Chapter 5. GIS The Global Information System

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 5. GIS The Global Information System"

Transcription

1 Chapter 5 GIS The Global Information System What is GIS? We have just discussed GPS a simple three letter acronym for a fairly sophisticated technique to locate a persons or objects position on the Earth s surface. Like GPS, GIS (which is short for Global Information System) is a simple three letter acronym but it is much more complex and complicated to define. In its simplest form a GIS combines layers of information about a place to give you a better understanding about that place. What layers of information you combine depends on your purpose finding the best location for a waste disposal site, analyzing environmental damage, viewing weather patterns in an area to predict rainfall, finding demographic data and so on. What do you need to use GIS? A full GIS, or geographic information system, requires: Hardware (computers and peripherals) Software Operators Figure 5.1 Combining layers in GIS (from GIS.com) and sound analysis methods for interpreting the results generated by the GIS. The GIS system links geographic information (where things are) with descriptive information (what things are). Unlike a flat paper map, where "what you see is what you get," a GIS can present many layers of different information. To use a paper map, all you do is unfold it. Spread out before you is a representation of cities and roads, mountains and rivers, railroads, and political boundaries. The cities are represented by dots or circles, the roads by black lines, the mountain peaks by tiny triangles, and the lakes by small blue areas similar to the real lakes. A digital map is not much more difficult to use than a paper map. As on the paper map, there are dots or points that represent features on the map such as cities, lines that represent features such as roads, and small areas that represent features such as lakes. All this information where the point is located, how long the road is, and even how many square miles a lake occupies is stored as layers in digital format as a pattern of ones and zeros in a computer. Think of this geographic data as layers of information underneath the computer screen. Each layer represents a particular theme or feature of the map. One theme could be made up of all the roads in an area. Another theme could represent all the lakes in the same Page 80

2 area. Yet another could represent all the cities. These themes can be laid on top of one another, creating a stack of information about the same geographic area. Each layer can be turned off and on, as if you were peeling a layer off the stack or placing it back on. You control the amount of information about an area that you want to see, at any time, on any specific map 1. Applications of GIS Geographic information systems are now used for land use planning, utilities management, ecosystems modeling, landscape assessment and planning, transportation and infrastructure planning, market analysis, visual impact analysis, facilities management, tax assessment, real estate analysis and many other applications. In this module we will focus on their environmental application but the environment is only a small area of the application of these types of systems. Some specific environmental examples are given below. Mapping Locations GIS can be used to map locations. GIS allows the creation of maps through automated mapping, data capture, and surveying analysis tools. Mapping Quantities People map quantities, like where the most and least are, to find places that meet their criteria and take action, or to see the relationships between places. This gives an additional level of information beyond simply mapping the locations of features. This type of information could be used to map the number of gravel roads in an area to estimate the amount of sediment that might be likely to be carried into a storm water drain Mapping Densities While you can see concentrations by simply mapping the locations of features, in areas with many features it may be difficult to see which areas have a higher concentration than others. A density map lets you measure the number of features using a uniform area unit, such as acres or square miles, so you can clearly see the distribution. Again this can be of great use in environmental planning as it allows quantitative estimates of how populations might affect environmental parameters. Finding Distances This is not the same function as using a GPS to find distances. Here the GIS might be used to find out what's occurring within a set distance of a feature. This could then be further used in environmental planning. Mapping and monitoring change GIS can be used to map the change in an area to anticipate future conditions, decide on a course of action, or to evaluate the results of an action or policy. The implications of this for the environment are fairly obvious. What Data is used for GIS applications This is again a very complex area as there are many different types of data that may be incorporated into a GIS database, but in general data for GIS applications includes: digitised and scanned data from many and diverse sources (examples might be digital photos) databases containing textual information (such as NPI or Census). These may be private data research organisations, of government authorities. Page 81

3 GPS field data and any associated information Internet data remote sensing and aerial photography information The Data used in GIS is said to be geospatial data in that it is linked to both a particular place and a specific theme. In other words the data has to be associated with both a location (special component almost always linked to a set of map co-ordinates and topographic information) and some form of variable attribute (sometimes called the thematic component). Computer assisted cartography packages can accurately manage the location of items (spatial analysis), statistical analysis can study the variable attributes (such as population growth etc.) a GIS is able to manage both. What are the advantages of using Geospatial Data? The advantages of digital versus analogue data are outlined in the table 5.1. Table 5.1 comparison of analogue and digital data (from Uni. Of Melbourne Introduction to GIS) Digital easy to update easy and quick transfer (e.g. via internet) storage space required is relatively small (digital devices) easy to maintain easy automated analysis Analogue whole map to be remade slow transfer (e.g. via post) large storage space required (e.g. traditional map libraries) paper maps disintegrate over time difficult and inaccurate to analyse (e.g. to measure areas and distances) Vector based GIS A vector based GIS represents geographic objects specifically (using spatial characteristics such as position and topography). The thematic aspects are then associated with these by the GIS. In other words it is a double database or a 3D database in that each point is associated with a whole set of information in another plane. There are different ways of organising this double data base (spatial and thematic). Usually, vectorial systems are composed of two components: the one that manages spatial data and the one that manages thematic data. A relational data base for the attributes is linked with a topological one for the spatial data. A key element in these kind of systems is the identifier of every object. This identifier is unique and different for each object and allows the system to connect both data bases. One advantage of this system, is the fact that points with no data are not counted saving space and speeding up information retrieval. Page 82

