9/11/2017 ROCKS AND MINERALS UNIT 1. Observing Natural Resources. Lab 3

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1 ROCKS AND MINERALS UNIT 1 Observing Natural Resources Lab 3 1

2 Vocabulary: Natural Resource: Any naturally occurring substance that is useful Renewable: Able to be replenished Non-renewable: Not easily or quickly replaced Focus Question: What useful properties do natural resources have? Hypothesis: Answer the Focus Question 2

3 Procedures: Read through steps 1-6 on page B-5 of the text book. DATA: Natural Resource Observations Ranking Reason(s) for Ranking Coal Rock with Fossils Rock with garnets Wood 3

4 Analysis: 1. What was the most valuable natural resource, according to the class? 2. What was the least valuable resource according to the class? 3. What else would you like to know about these natural resources to help you determine their value? Conclusion: What was the purpose of this lab? Summarize what we did during this investigation. What did you learn from completing this lab? 4

5 The Diamond Dilemma Lab 4 Focus Question: What information can you get from examining a material? 5

6 Hypothesis State your own answer to the focus question. Vocab: Crystal Shape : The shape of a crystal sample of a mineral, generally referred to by mineralogists as crystal habit Luster: The shininess of a material Property: The nature of a material, such as the physical qualities of color, hardness, state, density, and conductivity. 6

7 Vocabulary: Mineral: A naturally occurring (solid) material that has a specific chemical composition, crystal form and characteristic physical properties. Crystalline solids are found naturally in the earth. There are about 3,500 different minerals Data: Property Observations of Material Color Transparency Luster Crystal Shape Size (longest edge) Harder or softer than copper Harder or softer than glass 7

8 Procedures: Follow the procedures in the lab handout. Analysis: 1. Every group received a sample of the same material. Which observation(s) do you believe will be most useful when trying to identifying the material? 2. What material do you think this is? Could it be diamond? Explain using your observations. 8

9 Conclusion: What was the purpose of this activity? What did you do during this activity? What did you learn by completing this activity? Analyzing Diamond Data Lab 5 9

10 Vocabulary: Acrylic: a type of synthetic (man made) plastic. Diamond: A mineral typically colorless and made of pure carbon. The hardest naturally occurring substance. Fluorite: A mineral that can form octahedral crystals. Vocabulary: Glass: A solid substance that does not form crystals. Glass is not a mineral. 10

11 Focus Question: What additional information would we need to identify the unknown sample? Hypothesis: State your own prediction to the focus question. 11

12 Procedure: Follow steps 1-7 on page B-12 of the text book. Analysis Questions: 12

13 Conclusions: What was the purpose of this activity? What properties are most useful when identifying a mineral? How did you identify your mineral sample as fluorite? Mineral Properties Lab 6 13

14 Vocabulary: Crystalline structure: the regular pattern of atoms, molecules, or ions in a crystal. Geologist: Scientist who studies the earth and the changes that take place on and beneath its surface. Vocabulary cont.: Rock: A naturally occurring solid substance composed of one or more minerals. Synthetic: A material that is not naturally occurring. Synthetic materials are made by humans instead of by nature. 14

15 Focus Question: What makes diamonds a valuable natural resource? Hypothesis: :Answer the focus question here 15

16 Procedures: Read through the lab on page B-14 and complete student data sheet 15.1 Three-Level Reading Guide. Analysis Questions: 1. Does the size of a mineral affect its properties? 2. Is the mineral color always the same as the streak color? 3. How do you determine mineral hardness? 16

17 Mineral ID Lab 7 Focus Question: How do we identify an unknown mineral? Hypothesis: Write your answer to the focus question here 17

18 Procedure: 1. Obtain a tray with your materials 2. Choose 1 of the 7 minerals to observe first 3. Identify the mineral s color and luster (The mineral will have either a metallic or non-metallic luster) 4. Identify the color of the mineral s streak by rubbing it against the porcelain plate. 5. Determine the hardness of the mineral by scratching the mineral against copper and glass. DATA: Mineral Name Color Luster (metallic or non-metallic) Streak Color Hardness (1-10) A= B= C= D= E= F= G= 18

19 Analysis: 1. Which mineral(s) that you tested was/were the hardest? 2. Which mineral(s) had a metallic luster? 3. Which mineral(s) had a different streak color than the color of the mineral? Analysis: 4. Identify the Minerals: A= B= C= D= E= F= G= 19

20 Conclusion: What was the purpose of this activity? (what were we trying to learn) What did you do during this activity? (summarize your procedure) What did you learn about minerals and mineral identification by completing this lab? Rock Formation Lab 8 20

21 Focus Question: How are rocks formed? Hypothesis: Answer the focus question here Vocabulary: Magma: Molten rock found beneath the Earth s surface Lava: Molten rock found on the surface of Earth. 21

22 Vocabulary: Igneous: Rocks that have formed from the cooling of magma and/or lava. Metamorphic: A rock formed when another rock has been changed because of Earth s heat and/or pressure Sedimentary: A type of rock that is made up of sediments that have been cemented together, such as shale, sandstone, and limestone. Turn to Page B-34 22

