Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Mapping~ Practices and Standards

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2 STP 1126 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Mapping~ Practices and Standards A. L Johnson, C. B. Pettersson, and J. L. Fulton, editors ASTM Pubhcation Code Number (PCN) ASTM 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 19103

3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Geograph0c Information Systems (GIS) and mappmg--pract0ces and standards / A I Johnson, C B Pettersson, and J L Fulton, ed0tors (STP, 1126) "ASTM pubhcat0on code number (PCN) " Includes b0bhographocal references and mdex ISBN Geographic information systems--standards I Johnson, A I (Arnold Ivan), II Pettersson, C B (C Bemt) III Fulton, James L IV Senes ASTM special techn0cal pubhcat=on, 1126 G70 2 G ' 285--dc CIP Copynght AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS, Philadelphoa, PA All rights reserved Th~s matenal may not be reproduced or cepled, on whole or ~n part, in any pnnted, mechanical, electronic, fdm, or other dostnbut=on and storage media, w~thout the wntten consent of the pubhsher Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy ~tems for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific chents, is granted by the AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS for users registered w0th the Copynght Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, prowded that the base fee of $2 50 per copy, plus $0 50 per page ts paid directly to CCC, 27 Congress St, Salem, MA 01970, (508) For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is /92 $ Peer Review Pohcy Each paper published =n this volume was evaluated by three peer reviewers The authors addressed all of the reviewers' comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s) and the ASTM Committee on Pubhcat=ons The quality of the papers in th~s publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s), but also the work of these peer rewewers The ASTM Comm0ttee on Pubhcatlons acknowledges w0th apprec0atton their ded0catton and contnbut0on to tome and effort on behalf of ASTM Pnnted Jn Ann Arbor, MI September 1992

4 Foreword This pubhcatlon, Geographm Informatson Systems (GIS) and Mappmg--Practtces and Standards, contains selected papers presented at the International Symposium on Mapping and Geographic Information Systems, which was held on June 1990 m San Francisco, Cahfornla The symposium was sponsored by ASTM Committee D 18 on Soil and Rock and the U S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, AM/FM International, Association of American Geographers, Urban and Regaonal Information Systems Assocla- Uon, Canadian Geosclences Advisory Committee, and International Association of Hydrological Sciences Ivan Johnson, A Ivan Johnson, Inc., presided as chairman of the symposium Ivan Johnson, C. Bernt Pettersson, Brown and Root; and James Fulton, U S Geological Survey, served as editors of this publication

5 Contents Overview STANDARDIZATION What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)?--J. DANGERMOND Discussion Toward Digital Geologic Map Standards: A Progress Report--G E ULRICH, M. W REYNOLDS, AND R. B TAYLOR Discussion Development of Spatial Data Guidelines and Standards: Spatial Data Set Documentation to Support Hydrologic Analysis in the U.S. Geological Survey--J L. FULTON An Approach to Data Exchange: The Spatial Data Transfer Standard-- H. J. ROSSMEISSL AND R. D RUGG Overview of the Use and Formulation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Standards Within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-- M. J HEWITT, III, H. F. STONE, AND E T SLONECKER D~scusslon Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems: Image-Integrated Geographic Information Systems--M EHLERS APPLICATIONS--GENERAL TECHNOLOGY Addressing Data Standards: The Northwest Land Information Systems Network-- R. A. WRIGHT AND M YEE Geographic Information System Application Development for Utility Infrastructure Systems--J c. CHANG, J. M. D'ANTONI, AND C B PETTERSSON 71 76

6 Development of a Geographic Information System in Support of the St.-Lawrence Action Plan--A LAMARCHE Using Common Database and Spreadsheet/Plotting Programs as Inexpensive Geographic Information Systems--T RUBIN An Overview of the Global Positioning System and Its Use in Geographic Information Systems--A. FLANGE Discussion lo APPLICATIONS--SoIL AND GEOLOGIC ENGINEERING Using USDA Soil Conservation Service County Soils Data with a Geographic Information System--R. J. FRANCHEK AND P F BIGGAM Regional Soil Loss Prediction Utilizing the RUSLE/GIS Interface-- J BLASZCZYNSKI Updating a Land-Planning Database from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper Data-- T J. BLASER, R J P LYON, ANDK LANZ Application of Remotely Sensed Data to Geologic Exploration Using Image Analysis and Geographic Information Systems--J g. HORNSBY AND J R HARRIS Estimation of Distribution of Subsurface Soil Layers in the Mexico City Earthquake Area Based on the Database--M KAWAMURA, T ARAI, AND T OZAWA Use of Geographic Information Systems for Design and Construction of New Waddell Dam--D. B PAUL AND M McDONALD APPLICATIONS--GROUND WATER AND ENVIRONMENT Classifying and Mapping Wetlands and Peat Resources Using Digital Cartography--c c. CAMERON AND D A EMERY Using AutoCAD as a Desktop Geographic Information System for Hydrogeological Investigations--M D VARLJEN AND H A WEHRMANN Discussion Development of Ground-Water Vulnerability Database for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Hazard Ranking System Using a Geographic Information System--J s CLARKE, J. W SORENSEN, H. G. STRICKLAND, AND G COLLINS

7 Using a Geographic Information System to Manage Data from a Ground-Water Remediation Program--J K. HAMMOCK AND R. LORENZ Geographic Information System (GIS) Application During a Feasibility Study for a Ground-Water Model--M. STIBITZ AND L HOEBENREICH Use of Geographic Information System Technology for Siting a Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility--K. J CONNOLLY AND A L DRESSEN ITEMS: A Workbench for Environmental Data Processing and Display-- N. DUPLANCIC, G BUCKLE AND L MONTOJO Waste Site Characterization and Prioritization Using a Geographic Information System--M. T SOBY, K. J. CONNOLLY, AND R. FOLSOM Accuracy and Precision of Well Casing Surveys and Water-Level Measurements and Their Impact on Water-Level Contour Maps--R. SCHALLA, A. K. LEWIS, AND D J. BATES PANEL DISCUSSION Panel Discussion at Symposium 313 APPENDIX Glossary of Acronyms 335 INDEXES Author Index Subject Index

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