 ] Okada, N, Bayer, J. L, Amendola, A. Integrated disaster risk management vs. regional vulnerability [ R ]. 3rd IIASA - DPR I Forum, 2003, Kyoto, Japan. ( 100 )

8 Quantitative Comparative Analysis on Explosion and Poison ing Accidents of Artificial Gas Cui Hui 1, Xu Zhisheng 1 and Song W enhua 2 (11Institute of D isaster P reven tion Science and S afety Technology, Centra l South U niversity, Changsha , China; 21D epa rtm en t of Environm en tal Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin U niversity of Technology, Tianjin , China) Ab strac t: The exp losion and poisoning risk of artificial gas leakage in p ipeline transportation is analyzed and the critical radiuses of different risk zones such as the lethal zone, severe harm zone and slight harm zone caused exp losion and poisoning accidents are estimated by p robability function model. Among them, the critical overp ressure criteria of exp losion harm zone are pulmonary hemorrhage, eardrum rup ture and criterion of poisoning harm zone is toxicity of carbon monoxide. Finally, according to the critical overp ressure values and concentration values, vapor cloud exp losion model, Gaussian model and atmospheric dispersion model of the special weather conditions, accident consequence is analyzed and the qualitative and quantitative comparisons on consequences of these two kinds of accidents of artificial gas are made. Ke y wo rd s: artificial gas; exp losion; poisoning; p robability function model; overp ressure; Gaussian model ( 65 ) ConceptualM odel of D isaster Shelter Plann ing Based on the Vitae System Xu W ei 1, 2, Okada Norio 3, Xu Xiaoli 4 1, 2, 5 and Shi Peijun (11Key L aboratory of Environm ental Change and N atura l D isaster, M inistry of Education of China, B eijing N orm al U niversity, B eijing , Ch ina; 21A cadem y of D isaster R eduction and Em ergency M anagem ent, M inistry of C ivil A ffairs & M inistry of Education, B eijing , Ch ina; 31D isaster P revention R esearch Institute, Kyoto U n iversity, U ji , Japan; 41Ch ina L and S urveying and P lann ing Institu te, M in istry of L and and R esources, B eijing , China; 51S tate Key L aboratory of Earth Surface Processes and R esou rce Ecology, B eijing N orm al U n iversity, B eijing , China) Ab s tra c t: In this paper, the concep ts and types of disaster shelters are reviewed and systematically exam ined and different spatial scales of shelter p lanning are summarized by comparing some existing shelter p lanning p ractices in China, Japan and USA. Then 3 types of disaster shelter p lanning and 8 imp lementing standards are p roposed in the term s of the V itae System. B ased on it, 3 basic models for disaster shelter p lanning and evaluation are established. Ke y wo rd s: disaster shelter; p lanning; the V itae System; concep tual model