Organic Pollutants in Water

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3 ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES 214 Organic Pollutants in Water Sampling, Analysis, and Toxicity Testing I. H. (Mel) Suffet, EDITOR Drexel University Murugan Malaiyandi, EDITOR Health and Welfare Canada Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Divisions of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry at the 188th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 29-31, 1984 American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1987

4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Organic pollutants in water. (Advances in chemistry series; 214) "Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Divisions of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry at the 188th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 29-31, 1984." Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Organic water pollutants Analysis. I. Suffet, I. H. II. Malaiyandi, Murugan, III. American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry. IV. American Chemical Society. Division of Analytical Chemistry. V. Series. QD1.A355 no s [628.1'61] [TD427.07] ISBN Copyright 1987 American Chemical Society All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each chapter in this volume indicates the copyright owner's consent that reprographic copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means -graphic or electronic for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission, to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

5 Advances in Chemistry Series M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor Advisory Board Harvey W. Blanch University of California Berkeley Alan Elzerman Clemson University John W. Finley Nabisco Brands, Inc. Marye Anne Fox The University of Texas Austin Martin L. Gorbaty Exxon Research and Engineering Co. Roland F. Hirsch U.S. Department of Energy Rudolph J. Marcus Consultant, Computers & Chemistry Research Vincent D. McGinniss Battelle Columbus Laboratories Donald E. Moreland USDA, Agricultural Research Service W. H. Norton J. T. Baker Chemical Company James C. Randall Exxon Chemical Company W. D. Shults Oak Ridge National Laboratory Geoffrey K. Smith Rohm & Haas Co. Charles S.Tuesday General Motors Research Laboratory Douglas B. Walters National Institute of Environmental Health C. Grant Willson IBM Research Department

6 FOREWORD The ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES was founded in 1949 by the American Chemical Society as an outlet for symposia and collections of data in special areas of topical interest that could not be accommodated in the Society's journals. It provides a medium for symposia that would otherwise be fragmented because their papers would be distributed among several journals or not published at all. Papers are reviewed critically according to ACS editorial standards and receive the careful attention and processing characteristic of ACS publications. Volumes in the ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES maintain the integrity of the symposia on which they are based; however, verbatim reproductions of previously published papers are not accepted. Papers may include reports of research as well as reviews, because symposia may embrace both types of presentation.

7 ABOUT THE EDITORS I. H. (MEL) SUFFET is Professor of Chemistry and Environmental Science at Drexel University. He received his Ph.D. from Rutgers University, his M.S. in chemistry from the University of Maryland, and his B.S. in chemistry from Brooklyn College. Among his numerous awards are the American Chemical Society Zimmerman Award in Environmental Science, Drexel University Research Achievement Award, Pennsylvania Water Pollution Control Association Service Award, and Instrument Society of America Service Award. Suffet has coauthored more than 80 research papers and monograph chapters on environmental and analytical chemistry. His research expertise is the field of environmental chemistry and focuses on phase equilibria and transfer of hazardous chemicals. This expertise allows him to work on the analysis, fate, and treatment of hazardous chemicals and has led to his current studies on the isolation of chemicals for toxicity testing. He has organized and chaired numerous technical society meetings. In addition, he has served on the Safe Drinking Water Committee of the National Academy of Sciences, for which he chaired the Subcommittee on Adsorption, and was a consultant to the Water Reuse Panel of the National Academy of Sciences. Suffet coedited with M. J. McGuire ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES No. 202, Treatment of Water by Granular Activated Carbon, as well as a two-volume set, Activated Carbon Adsorption of Organics from the Aqueous Phase. He also edited a two-volume treatise, The Fate of Pollutants in the Air and Water Environments; he was a journal editor for a special issue of the Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A Environmental Science and Engineering; and he served on the editorial board of the companion journal, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes. He serves on the editorial boards of the journals Chemosphere and CHEMTECH. He is now completing a 4-year term as treasurer of the ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry. vii

8 MURUGAN MALAIYANDI, Research Scientist, Environmental Health Directorate, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Canada, after graduating from Madras University, received his B.Sc. (Hons) and M.Sc. in chemistry from the University of Mysore, India, and his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. After 5 years of post-doctoral training, he joined the Canadian Department of Agriculture in 1965 and the Department of Health and Welfare Canada in j Malaiyandi was a journal editor and : served on the editorial board of a special issue L of the Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes. Malaiyandi has coauthored more than 50 research papers on environmental and agricultural chemistry. He was an Adjunct Professor of Chemistry at Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, and is a member of several professional societies. His expertise in the field of reverse osmosis involved him in organizing two sessions on reverse osmosis in separation processes for the Gordon Research Conferences in He initiated, organized, and acted as chairman of the first session on reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration processes of the Gordon Research Conferences in 1983 and was an invited speaker on reverse osmosis at the Gordon Research Conferences in He is a member of the ACS Committee on Analytical Reagents and the American Society for Testing and Materials, D viii