A Remote Sensing and GIS approach to trace the Densification in Residential Areas

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1 A Remote Sensing and GIS approach to trace the Densification in Residential Areas Valliappan AL Assistant Professor, School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada, India. Date:11/03/2015

2 What is Densification? The increased use of space both horizontally and vertically within existing areas/ properties and new developments accompanied by an increased number of units and/or population thresholds. Incremental densification refers to small-scale densification which is almost invisible, e.g. the subdivision of a residential property or the construction of a second dwelling. Dwelling unit density Number of dwelling units per hectare (du/ha). Population density Number of people per hectare (usually calculated by multiplying the number of units by an appropriate average household size). The number of dwelling units per hectare(includes all infrastructure) Nett du/ha.

3 FORMS OF DENSIFICATION Consolidation with redevelopment at higher densities including the demolition and integration of existing structures The extension of the building or adding on of floors to accommodate an increased number of units Subdivision of land and redevelopment at higher densities Higher density infill on vacant and under- utilized land throughout the built area of the City ADVANTAGES OF RE-DENSIFICATION Reduces the consumption of valuable/non-renewable Resources Facilitates economic opportunities and supports service provision Improves housing patterns and choice of housing type Contributes to urban place-making and improves safety

4 DISTRICT DEHRADUN URBAN AGGLOMERATION DEHRADUN MUNCIPAL CORPORATION

5 City Profile: Dehradun 78 O 00 E to E and N to N Total Population :5,69,578 Estimated Number of H/H: 1,16,000 Average Household Size: 4.7 Total number of wards: Governing bodies: Municipal Corporation of Dehradun and Mussorie Dehradun Development Authority. STUDY AREA PROFILE: The study area comprised of 250 mt. buffer region along both side of kalidas road. The study area is located in north-eastern part of Dehradun. Approximate Area:15 ha. Falls in the ward no. 6 and 7 Length of the Kalidas road is 1.5 Km. Land use as per master plan: Residential Estimated Population of the study area: 2000 Total number of dwelling units: 350 Gross Residential density:50 du/ha Average Size of plots: 2000 sq.m

6 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing Hathi Barkala Area Kalidas Road Kalidas Road and Its surroundings

7 Justification of the Study Area: The study area has observed dynamic growth and development Changes are very rapid in terms of physical development. Easy accessibility of primary data collection and ground truth verification Objectives : 1. To study the temporal changes (between 2001 and 2014 satellite data) in the existing typologies along Kalidas Road, Dehradun, 2. To analyze and quantify the changes and its impact on the infrastructure, 3.Planning issues and impact of re-densification of the existing residential area.

8 Data Used Sensor characteristics IKNOS Pan IKNOS MS Ground Resolution 1 Meter 4 Meter Spectral bands μm μm μm μm μm Study area Kalidas road, Ward no 6 & 7 Kalidas road, Ward no 6 & 7 Acquiring date April Google imagery 2014 Master plan of Dehradun-2025 UDPFI guidelines Ward Map of Municipal Corporation. City Guide Maps

9 Google Earth Image 2014 IKNOS PAN (1 mt) + IKNOS MS (4mt ) 2001 Geo-correction, Rectification & Fusion UDPFI Guidelines Master Plan-2025 (MDDA-Byelaws) High Resolution Image Geo-Data Creation (Plot Boundaries) Field Investigation Survey (Ground Truthing) Analysis and Change Detection of Residential and Infrastructural Facilities Infrastructure Facilities Evaluation Methodology: Conclusion and Recommendations

10 Typologies of Housing

facilities. Detached housing units Heights of buildings G+1 Density of 25-30 du/ha 2.

11 Typologies of Housing: 1. Planned Individual Plotted Residential Development Regular sized plots with proper roads and facilities. Detached housing units Heights of buildings G+1 Density of du/ha 2. Enclave Residential Development Regular sized plots and it acts as island. One entry and exit for the entire Development. Land locked development. Detached housing units Heights of building: G+1 and G+G+2

12 3. Unplanned individual plotted development Irregular size plots Inaccessible plots No lighting and ventilation for the plots 100% ground coverage Approach roads are very narrow Heights of G and G+1 4. Street pattern of residential development Plots are arranged in linear shape pattern Regular size plots Heights of G and G+1 Detached housing units

13 5. Apartment /Multi dwelling units Multiple dwelling units in every floor with common facilities It is a semi detached housing Good lighting and ventilation Density of 100 du/ha

14 Land use Map-2000

15 Land use Map-2014 Land use Map-2014

16 Land use Map-2014 Land use Map-2014

17 Plot Area Map-2014

18 Height of Building-2000

19 Height of Building-2014 Plot Area Map-2014

20 Height Plot Change of Building-2014 Area Map-2014 Detection Map-2014

21 Building Byelaws Single Residential Plot: Min: 300 sq.m Max: 2000 sq.m Ground coverage: 75% to 40% Approach Road: 9m Permitted Height: 12m;4 units; G+3 Plot sizes above 500 sq.m- 5% open space to be left for plantation/open space Group Housing S.No. Particulars Plain Areas (in ha) Min Max 1. Group Housing m 2. Cluster m 3. Neighbour m 4. Township m Approach Road width

22 Building Byelaws Water Supply System Existing and proposed water reservoirs INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES Tube wells and Pumping Stations

23 Two WTP of capacity 20 mld and 14 mld. 78% of water supply is through ground water source and 22% from piped water supply. water treatments plants is located at dilaram bazar and treat 16mld from bijapur canal and bandal river. 72mld is the water requirement of the town. CPHEEO norm is 135 lpcd. Estimated Water requirement:135x8000=1.1mld (in present situation) Storm Water Drainage Few parts of are line with stone and brick masonry. Covers have been provided over some length of the drains. The drainage channels are silted and garbage is thrown into these channels and blockage leads to overflow of drains The drainage acts as mixed drainage. Capacity of the drains are of one feet depth

25 Social Facilities S.No. Facilities to be provided as per norms Norms as per UDPFI guidelines Existing facilities on the study area 1 Education 1 for 2500 population Primary school for 500 students Senior secondary school one for 7500 population students 2. Medical Facilities Nursing home, child welfare centre and maternity centre for 45,0000 population ONE INTER COLLEGE, High school AND MIDDLE SCHOOL DISPENSARY ARE AVAILABLE 3. Commercial One for 110 persons ONLY FIVE CONVENIENCE SHOPS ARE EXISTING 4. Parks and Play grounds 3 Sq.m of land for Parks and Playgrounds 5. Socio Cultural Facilities Community Room to be available. UNORGANISED OPEN AVAILBLE NO PROVISION OF COMMUNITY HALLS

27 Planning Issues and Findings Piecemeal approach of development leads to unplanned/haphazard development of residential areas. This leads Irregular sub-division of plots Amalgamation of plots Increase in road network and dead ends roads is a common phenomenon. Width of the road ranges from 2m to 6m. Difficult to provide Physical infrastructure provision. Leads to inaccessible plots Violation of building byelaws in terms of setback, ground coverage and FAR Lack of organized open-space and recreational facilities Lack of public semi public facilities. Master plan-2025 suggests proposed road width of 18m right of way for kalidas road and this leads to demolition of houses. Clear demarcation of income groups in change in topographical condition

29 RECOMMENDATION The existing gaps in infrastructure facilities like water supply, drainage, road widths, sewerage, garbage disposal had to be identified. Augmentation and proposal of new infrastructure works to be carried out before Densification of housing areas.

30 Thank you

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