Trends of Natural Disasters in the Asia- Pacific Region and the Direction of Disaster Management

Transcription

1 2016 APEC SCCC, Arequipa, Peru Session 6 - Human Security: Food, Health, Natural Disasters and Environmental Issues Trends of Natural Disasters in the Asia- Pacific Region and the Direction of Disaster Management May 5-6, 2016 Fumio YAMAZAKI Professor, Ph.D., Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Japan. Doctor Honoris Causa, National University of Engineering, Peru. 1

2 Pacific Ring of Fire Zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions 2

3 Number of disasters in the world in the period (Source: EM-DAT, 2016) Number of disasters reported 10 or more people reported killed. 100 or more people reported affected. Declaration of a state of emergency. Call for international assistance. Year 3

4 Number of deaths in by continents and disaster-types. (Source: EM-DAT, 2016) x1, deaths Volcanic activity Storm Mass movement (dry) Landslide Flood Extreme temperature Earthquake 0 Total=2.15 million Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania 4

5 Estimated economic loss due to disasters in the world in The values were converted in Estimated Damage (US$ billion) 2011 Tohoku EQ 1995 Kobe EQ 2005 Hurricane Katrina Year 2008Wenchuan EQ 5

6 Estimated economic losses in by continents and disaster-types. (Source: EM-DAT, 2016) Total=2.55 Trillion US $ 6

7 Impediments for Sustainable Development Hand Book of Total Disaster Risk Management-Good Practices, ADRC, Japan,

8 Mechanism Behind the Emergence of Natural Disasters Hazard Earthquakes, Floods, storms Exposure People, Property Disaster Risk Vulnerability Susceptibility to natural hazards Disaster Risk = Function (Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability) Hand Book of Total Disaster Risk Management-Good Practices, ADRC, Japan,

9 Mechanism of natural disaster reduction Hazard Basically unchanged but climate change Exposure Relocation of people & property from hazards Disaster Risk Vulnerability Increase resistance of structures Hand Book of Total Disaster Risk Management-Good Practices, ADRC, Japan,

10 Disaster Cycle and Disaster Management Preparedness Business Continuity Plan Foods & Water Storage Emergency Drill Early Warning Disaster Disaster Information System with GIS and Remote Sensing Response Search & Rescue Medical care Damage Assessment Remote Sensing Mitigation Hazard Map Retrofit of Structures Seismic Proof Design Recovery Reconstruction Temporary Housing Mental care Land-use Planning 10

11 2010 Maule, Chile EQ, Talcahuno 220cm 11

12 2011 Thailand flood Navanakorn Industrial Estate Nov. 5,

13 2016 Kumamoto, Japan earthquake sequence Surface faulting in Mashiki town Road embankment failure in Mashiki Town Kumamoto castle cultural heritage Building damage in Mashiki Town 13

14 Distribution of PGA & PGV and Animation of PGA propagation 2016/04/16 01:25 M

15 Satellite observation Des. M7.1 M6.4 Color composite of the pre- and coevent PALSAR-2 coherence images. Pre-event: 2015/11/30, 2016/03/07 Post-event: 2016/04/18 Off-nadir angle: 32.4 Mode: StripMap Polarization: HH R: pre-event coherence (2015/11/ /3/7) G&B: co-event coherence 15

16 Needs in Peru Sustainable Development Reduction of Losses from EQ Regional Characteristics Implementation Technology CISMID/UNI IGP, DHN, INDECI, SENCICO, Ricardo Palma U, CONIDA, PCM MINSA Peruvian Research Team SATREPS project ( ) Enhancement of Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru Survey of past events Seismic & MT observation Structural tests and surveys Assessment, Planning G5: Chiba Univ. Project Management, Disaster Mitigation Plan Japanese Research Team G1: Chiba Univ. Seismic M, Geotech G2:Tohoku Univ. Tsunami G3: BRI Building G4: Tokyo Tech Damage Assessment Development and Implementation of EQ & T Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru Knowledge Transfer to Other Pacific-Rim Countries 16

17 Testing and monitoring of buildings by SATREPS Self supporting loading system Dynamic behavior testing Building seismic monitoring Sensor Modeling and simulation Internet sensor monitored by Peru and Japan Laser sensor 17

18 Lima-Callo tsunami simulation Bruno Cesar Source Model (Pulido et al., 2011) 18

19 Tsunami evacuation drill in La Punta, Callo, Peru NO. CAPACITY SHELTERED ~ Total 7,930 2,026 40% of total population RTV CIP Lima Peru Society of Engineers 19

20 Conclusions Natural disasters are the major thread of sustainable development, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. Preventable deaths and injuries should be saved through disaster reduction technologies. Social and economic disruption should be reduced through integrated disaster risk management. International collaboration toward disaster reduction considering the regional characteristics of APEC economies should be promoted. 20

21 Thank you very much! Muchas Gracias! ご清聴ありがとうございます Kumamon 21