Draw a picture of an erupting volcano and label using the following words/phrases: magma; lava; cools slowly; cools quickly; intrusive; extrusive

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1 Lesson 3.2a NOTES: Igneous Rocks (Unlock) Essential Question: How are igneous rocks described? Learning Target: I can describe how igneous rocks are formed and classified Igneous Rock How does igneous rock form? What are some characteristics of igneous rock? How does lava and magma compare? Draw a picture of an erupting volcano and label using the following words/phrases: magma; lava; cools slowly; cools quickly; intrusive; extrusive Complete the table using the terms below: Extrusive Formed When Intrusive Appearance melted rock cools on Earth's surface NO large crystals (basalt) magma cools slowly Extrusive melted rock cools beneath Earth's surface lava cools quickly large crystals (granite) Intrusive 1

2 Lesson 3.2b NOTES: Sedimentary Rocks (Unlock) Essential Question: How are sedimentary rocks described? Learning Target: I can describe how sedimentary rocks are formed and classified Sedimentary Rocks How does sedimentary rock form? Use the following terms in your response: sediments, compact, cement, weather, erode What are some characteristics of sedimentary rock? Define the following words: compaction; sedimentation; cementation Beach Sand- complete the following Three friends were walking along a beach. They looked closely at the sand and noticed it was made up of tiny particles of rock. They had different ideas about where the sand came from. Molly: "I think the sand came from distant mountains and landforms." Fidel: "I think the sand came from rocks on the ocean floor." Lynn: "I think the sand came from undersea mountains and sea floor formations." a. Which friend to you agree with and why? Explain your thinking of how the sand formed and ended up on the beach. b. Read and take notes on the explanation text below: Explanation Text: Molly s idea is the best response. In the example, the beach sand is formed from the wearing away of rock at the Earth s surface. The weathered rock is carried away by wind and water (eroded) where it eventually ended up in the ocean. The small particles of rock were tossed about by the oceans, washing up on the beach as sediment. While it intuitively appears that the sand originated from the oceans, which is partially correct, it actually came from somewhere else before ending up in the ocean. Wind and rain constantly erode mountains, hillsides, and other landforms that are made up of rocks. These rocks are composed of many common minerals, such as quartz, feldspar, and mica. The small pieces of rock and minerals find their way into streams and eventually the mouth of rivers where they are washed out to sea. Currents can carry the sediments many miles away, eventually depositing them along the shoreline. When you walk along the beach you may be walking on tiny grains from mighty mountains, far away from the shoreline. This probe addresses how weathering and erosion break down landforms to small sediments that make up beaches or rocks. 2

3 Lesson 3.2a CLASSWORK: Igneous Rocks Learning Target: I can describe how igneous rocks are formed and classified Vocabulary: igneous, magma, lava Warm Up: Complete Socrative Assessment. Copy errors and confusions. Teaching: Review LT; Vocabulary; Socrative Results Possible Misconception: Would you rather be burned by lava or magma? Task: 1. Draw a sketch of the 3 rock samples. Include labels. (minerals, crystals, gas pockets) a. How would you classify each sample? b. Describe the way they formed? c. Why might they possess different colors? 2. Enrichment: "Literacy Text: Igneous Rocks" **See page 5 of this document Summarize: 1. Check table 2. Check for understanding: Describe the characteristics of a rock that formed from magma that began to cool slowly underground and then erupted onto Earth's surface. 3

4 Lesson 3.2b CLASSWORK: Sedimentary Rocks Learning Target: I can describe how sedimentary rocks are formed and classified Vocabulary: sedimentary, compact, cement, weather, erode Warm Up: Complete Socrative Assessment. Copy errors and confusions. Possible Misconception: Where does beach sand come from? Teaching: Review LT; Vocabulary; Socrative Results Possible Misconception: Would you rather be burned by lava or magma? Task: 1. Draw a sketch of the 3 rock samples. Include labels. (sediments; course grained; fine grained; fossils; layers) a. How would you classify each sample? b. Describe the way they formed? c. Why might they possess different colors? 2. How could 5 slices of bread and a textbook be used to model how pressure affects sedimentary rocks? 3. Enrichment: a. "Literacy Text: Sedimentary Rock" **See page 6 of this document b. "Literacy Texts: Stalactites and Stalagmites" **See pages 7-10 of this document 4

