Application Issues in GIS: the UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis. Paul Longley UCL

Transcription

1 Application Issues in GIS: the UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis Paul Longley UCL

2

3 GIS: inclusive, shared understanding Geodemographics as a focus of interest Profiling public goods and services Geo-genealogy and ethnic profiling Accountability: the E-Society and PPGIS Prospects Profiling and serving bespoke classifications

4 Context: (1) the Google generation Search engines, data assembly and the practice of science Google Earth and Maps as nascent media for spatial information exchange

5 - 30K Developer Sites in first 12 months using Google Maps API - 51 million independent web mentions of Google Map API - 130K Blog Posts in first 12 months mentioning Google Maps - 1 billion installs (downloads?) in first 12 months Google Earth - 67cm resolution satellite photos for 30% of Earth's population -Michael Jones (Google Chief Technical Officer) Search Term Google Map Source:

6

7 Context: (2) Geodemographics geodemographic indicators small area measures of social, economic and demographic conditions scale neighbourhoods as aggregations of unit postcodes

8

9 A tried and tested technology, with academic roots Park, Burgess and the urban ecology of 1920s Chicago Business applications Supplementation of framework data with lifestyles Attributes, Scale, Refresh Developments in data collection, availability, handling technology. Empowerment The drive towards bespoke classifications

10 Newcastle : Jesmond ward Mosaic by Postcode Twilight Subsistence Municipal Dependency Welfare Borderline University Challenge Town Gown Transition Victorian Villas Settled Minorities

11 Who are geographers? Symbols of Success Index Score (Base 100) Welfare Borderline UCAS Preferred Applications

12 Too Many Too Few

13 Other public goods and services

14 Command and Control approach Cabinet Office, HM Treasury; PSAs Home Office; KPIs Legislation Audit / Inspection Governance Partnerships: UA, LA, BCU, CDRP, LSP, PCT Neighbourhood service provision Central Government GOs Local Authorities Wards Top down Real communities Assumes homogeneity

15 Neighbourhoods approach Cabinet Office, HM Treasury; PSAs Home Office; KPIs Central Government Legislation Audit / Inspection Governance Partnerships: UA, LA, BCU, CDRP, LSP, PCT Neighbourhood service provision GOs Local Authorities Wards Geodemographics Real communities Acknowledges heterogeneity Bottom up

16 The public private sector dilemma Scientific reproducibility, data sources, black boxes, weighting Accountability and feedback Private versus public goods Creation of data at the local level, e.g. the Census and the Electoral Roll

17

18 Geographical Location Frequency & Ethnicity

19

20

21

22

23 1 st Month 355k unique users Maximum Daily Peak June - 210k unique users Extensive feedback - over 600 s

24 ~150k Unique Daily Users ~210k Unique Daily Users

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34 Bespoke classifications: the E-Society and PPGIS

35 1990s digital divides digital haves digital have-nots Radically changing With a population increasingly on-line, most people in the UK now have access to some digital technology, either through devices that they own or through usage in public places today s digital differentiation in access to different types of goods and services speed and convenience of access access to new technologies in public and private domains

36 A nationwide classification access to information, pertaining to private and public goods transactions concerning private goods participation in decision making and collective consumption Nationwide typology and areal profiling of use and access to digital technologies

37 Group C : Becoming engaged Members of this Group often acquire their competence in the use of information technology at work, since many of them are young people working in junior white collar occupations in modern offices. They are keen to become more expert in the use of new technologies and to use them for new applications. Many spend time browsing the Internet but without necessarily making many transactions. Many members of this Group work in large cities and may be starting a life in a house that they own, typically in one of the cheaper inner suburbs. Their use of the Internet at work may be a practice that their employers may be keen to control or reduce.

38

39 Similarity Similarity Chart Location Map Location Map SE6 4XD = District Level (SE6)

40 A simple research/evaluation methodology Motivations: Evaluate (breakdown of usage) Validate (ancillary sources and feedback) Keep record of searches (88,272) and responses received (4,041) 15 th Sept 2006 Option to correct our model Wider implications, e.g. bespoke versus general purpose classifiers

41 Where is the E-Society?

42 Postcode Search Propensity by e-society Types Index (Base 100) Group A : E-unengaged Group B : E-marginalised Group C : Becoming engaged Group D : E for entertainment & shopping Group E : E-independents Group F : Instrumental E-users Group G : E-business users Group H : E- experts

43 Postcode Search Propensity by Mosaic Types Index Score (Base 100) Symbols of Success Happy Families Suburban Comfort Ties of Community Urban Intelligence Welfare Borderline Municipal Dependency Blue Collar Enterprise Tw ilight Subsistence Grey Perspectives Rural Isolation 50 0

44 Old etype = A01 A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 B07 B08 B09 C10 C11 D12 D13 E14 E15 E16 F17 F18 F19 F20 G21 H22 H23 etypes A B C D E F G H Feedback Frequency

45 Data quality? A01 A02 A03 A04 A05 A06 B07 B08 B09 C10 C11 D12 D13 E14 E15 E16 F17 F18 F19 F20 G21 H22 H23 Global Connections Cultural Leadership Corporate Chieftains Golden Empty Nesters Provincial Privilege High Technologists Semi-Rural Seclusion

46 Some Prospects Profiling and serving bespoke classifications

47

48

49 OAC London (Super Output Areas) The OAC classification shown here was created using a tool developed at UCL which takes a shapefile and creates a fully working Google Maps website. The aim is to allow hosting and searching of map data.

50 OAC Nottingham (Super Output Areas) The OAC classification for the Midlands Area. The map is currently centred on Nottingham.

51

52 Google Earth: 3D London

53

54 Geography Matters

55 Geography Matters

56

57 Geography Matters

58

59