List of the Main Concepts. Study Suggestions. List Continued. List Continued. List Continued. List Continued

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1 Stuy Suggestons. ecture notes. evew the man concepts.. Prevous exams an quzzes.. Homework, especally textbook problems. 4. hapter summares n the textbook. AWAYS: emember n revewng problems, concentrate on the unamental prncples an how they are use n ths case, NOT on learnng the answer to ths partcular problem. st o the Man oncepts lectrc an magnetc els. Theorce by, on a charge partcle. lectrc potental an ts relaton to the el. The three orms o oulomb s aw. Gauss s aw an applcatons: Fel at surace o a conuctor Shell Theorems Fel nse a sphercal charge strbuton apactors st ontnue D crcuts: currents, MFs, voltage rops. Usng the loop an juncton rules Magnetc els create by currents ong straght wre oops an cols o wre Inuce electrc els an MFs. enz s aw The our Maxwell quatons. st ontnue an tme constants. crcuts: natural requency o oscllaton. A crcuts: phase relatons or,,. eactance an Impeance. nergy store n an. Power supple by MF, sspate by. st ontnue ght as an electromagnetc wave. elocty, requency, wavelength Inex o reracton Intensty an ampltue Snell s aw o reracton Formaton o mages by lenses an mrrors. eal an vrtual mages an objects Prncpal rays Thn-lens ormula an sgn conventons st ontnue Intererence o lght waves onstructve an estructve cases Phase erence ue to path erence Other sources o phase erences Phasor metho to n resultng ntensty Two-slt ntererence Multple-slt ntererence The racton gratng Sngle-slt racton

2 hapters - : The lectrc Fel Frst Stuy Har then elax or the Fnal then Have a Great acaton oulomb s aw oulomb s aw Phlosophy - Acton at a Dstance harge harge harge nvronment that q nteracts wth Fel harge The lectrc Fel Torque on a Dpole n a Fel So then: F q Now we on t have to keep calculatng oulomb s aw or each change n q s poston. We rst calculate the electrc el ( envronment ), then the orce s just the charge tmes the electrc el. F ( sn ) q sn p sn p hapter : Gauss s aw Depens on the geometry o the problem. Note that ths s a surace ntegral. ount only those charges enclose by S. Forget about all charges outse o S. Gauss s aw assumes that you alreay know somethng about the symmetry o the electrc el. hapter 4: The lectrc Potental Work: W (rom last semester) W F s F = q U = q U U U = W lectrc Potental: ( U s U ) q s

3 onnectons hapter 5: apactance hoose s = x to go rom the plate to the + plate. The potental: - s x Dene = = an q = q - 0 Then, q q ε o A ε o A! earrange the terms to solate q, q oa ε Ths result wll be erent or erent geometres. Parallel Plates: arous Geometres q A oaxal ylners: q ln(b/a) πε o or oncentrc Spheres: q(b - a) 4πε o ab or Isolate Sphere: q 4πε o or ε o See a pattern evelopng? q A o or ε q πεo ln(b/a) q oab 4πε b - a q 4πε o oltage rops a urrents are equal. b a ut we want eq hapter 6: esstors eq esstors n Parallel urrents a oltage rops are equal. eq ut hapter 7: rcuts Stuy Fgures n the text to see how the potental changes rom pont to pont n a crcut. / / eq / / Note the net change aroun the loop s zero.

4 Juncton ule: N n j j N oop ule: N outk k 0 Krchho s ules Sgns: Up ( +) through a voltage source + loop recton same as assume current Mult-loop rcuts: Nee combnaton o both loop ule an Juncton ule. hapter 8: The Magnetc Fel F qv F harge Partcles urrents Denton o the magnetc el Force on currents an movng charges evew cross prouct o two vectors rcular orbts o charge partcle Magnetc pole moment ompass neeles an bar magnets Torque an energy or pole n el yclotron Frequency Assume we set up the expermental contons such that: then, v v F qv ma m hapter 9: Generatng Magnetc Fels ot-savart aw where s the raus o the crcular path the partcle makes. Solvng or : mv q Partcle wll have an angular requency: v q m Ampere s aw or Statc currents s 0 enc = Any close path + enc = Net current encrcle by (ght-han rule) = The total magnetc el s = A short step along the path another tme-epenent term we wll a later hapter 0: Faraay s aw s t Inuce MF = rate o change o magnetc lux. enz s aw: Drecton s to oppose change. oltage an energy or nuctor: U t crcuts: tme constant = / 4

