TRACE FOSSIL FOSSIL ICE CORE RELATIVE DATING SUPERPOSITION ABSOLUTE DATING GEOLOGIC COLUMN UNIFORMITARIANISM HALF-LIFE RADIOACTIVE DECAY

Transcription

1 THIS IS NOT THE SAME TEST. YOU MUST ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. NAME: Bubble the circle below U3L1 Write the letter next to the vocab term VOCAB MATCH 1 A. O B. O C. O D. O 1 2 A. O B. O C. O D. O 2 3 A. O B. O C. O D. O 3 4 A. O B. O C. O D. O 4 5 A. O B. O C. O D. O 5 U3L2 1 A. O B. O C. O D. O 7 2 A. O B. O C. O D. O 8 3 A. O B. O C. O D. O 9 4 A. O B. O C. O D. O 10 5 A. O B. O C. O D. O 11 U3L3 1 A. O B. O C. O D. O A. 2 A. O B. O C. O D. O B. 3 A. O B. O C. O D. O C. 4 A. O B. O C. O D. O D. 5 A. O B. O C. O D. O E. Benchmark Review 1 A. O B. O C. O D. O G. 2 A. O B. O C. O D. O H. 3 A. O B. O C. O D. O I. 4 A. O B. O C. O D. O J. 5 A. O B. O C. O D. O K. 6 F. TRACE FOSSIL FOSSIL ICE CORE RELATIVE DATING SUPERPOSITION ABSOLUTE DATING GEOLOGIC COLUMN UNIFORMITARIANISM HALF-LIFE RADIOACTIVE DECAY RADIOMETRIC DATING determining the actual age of an event or object remains of organisms from long long long ago the time required for half of a sample of a radioactive isotope to break down by radioactive decay to form a daughter isotope that geologic processes that happened in the past can be explained by current geologic processes younger rocks lie above older rocks determining whether an object or event is younger or older than others fossils formed by animal activity ordered arrangement of rock layers based on the relative ages of rocks a method fo determining the absolute age of an object by comparing the relative percentages of a radioactive parent isotope and a stable daughter isotope what scientists collect in long cylinders when they drill down into ice caps the process in which a radioactive isotope tends to break down into a stable isotope of the same element or another element 6 A. O B. O C. O D. O 7 A. O B. O C. O D. O 8 A. O B. O C. O D. O 9 A. O B. O C. O D. O 10 A. O B. O C. O D. O 11 A. O B. O C. O D. O 12 A. O B. O C. O D. O

2 U3L1 -- Geologic Change Over Time 1. Sometimes a fossil is formed as a result of the movement of an organism in soft sediment. What type of fossil is this called? A. trace fossil B. bone fossil C. frozen fossil D. petrified fossil 2. In the 1830s, an English scientist proposed the idea of uniformitarianism to describe the process of geologic change on Earth. Which of the following words is most closely associated with uniformitarianism? A. gradual B. catastrophic C. rare D. sudden 3. If you looked closely at a sedimentary rock, you might be able to tell how the rock was formed. Which of the following would provide the best evidence of how the rock was formed? A. the rock s age B. the rock s color C. the rock s fossil content D. the rock s texture 4. Ricardo was doing a laboratory exercise on geologic change over time. The figure below shows what he was doing. What was Ricardo doing? A. modeling ice core formation B. modeling fossil formation C. modeling an unconformity D. modeling a geologic column 5. Fossils of the same plants and animal species have been found on continents that are separated by the Atlantic Ocean. Which of the following statements does this observation support? A. These animals and plants crossed the Atlantic Ocean. B. The Atlantic Ocean was once a large body of freshwater. C. The continents that are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean have the same kinds of organisms today as they did millions of years ago. D. The continents that are now separated by the Atlantic Ocean once formed a single landmass.

3 U3L2 -- Relative Dating Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. Which of these choices is an example of the way a geologist would use relative dating? A. placing rock layers in order of oldest to youngest B. determining the minerals that make up rocks C. classifying rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic D. using radioactive isotopes to determine the exact age of rock samples 2. The picture below shows the rock layers in one part of the Grand Canyon. Based on the law of superposition, what is the order of these rock layers, from oldest to youngest? A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 2, 1, 4, 3 C. 4, 3, 2, 1 D. 3, 4, 1, 2 3. An igneous intrusion cuts through three layers of sedimentary rock. Which rock is the youngest? A. the top layer of sedimentary rock B. the igneous intrusion C. the middle layer of sedimentary rock D. the bottom layer of sedimentary rock 4. Which property of fossils allows scientists to determine the relative ages of rock layers? A. Fossils form from the remains of living organisms. B. Fossils are usually found only in sedimentary rock. C. Fossils show change over time as species evolve. D. Fossils can be analyzed to determine their exact ages. 5. A scientist wants to make a geologic column of rock layers from different parts of a state. How will the scientist do this? A. The scientist will measure the exact ages of the rocks found in each part of the state. B. The scientist will organize the layers by comparing the fossils and types of rocks. C. The scientists will look at the surface features in each area to organize the layers. D. The scientist will select one area in the state and use only those layers to construct the geologic column.