5 Name: Date: Class: #: Literacy Text: Igneous Rocks It s possible for a single mixture of minerals to produce more than one type of rock. Read the passage and study the table below. Then answer the questions that follow on a separate sheet of paper. The Same But Different Can two different rocks with different names have the same mineral composition? The answer is yes. There are six major kinds of igneous rocks: granite, diorite, gabbro, rhyolite, andesite, and basalt. Geologists usually group these six kinds of igneous rocks in pairs, because each pair generally contains the same minerals. Study the table below to see which igneous rocks are the same but different. Intrusive Rocks (Course-grained) Extrusive Rocks (Fine-grained) Minerals Common Igneous Rocks Granite Diorite Gabbro Rhyolite Andesite Basalt Quartz, Feldspar, Muscovite, Amphibole Amphibole, Feldspar, Pyroxene Feldspar, Pyroxene, Olivine, Amphibole Color Light colored Medium gray or green Dark gray to black à àààààààààà Silica content of rock decreases à àààààààààà à àààààààààà Rock color becomes darker à àààààààààà 1. Which of the six major types of rock are intrusive and which are extrusive? 2. Compare granite with rhyolite. How are the similar? How are they different? 3. Compare the mineral composition of diorite with the mineral composition of andesite. 4. In what way is gabbro different from basalt? What can you infer about how these two kinds of igneous rocks form? 5. How is granite like gabbro? 6. Which rock has more silica in it, granite or basalt? 7. Is a rock with more silica in it more likely to be lighter or darker than a rock with less silica in it? 5

6 Name: Date: Class: #: Literacy Text: Sedimentary Rocks Coal is one of the most useful rocks on Earth. Read the passage below and study the diagram. Then answer the questions that follow on a separate sheet of paper. The Formation of Coal Coal is an organic sedimentary rock. One of its properties is that it burns. Coal provides energy for industries and for the production of electricity. Much of the country s best coal is found in Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama. The formation of this large coalfield began about 300 million years ago during the time geologists call the Carboniferous Period. During that period, vast tropical swamp forests covered much of North America. When these ancient trees died, they fell into the swamp water, which was low in oxygen. Instead of rotting, as they would in an oxygen-rich environment, the dead vegetation piled up. The sequence of pictures below tells the rest of the story of how this plant matter became coal. 1. What is coal? 2. When did the coal deposits of the eastern United States begin to form? What were the environmental conditions like at that time? 3. What is peat? 4. What process caused peat to become coal? 5. A type of coal called anthracite is classified by geologists is a metamorphic rock. It is much harder than sedimentary coal. Describe how you think anthracite forms. 6

7 Name: Date: Class: #: Literacy Text: Stalactites and Stalagmites If you have ever been inside a cave, you may have seen beautiful, icicle-like objects hanging from the ceilings. These stone formations are stalactites and they are found in many limestone caves. Often, formations similar to stalactites grow on the floors of caves. These look like upside-down icicles and are called stalagmites. (These names are often confusing. A good way to remember which is which is that stalactites are on the ceiling, and stalagmites are on the ground.) How do stalactites and stalagmites form? They form when groundwater that contains carbonic acid seeps through limestone. As the water seeps through, it dissolves a mineral called calcite in the limestone. The water then forms droplets that hang from the ceilings of caves. As the droplets hang, the carbon dioxide they contain is lost into the air of the cave. This leaves small amounts of calcite that slowly accumulate and grow. Over hundreds or thousands of years, these calcite deposits grow into stalactites. Stalagmites form from the calcite that drips from cave ceilings onto the cave floors. These deposits accumulate upward. Often, a stalagmite will grow directly below a stalactite. Draw and label an illustration of the text below: 7

8 1. Why do you think some stalactites grow without a stalagmite below them, or some stalagmites grow without a stalactite above them? 2. Are stalactites and stalagmites igneous or sedimentary? Explain. 8

9 Name: Date: Class: #: Literacy Text: Stalactites and Stalagmites If you have ever been inside a cave, you may have seen beautiful, icicle-like objects hanging from the ceilings. These stone formations are stalactites and they are found in many limestone caves. Often, formations similar to stalactites grow on the floors of caves. These look like upside-down icicles and are called stalagmites. (These names are often confusing. A good way to remember which is which is that stalactites are on the ceiling, and stalagmites are on the ground.) How do stalactites and stalagmites form? They form when groundwater that contains carbonic acid seeps through limestone. As the water seeps through, it dissolves a mineral called calcite in the limestone. The water then forms droplets that hang from the ceilings of caves. As the droplets hang, the carbon dioxide they contain is lost into the air of the cave. This leaves small amounts of calcite that slowly accumulate and grow. Over hundreds or thousands of years, these calcite deposits grow into stalactites. Stalagmites form from the calcite that drips from cave ceilings onto the cave floors. These deposits accumulate upward. Often, a stalagmite will grow directly below a stalactite. Label the illustration below: 9

10 1. Why do you think some stalactites grow without a stalagmite below them, or some stalagmites grow without a stalactite above them? 2. Are stalactites and stalagmites igneous or sedimentary? Explain. 10

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