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1 Author Jack L. Roberts
2 Table of Contents Diagnostic Pre-test Lesson 1: All About Rocks Solid as a Rock What Are Rocks? The Classification of Rocks All About Rocks Vocabulary The Rocks Around Us All About Rocks Journal All About Rocks Assessment Lesson 2: The Layers of Earth An Edible Earth Model A Walk to the Center of Earth Comparing the Layers of Earth The Layers of Earth Vocabulary The Rocks of Earth s Crust The Layers of Earth Journal The Layers of Earth Assessment Lesson 3: The Rock Cycle You Be the Geologist How Rocks Change Types of Change The Rock Cycle Vocabulary Igneous Rock Formation The Rock Cycle Journal The Rock Cycle Assessment Lesson 4: Sedimentary Rocks Investigating Sediments The Most Common Rock on Earth s Surface Organizing Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Vocabulary How to Identify Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Journal Sedimentary Rocks Assessment Lesson 5: Introducing Igneous Rocks Classifying Rocks Understanding Igneous Rocks Comparing Igneous Rocks Introducing Igneous Rocks Vocabulary Igneous Rock Texture Introducing Igneous Rocks Journal Introducing Igneous Rocks Assessment Lesson 6: More About Igneous Rocks Examining Igneous Rocks How to Identify Igneous Rocks Igneous Rock Characteristics More About Igneous Rocks Vocabulary Giant s Causeway: Natural Basalt Formations More About Igneous Rocks Journal More About Igneous Rocks Assessment Lesson 7: Metamorphic Rocks Investigating Metamorphic Rock Types Metamorphosis: How Metamorphic Rocks Change Metamorphic Rocks and Their Parents Metamorphic Rocks Vocabulary How to Identify a Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic Rocks Journal Metamorphic Rocks Assessment Lesson 8: What Are Minerals? Using Minerals in Everyday Products Minerals: Nature s Amazing Resource Define a Mineral What Are Minerals? Vocabulary Is It a Rock or a Mineral? What Are Minerals? Journal What Are Minerals? Assessment Teacher Created Materials #12375 Rocks and Minerals Inquiry Handbook 3
3 Table of Contents (cont.) Lesson 9: Chemical Properties of Minerals You Be the Geochemist Mineral Classes Common Classes of Minerals Chemical Properties of Minerals Vocabulary Diamond and Graphite Chemical Properties of Minerals Journal Chemical Properties of Minerals Assessment Lesson 10: Physical Properties of Minerals Testing Minerals Mineral Properties Mapping Minerals Physical Properties of Minerals Vocabulary How to Identify a Mineral Physical Properties of Minerals Journal Physical Properties of Minerals Assessment Lesson 11: Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness Finding Mineral Hardness Using Mohs Scale to Identify Minerals 92 Identifying Minerals Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness Vocabulary The Hardness of Coins Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness Journal Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness Assessment Lesson 12: Weathering Investigating Weathering The Weathering of Rocks Weathering Causes and Effects Weathering Vocabulary Weathering Landforms Weathering Journal Weathering Assessment Lesson 13: All About Fossils You Be the Paleontologist What Is a Fossil? The Fossilization Process All About Fossils Vocabulary Sue, the Tyrannosaurus Rex All About Fossils Journal All About Fossils Assessment Lesson 14: Coal Comparing Types of Coal How Coal Forms Sequencing Coal Formation Coal Vocabulary Classification and Ranks of Coal Coal Journal Coal Assessment Lesson 15: Gemstones and Gems You Be the Gemologist The World of Gemstones Grouping Gemstones Gemstones and Gems Vocabulary Birthstones Gemstones and Gems Journal Gemstones and Gems Assessment Lesson 16: What Factors Affect Crystal Growth? 131 The Story of Mapping Vocabulary Crystal Systems: The Shape of Journal Assessment Culminating Activity: Rock On! Museum Project Overview Exhibit Topics and Planning Guide Exhibit Ideas Project Rubric Performance Rubric #12375 Rocks and Minerals Inquiry Handbook Teacher Created Materials
4 Name Lesson 16 What Factors Affect Crystal Growth? Directions: Choose one of the Questions for Investigation below. Use the question you chose to formulate a hypothesis. Then, design an experiment using the materials your teacher has provided to test your hypothesis. Make observations and draw a conclusion. Create a record of your experiment on a separate sheet of paper. Questions for Investigation Do crystals grow more on rocks or metal? Do crystals grow more on smooth or rough objects? Does temperature affect the rate of growth or the size of the crystals? Question Select one of the Questions for Investigation. Write the question you chose. Hypothesis Formulate and record your hypothesis. Experimental Design Design and conduct your experiment similar to the demonstration with crystals that your teacher did with the whole class. Write the steps of your experiment. Reminder: You will need a control group and a test group. Change only one variable, such as the temperature, for the test group. Observation What happened in your experiment? Record your observations. Control Group Test Group Appearance Start 3 hours 24 hours 48 hours Conclusion What is the answer to your question? Write your conclusion. Do your findings support your hypothesis? What did you learn from this experiment? Teacher Created Materials #12375 Rocks and Minerals Inquiry Handbook 131
5 Lesson 16 The Story of What Are? The word crystal comes from the Greek word krystallos. It means icy cold. That is because the Greeks thought that crystals came from water. They thought the water was frozen solid and would not melt. Today, we know that crystals are solids. They are made of atoms arranged in a specific ordered pattern. are the building blocks for minerals. Minerals are made up of crystals. Crystallization is the process that creates crystals. Scientists who study crystals are called crystallographers (crys-tal-log-ra-phers). How Do Get Their Shape? can be six different shapes. These shapes are called crystal systems. The shape depends on how the atoms are connected. Atoms connect in certain ways. Look at a salt crystal with a hand lens. You will see that salt crystals are in the shape of a cube. Sugar crystals are oblong and rougher at the ends. There are other kinds of crystals. Snowflakes are water crystals. Many gemstones are formed from crystals. Silicon crystals are in solar panels. They change sunlight into energy we can use. Tiny crystals are used in some electronics. Quartz crystals are used for lenses found in telescopes and digital watches. The Size of salt crystals sugar crystals come in all sizes. Some crystals are very crystals in Naica, Mexico large and can be seen easily, but some can only be seen with special microscopes. In the Cave of the in Naica, Mexico, workers found some of the largest crystals ever seen. One of them is 11 meters (36 feet) long and 1.2 meters (4 feet) wide! Those crystals formed thousands of years ago. 132 #12375 Rocks and Minerals Inquiry Handbook Teacher Created Materials
6 Name Lesson 16 Mapping Directions: Think about the information you read on the previous page and complete the concept map below. Definition Shapes and Sizes of Crystal Examples Uses of Teacher Created Materials #12375 Rocks and Minerals Inquiry Handbook 133
7 Lesson 16 Name Vocabulary Directions: Write the vocabulary word or phrase next to its definition. Choose words from the Word Box below. Word Box crystal crystallization crystallographer crystal system Vocabulary Word Definition 1. any of the six main classifications of crystals according to their geometric shapes 2. the process of crystal formation 3. a geometric, solid material with flat surfaces that forms in an orderly, repeating pattern 4. a scientist who studies the forms and structure of crystals Directions: Illustrate each term in the spaces below. crystal crystallization crystallographer crystal system 134 #12375 Rocks and Minerals Inquiry Handbook Teacher Created Materials
8 Lesson 16 Crystal Systems: The Shape of Teacher Created Materials #12375 Rocks and Minerals Inquiry Handbook 135
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