4 U3L3 -- Absolute Dating Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. What is the approximate age of Earth? A. 4.6 million years B. 4.6 billion years C. 46,000 years D. 4,600 years 2. What materials does radiometric dating use to determine the age of objects? A. isotopes B. fossils C. tree rings D. rock layers 3. During one kind of radioactive decay, potassium-40 breaks down into argon-40. Which of the following can be determined about argon-40? A. Argon-40 is the parent isotope. B. Argon-40 is just as stable as potassium-40. C. Argon-40 is more stable than potassium-40. D. Argon-40 is less stable than potassium The age of a rock sample can be determined by finding the relative amount of a parent isotope that has changed into a daughter isotope within the sample. Which property of radioactive decay allows the age of the rock to be determined in years? A. releases energy B. releases particles C. happens at a set rate D. happens in all rocks 5. The table below shows the half-lives of three isotopes. Isotope uranium-238 uranium-235 Half-Life 4.5 billion years 704 billion years potassium billion years Which statement best explains why these isotopes can be used to date rocks? A. They all decay at set rates. B. They are all rare isotopes. C. They are all large isotopes. D. They are all stable over time.

5 Unit 3 Benchmark Review Choose the letter of the best answer. Lina is studying different isotopes. She drew the diagram below to show a relationship between carbon-14 and nitrogen-14. What is the correct term for the process shown above? A. radioactive decay B. absolute decay C. relative dating D. unconformity A team of scientists is searching for specimens to understand how Earth s climate has changed in the past. The black boxes in the figure below show where this team has drilled to obtain such specimens. What were these scientists drilling for? A. ice cores B. surface landforms C. fossils preserved in amber D. sea-floor sediments

6 A trace fossil includes no physical remains of the organism, but only a mark or imprint left behind by the organism. Which of these choices is not an example of a trace fossil? A. footprint in sediment B. coprolite in sediment C. insect in amber D. burrow in the sea floor Weather is not the same as climate. What is the main difference between these two concepts? A. The main difference is how both are measured. B. Only weather includes information about the temperature. C. The main difference is the length of time over which both are measured. D. Only climate includes information about the precipitation. Tiny fossils provide evidence that life on Earth began at least 3.5 billion years ago. According to this fossil evidence, about how old was Earth when life first appeared on the planet? A. 4.6 billion years B. 3.5 billion years C. 1.1 billion years D. 2.3 billion years A team of geologists compared the rock layers found in Florida to those found in northwest Africa. They placed all of the rock layers from the two regions in order from youngest to oldest. What did the team make? A. a geologic record B. a fossil record C. a topographic map D. a geologic column Jacob has one older brother and one younger sister. He wants to explain relative dating to them using their ages as an example. Which of these statements describes their ages using relative dating? A. Their ages are 14, 12, and 9. B. They are all about the same age. C. Jacob is younger than his brother, but older than his sister. D. The boys have different ages than the girl.

7 Basalt is a gray or black igneous rock. Pilar uses an absolute dating method to study a sample of basalt. What will the method help her learn about the basalt sample? A. the mineral composition of the sample B. the age of the sample C. the physical structure of the sample D. the geographic distribution of the sample Scientists have determined an approximate age for Earth. To do this, they tested samples of meteorites, rock from the moon, and rocks from other parts of the solar system. Which method could be used to determine the age of these samples? A. radiocarbon dating B. index fossil dating C. uranium-lead dating D. sedimentary rock dating Which type of evidence acts as a record of changes in species over time and indicates major changes in Earth s surface and climate? A. movement of continents B. fossil record C. ripple marks and mud cracks D. composition of ice core samples Ava visited the Grand Canyon. She was very impressed by the rock formations and decided to sketch them. This figure shows what she drew. What type of rock did Ava see? A. fossilized B. igneous C. sedimentary D. metamorphic At one time, several kinds of camels lived in Florida. The evidence comes from fossils found in Florida. Which of these objects would be a fossil that shows that camels once lived in Florida? A. sinkhole formed by a retreating glacier B. sedimentary rock that formed a long time ago C. remains of an organism preserved by geologic processes D. crystal formation suspended from the ceiling of a cave