Happy Tuesday. Pull out a ½ sheet of paper
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1 Happy Tuesday Pull out a ½ sheet of paper
2 1. Physical properties of a mineral are predominantly related to 1. the external conditions of temperature, pressure, and amount of space available for growth. 2. the chemical composition and the internal arrangement of the atoms that make up the mineral. 3. crystal form, hardness, cleavage and fracture, and density. 4. all of the above.
3 2. The color of a mineral is predominantly related to: A. its chemical composition. B. its internal arrangement of atoms. C. its luster. D. temperature and pressure conditions at the time of crystallization.
4 3. The silicates are the most common and abundant mineral group, because silicon and oxygen are: A. the hardest elements on Earth s surface. B. the two most abundant elements in Earth s crust. C. found in the mineral quartz. D. formed in a tetrahedral structure.
5 4. The property of a mineral to break along planes of weakness is referred to as A) cleavage. B) hardness. C) fracture. D) bond strength.
6 8) Mohs scale is based on minerals that have different A) cleavage directions. B) colors. C) hardnesses. D) shapes.
7 1. Physical properties of a mineral are predominantly related to 1. the external conditions of temperature, pressure, and amount of space available for growth. 2. the chemical composition and the internal arrangement of the atoms that make up the mineral. 3. crystal form, hardness, cleavage and fracture, and density. 4. all of the above.
8 2. The color of a mineral is predominantly related to: A. its chemical composition. B. its internal arrangement of atoms. C. its luster. D. temperature and pressure conditions at the time of crystallization.
9 3. The silicates are the most common and abundant mineral group, because silicon and oxygen are: A. the hardest elements on Earth s surface. B. the two most abundant elements in Earth s crust. C. found in the mineral quartz. D. formed in a tetrahedral structure.
10 4. The property of a mineral to break along planes of weakness is referred to as A) cleavage. B) hardness. C) fracture. D) bond strength.
11 8) Mohs scale is based on minerals that have different A) cleavage directions. B) colors. C) hardnesses. D) shapes.
12 Today Salt crystal ACT The Rock cycle Rock types ACT Thursday Finish Rock cycle PP Lab # 3 Rock types
13 The Formation of Minerals Minerals crystallize systematically based on their respective melting points. The first minerals to crystallize from a magma are those with the highest melting point and the lowest amount of silica. The last minerals to crystallize from a magma are those with lower melting points and higher amounts of silica. Feldspars and quartz
14 This is a rock
15 ROCK: Naturally occurring mixture of minerals
16 How to Describe Rocks Photo: E. Puris
17 APPEARANCE OF A ROCK defined by 1) color; 2) mineralogy; 3) size of crystals
18 Source: Tom Bean
19 Sediment Rock fragments, shells, etc.
20 Bedrock Hand Sample Outcrop
21 Geologic Map of Oregon
22 Source: USGS
23 Three Rock Types
24 Igneous rocks Formed by the solidification of magma Distinguished from each other using: Texture Grain size Composition
25 Igneous Rock Texture Aphanitic- too small to see (sugar cookies) Porphyriticboth large grains and groundmass (chocolate chip cookie) Phaneritic- Large interlocking grains (rice crispy treat)
26 IGNEOUS ROCKS GRAIN SIZE: -Extrusive: cool above ground (tiny crystals) -Intrusive: cool below ground (large crystals)
27 Igneous Rock Composition Name (Color light to dark) Felsic- Light Granite (Explosive, ash, pyroclastic volcanoes) Intermediate- diorite (Subduction zone volcanoes) Mafic-Dark Basalt (Slow flowing lava; Hawaii volcanoes) Ultramafic- Very Dark peridotite (mantle) Silica content (SiO 2 ) High (>65%) Intermediate Low Very low (<40%) Magnesium oxide, Iron oxide content (MgO), (FeO) Low Intermediate High High
28 Hawaii Felsic or Mafic? Intrusive or extrusive? Texture?
29 Mt St Helens Felsic or Mafic? Intrusive or extrusive? Texture?
30 Solidified Lava Flow This is an example of an: 1. Intrusive igneous rock 2. Extrusive igneous rock 3. Sediment
31 Volcanic Rocks in the PNW
32 Frozen Magma Chambers in California are: 1. Intrusive igneous rocks 2. Extrusive igneous rocks 3. Sediment
33 Igneous Rocks Granite Andesite Basalt
34 Global Distribution of Igneous Rocks
35 Sedimentary Rock Cemented fragments of sediment (clastic) or Precipitation of a mineral (chemical) Only type of rock to contain fossils
36 Where do you find sediment?
37 Modern Mississippi Delta Source: World Perspectives/Gamma
38 Strata and Bedding
39 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS: result from surface processes (weathering, erosion, precipitation of dissolved minerals)
40 Sedimentary Rocks Shale Sandstone Limestone
41 Distribution of sedimentary rock
42 Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary or igneous rock changed by pressure, temperature or both Foliated Non foliated
43 Strata can be tilted.
44 Strata can be folded
45 Formation of METAMORPHIC ROCKS
46 Metamorphic Rocks Slate Marble Gneiss
47 Mountain Building Creates Metamorphic Rocks
48 Distribution of Metamorphic Rocks
49 Igneous Rocks Magma Heat & Pressure Sediments Burial, Compression &Lithification Melting Sedimentary Rocks Melting Metamorphic Rock Heat & Pressure
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Igneous Rocks What are igneous rocks? In your textbook, read about the nature of igneous rocks. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the following statements. extrusive igneous rock intrusive
More informationWhich rock is shown? A) slate B) dunite C) gneiss D) quartzite
1. Which metamorphic rock will have visible mica crystals and a foliated texture? A) marble B) quartzite C) schist D) slate 2. The recrystallization of unmelted material under high temperature and pressure
More information2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures
CHAPTER 4 2 Igneous Rock SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture
More informationEarth Materials. The Crust and its Composition. Igneous Rocks. Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. Metamorphic Rocks. The Cycle of Rock Change
Earth Materials The Crust and its Composition Igneous Rocks Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks The Cycle of Rock Change The Crust and its Composition oxygen and silicon account for about
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Rocks and the Rock Cycle. made of a. inorganic matter. b. solid organic matter. c. liquid organic matter. d. chemicals.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Rocks and the Rock Cycle 1. The solid part of Earth is made up of material called a. glacial ice. b. lava. c. rock. d. wood. 2. Rock can be a collection of one
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