5 hapter : rcuts urrent (t) Now put t all together: m ( I (IX IX I ) ) I Z Z (X X ) ( ) tan( ) X X hapter : crcuts hapter : Maxwell s quatons U U U U q / Know all 4 Maxwell quatons as gven n table -:. Gauss s aw or. Gauss s aw or. Ampere s aw nclung Dsplacement urrent 4. Faraay s aw Unerstan how the splacement current gves lnes o crclng aroun a changng an why t s neee to make Ampere s aw consstent. s 0 t enc 0 Inuce Magnetc Fels ecall Faraay s aw (general orm) Φ s where A t A changng magnetc lux create an electrc el Funamental aw: Nature conserves charge In orer or charge to be conserve, we nee to have a changng electrc lux create a magnetc el. Φ s oo where A t Maxwell s aw o Inucton wll complete Ampere s aw. hapter : Magnetc Materals Know about the kns o magnetc materals:. paramagnetc. amagnetc. erromagnetc Magnetzaton M: Dpole moment ensty. Hysteress: When M s not etermne by. ure s aw: M ecreases wth temperature. 5

6 hapter Mathematcal escrpton o all waves: Frequency, wavelength, ampltue, ntensty. Angular measures: raans, egrees, cycles, hertz v =, =, k = / ght n materal mea n = nex o reracton v = c/n, = 0 /n Snell s aw: n sn = n sn Other eects: Polarzaton aaton pressure Inverse square law o ntensty hapter 4: Images Formulas or sphercal mrrors an thn lenses n the small angle approxmaton: p m = ocal length: + = convergng, = vergng p = object stance: + = real, = vrtual = mage stance: + = real, = vrtual m = magncaton: + = erect, = nverte p hapter 5: Intererence For pont P at angle, trangle shows that sn So the brght rnges are at angles gven by sn m An the ark rnges are at angles gven by sn ( m ) Intererence evew We have scusse contons or constructve an estructve ntererence n terms o the phase erence Δφ : onstructve: Δφ = 0, 60, 70, Destructve: Δφ = 80, 540, We have looke at 5 erent ways to arrange or ntererence between two lght waves: Double slt, electon rom glass surace, Thn lms, Mchelson ntererometer, Derent nex o reracton. In some cases, we acheve a phase erence by arrangng to have a path erence Δ : onstructve: Δ = λ, λ, λ, Destructve: Δ = λ/, λ/, 5λ/, hapter 6: Sngle-slt racton We have oun the mnma n the sngle-slt pattern by breakng up the slt nto a number o zones an nng where they nterere estructvely. esult: ark rnges are at a sn m So or small angles ths gves m / a wth θ measure n raans. Dracton evew Sngle-slt racton Dark rnges when rays rom top an bottom o the slt are n phase. Descrbe ntensty wth phasor agram Multple slts ombne ntererence an racton patterns For many slts, have a racton gratng: sharp brght lnes, use or spectroscopy Dracton by a crcular aperture smlar to a sngle slt (aylegh s rteron) but / a. / 6

7 Phasors or the Sngle Slt reak up the slt nto many tny zones, gvng many rays o lght, whch come together on the screen. Double-Slt Dracton a = slt wth = slt separaton = angle on screen a sn m mn ma sn m m Phase erence between ajacent rays Phase erence between top an bottom rays Ampltue at center = Sum o all phasors Ampltue at angle, get rom agram X-ray Dracton: X-ray racton o crystal structures can be consere as lght racts o the gratngs, wth the gratng spacng n the orer o crystal structure that s n the orer o 0. nm. Path erence: sn (Notce the enton o angle ). n FINA Fray, Dec., 0:5am-:5pm MH005 One sheet o notes/ormulas/etc. an calculators allowe. onstructve ntererence conton: ( sn ) m sn = m, where m = 0,,,.. Ths s ragg s aw. ragg s aw: sn = m 7