Elements Minerals Rock
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2 Elements Minerals Rock
3 Minerals Naturally occurring Solid Inorganic/Non-living Fixed chemical formula Crystalline structure Identified by hardness characteristic
4 Minerals (examples) Halite(table salt) is a mineral. Sugar is a crystalline solid but comes from plants, sugar cane. This classifies it as an organic compound and so is not a mineral. Coal on the other hand also comes from plants (organic) and is generally considered a mineral.
5 What is a Rock anyways? A solid, naturally occurring, make up of minerals or mineral like matter. Not organic Constantly changing forms
6 What are Rocks made of? Some rocks are just composed of just one mineral. (ex: quartz) Most rocks are a mixture of several minerals. (ex: granite)
7 Why care about Rocks? Energy & Commerce Fossil Fuels Gems Countertops & other building materials History of the Earth Dinosaurs, Pass Climates, Pangaea Other Planets Meteorites Rock Samples (from missions) Careers Geologists, Archeologist, Climatologist, Engineers, Architects, Artists
8 3 Types of Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Rocks are classified by the processes under which they were formed.
9 How to identify rocks? Color Luster Weight Fracture - breaks Weight Magnetism Tenacity - toughness Hardness scratch test Transparency Magnetism Crystal Formation Scientist used to lick and taste rocks! Not a good idea there is a lot of Arsenic out there!
10 General Characteristic of Rocks Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Crystals Fine-grained Glassy Bubbles Warped Distorted Bands Flakes Dense Layers Fossils Fragments
11 Igneous Rock Latin for fire Formed when magma cools (lava) and makes crystals The rate at which they cool determines type. Basalt Pumice Granite Underground- magma cools slowly Above ground - magma cools quickly.
12 IGNEOUS ROCK Igneous Rock form from magma within boundaries of a continent is mostly composed of Granite. Igneous Rock form from magma within boundaries of the ocean is mostly composed of Basalt.
13 Sedimentary Rock Latin for settling Sediments of different types of rocks together into layers. cemented together large pieces with mud or silt Processes; Weathering, Deposition, Erosion, Compaction, Cementation Sandstone Halite (salt) Coal Shale
14 Sedimentary Rock Limestone is a sedimentary rock consisting of more than 50% calcium carbonate (calcite - CaCO 3 ). There are many different types of limestone formed through a variety of processes. Limestone can be precipitated from water (non-clastic, chemical or inorganic limestone), secreted by marine organisms such as algae and coral (biochemical limestone), or can form from the shells of dead sea creatures (bioclastic limestone). Some limestones form from the cementation of sand and / or mud by calcite (clastic limestone), and these often have the appearance of sandstone or mudstone. As calcite is the principle mineral component of limestone, it will fizz in dilute hydrochloric acid.
15 Metamorphic Rock Latin Meta - change Morph - form When rocks are changed due to heat and pressure. Has to be a great deal of heat like in the mantle. (Think convergence boundaries) Marble (Parent rock of Limestone) Slate Gneiss
16 Rock Cycle Cooling Melting Weathering And Erosion Heat and Pressure Melting Weathering And Erosion Compaction And concreting Weathering And Erosion Heat and Pressure
17 Plate Tectonics Causes Faults Sedimentary Basin Mountains Volcanos Earthquakes
18 Sedimentary Basin (divergent boundary) a low area in the Earth s crust, of tectonic origin, in which sediments (sand, mud etc.) accumulate range in size from hundreds of meters to large parts of ocean basins
19 A Brief Tour
20 Crystal size Grain Size Description
21 COOKIES! Bring a batch of cookies enough for everyone in class. Make sure they are unique we need variety. Homemade or store-bought. NEED TUESDAY!! Please don t all bring Chocolate chip!
22 Igneous rocks have Intergrown Crystals Not Intergrown
23 Intergrown
24 Where it was formed? Outside the volcano: Extrusive Inside the Earth: Intrusive
25 Bubbles? Yes= Vesicular
26 Bubbles? No=Non-vesicular
27 Color Felsic refers to rocks that rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz Neither Light nor Dark Very Light NotVery Light Not Very DarkVery Dark Light Dark Darkest Lightest Mafic is rock that is rich in magnesium and iron
28 Density Very Light Light Dense Very Dense Medium Density
29 Finding The Minerals Identify the rock. Unless you have other information, work in the middle of the rock s box.
30 This is the amount of Potassium Feldspar in the rock.
31 This is the amount of Quartz in the rock.
32 This is the amount of Plagioclase Feldspar in the rock.
33 Use tick marks on a scrap paper to measure the percentage. Potassium Feldspar 25% Quartz 40%
34 Practice Name a light-colored, fine-grained rock with no bubbles.
35 Name a coarse-grained, dense rock.
36 Name a very light-colored, glassy, extrusive rock with bubbles.
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