23 Analysis: Answer analysis questions 1-3 on page B-37 Conclusions: What was the purpose of the reading? Explain the different ways that rocks can form. Does the cost of an object always reflect its true value? Explain. 23

24 Identifying Rock Types Lab 9 Focus Question: How can we identify different types of rocks? Hypothesis: Answer the focus question 24

25 Igneous Rock Igneous rock is formed by the cooling of magma. Surface can be as smooth as glass or individual crystals may be large enough to see by eye. Crystals seem to interlock like a puzzle 25

26 Sedimentary Formed by Tiny rock pieces cemented together Can contain fossils Can feel individual sand or pebbles Can be crumbly Layers 26

27 Metamorphic Formed by high heat and/or high pressure of the earth Often may see bands, like the rock was pressed together. 27

28 Elephant s Trunk Nebula Name of Rock Coal Gabbro Observations of Identifying Characteristics Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary Gneiss Granite Limestone Obsidian Phyllite Sandstone 28

29 Color Name of Rock Observations of Identifying Characteristics Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary yellow Coal Sedimentary Purple red Light blue Blue White brown black Gabbro Gneiss Granite Limestone Obsidian Phyllite Sandstone Color Name of Rock Observations of Identifying Characteristics Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary yellow Coal Sedimentary Purple Gabbro Igneous red Light blue Blue White brown black Gneiss Granite Limestone Obsidian Phyllite Sandstone 29

30 Color Name of Rock Observations of Identifying Characteristics Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary yellow Coal Sedimentary Purple Gabbro Igneous red Gneiss Metamorphic Light blue Blue White brown black Granite Limestone Obsidian Phyllite Sandstone Color Name of Rock Observations of Identifying Characteristics Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary yellow Coal Sedimentary Purple Gabbro Igneous red Gneiss Metamorphic Light blue Granite Igneous Blue White brown black Limestone Obsidian Phyllite Sandstone 30

31 Color Name of Rock Observations of Identifying Characteristics Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary yellow Coal Sedimentary Purple Gabbro Igneous red Gneiss Metamorphic Light blue Granite Igneous Blue Limestone Sedimentary White brown black Obsidian Phyllite Sandstone Color Name of Rock Observations of Identifying Characteristics Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary yellow Coal Sedimentary Purple Gabbro Igneous red Gneiss Metamorphic Light blue Granite Igneous Blue Limestone Sedimentary White Obsidian Igneous brown black Phyllite Sandstone 31

32 Color Name of Rock Observations of Identifying Characteristics Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary yellow Coal Sedimentary Purple Gabbro Igneous red Gneiss Metamorphic Light blue Granite Igneous Blue Limestone Sedimentary White Obsidian Igneous brown Phyllite Metamorphic black Sandstone Color Name of Rock Observations of Identifying Characteristics Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary yellow Coal Sedimentary Purple Gabbro Igneous red Gneiss Metamorphic Light blue Granite Igneous Blue Limestone Sedimentary White Obsidian Igneous brown Phyllite Metamorphic black Sandstone Sedimentary 32

33 COAL = Sedimentary Gabbro = Igneous 33

34 Gneiss = Metamorphic Granite = Igneous 34

35 Limestone = Sedimentary Obsidian = Igneous 35

36 Phyllite = Metamorphic Sandstone = Sedimentary 36

37 Analysis: 1. Do all rocks of the same type, such as all igneous rocks, look the same? Explain. 2. Which rock type was the most difficult to identify? Explain why. Conclusions: What was the purpose of this lab? Summarize what we did during the lab. Explain what you learned about rocks by completing this lab. 37

38 Rock Review (Igneous): Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Surface can be as smooth as glass or individual crystals may be large enough to see by eye. Interlocking crystals/shiny surfaces Rock Review (Sedimentary): Formed by Tiny rock pieces cemented together Can contain fossils Can feel individual sand or pebbles Can be crumbly Can be lighter than other types of rocks 38

39 Rock Review (Metamorphic): Formed by high heat and/or high pressure of the earth Often may see bands, like the rock was pressed together. Bands of color sandwiched together, may be wavy. Making Minerals Lab 10 39

40 Vocabulary: Model: any representation of a system, or its components, to help one study and understand how it works. Rock Cycle: the continual process that form and break down rocks, often resulting in the formation of one rock type from another. Model: The rock cycle 40

41 Model: The rock cycle Melting Heat & Pressure 41

42 Focus Question: How do diamonds made in lab compare to diamonds mined from the Earth? Hypothesis: Write your own prediction here. 42

43 43

44 44

45 Science Textbook page B-52 45

46 Analysis Questions: 1. Do you think a geologist would consider a manufactured diamond to be a real diamond? Why or why not? 2. Would a geologist consider a manufactured diamond to be a mineral? Why or why not? Analysis Questions: 3. Are rocks and minerals renewable or non-renewable resources? 4. Which type of diamond has less environmental impact, mined or manufactured diamonds? Explain? 46

47 Conclusions Discuss what you learned about the differences between mined and manufactured diamonds? If you were to purchase a diamond, would you rather purchase a mined or manufactured diamond? Why? Do-Now: Use a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between rocks and minerals. 47

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