4 Raster based GIS Raster is a method for the storage, processing and display of spatial data. A map is divided into rows and columns, which form a regular grid structure. Each cell must be rectangular in shape, but not necessarily square. Each cell within this matrix contains location co-ordinates as well as an attribute value. The location of each cell defines its geographical position, unlike a vector structure which stores location data as well. Any data linked to a cell is in effect linked to a location. With the raster data model, spatial data is not continuous but divided into discrete units (like the cells of a spreadsheet). This makes raster data particularly suitable for certain types of spatial operation, for example overlays or area calculations. The disadvantage of raster structures may lead to increased storage in certain situations, since they store each cell in the matrix regardless of whether it is a feature or simply 'empty' space. The advantage of this system is that data entry may be easier and the database easier to set up. Raster GIS systems may also be compressed (just like you compress the images on your computer to transfer them over the internet). Grid Size and Resolution A pixel is the smallest sized dot that can be recognised in a display system. In raster GIS the pixel equivalent is usually referred to as a cell element or grid cell. Pixel/cell refers to the smallest unit of information available in an image or raster map. This is the smallest element of a display device that can be independently assigned attributes. The size of the pixel must be half of the smallest distance to be represented for the GIS to work properly. Table 5.2 lists the advantages and disadvantages of vector and raster GIS systems. Table 5.2 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of raster and vector data models (from Uni. Of Melbourne Introduction to GIS) Raster Vector precision in graphics traditional cartography data volume topology computation update continuous space integration discontinuous Page 83

5 Rasterisation of Vector Data The process of converting vector data, which is a series of points, lines and polygons, into raster data, which is a series of cells each with a discrete value. This process is essentially easier than the reverse process, which is converting data from raster format to vector format. Raster to Vector Conversion The process of converting an image made up of raster cells into one described by vector data. This may or may not involve the encoding of topology. References Berhardsen, T. (1992) Geographic Information Systems. Viak IT/Norwegian Mapping Authority, Arendal, Norway. 4. Berhardsen, T. (1996) Geographic Information Systems. Halsted Press. 5. Bernhardsen, T. (1999) Geographic information systems : an introduction. Wiley, New York. 6. Chrisman, N.R. (1997) Exploring Geographic Information Systems. John Wiley and Sons. 7. demers, M.N. (1997) Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. John Wiley and Sons. 8. Huxhold, W.E. (1991) An Introduction to Urban Information Systems. New York, OUP. 9. Laurini, R. and Thompson, D. (1992) Fundamentals of Spatial Information Systems. London, Academy Press. 10. Maguire, D.J., Goodchild, M.F. and Rhind, D.W. (eds.) (1991) Geographical Information Systems: Principles and Applications. Avon, Longman Scientific and Technical. 11. Martin, D. (1991) Geographical Information Systems and their Socioeconomic Applications. London, Routledge. 12. Peuquet, D.J. and Marble, D.F. (eds.) (1990) Introductory Readings in Geographic Information Systems. London, Taylor and Francis. 13. Star, J. and Estes, J. (1990) Geographical Information Systems: An Introduction. Englewoods Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall. Page 84

An Introduction to Geographic Information System

An Introduction to Geographic Information System An Introduction to Geographic Information System PROF. Dr. Yuji MURAYAMA Khun Kyaw Aung Hein 1 July 21,2010 GIS: A Formal Definition A system for capturing, storing, checking, Integrating, manipulating,

More information

GIS = Geographic Information Systems;

GIS = Geographic Information Systems; What is GIS GIS = Geographic Information Systems; What Information are we talking about? Information about anything that has a place (e.g. locations of features, address of people) on Earth s surface,

More information

M.Y. Pior Faculty of Real Estate Science, University of Meikai, JAPAN

M.Y. Pior Faculty of Real Estate Science, University of Meikai, JAPAN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM M.Y. Pior Faculty of Real Estate Science, University of Meikai, JAPAN Keywords: GIS, rasterbased model, vectorbased model, layer, attribute, topology, spatial analysis. Contents

More information

Techniques for Science Teachers: Using GIS in Science Classrooms.

Techniques for Science Teachers: Using GIS in Science Classrooms. Techniques for Science Teachers: Using GIS in Science Classrooms. After ESRI, 2008 GIS A Geographic Information System A collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data used together for

More information

Cadcorp Introductory Paper I

Cadcorp Introductory Paper I Cadcorp Introductory Paper I An introduction to Geographic Information and Geographic Information Systems Keywords: computer, data, digital, geographic information systems (GIS), geographic information

More information

GEOG 377 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Spring, 2002 Page: 1/6

GEOG 377 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Spring, 2002 Page: 1/6 GEOG 377 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Spring, 2002 Page: 1/6 GEOG 377: An Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Date: Feb. 26, 2002 Instructor: A-Xing Zhu, 421 Science Hall,

More information

An Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (Fall, 2007)

An Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (Fall, 2007) GEOG 377 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Fall, 2007 Page: 1/6 GEOG 377: An Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (Fall, 2007) Instructor: A-Xing Zhu, 255 Science Hall Phone: 262-0272

More information

Introduction to GIS. Dr. M.S. Ganesh Prasad

Introduction to GIS. Dr. M.S. Ganesh Prasad Introduction to GIS Dr. M.S. Ganesh Prasad Department of Civil Engineering The National Institute of Engineering, MYSORE ganeshprasad.nie@gmail.com 9449153758 Geographic Information System (GIS) Information

More information

ENV208/ENV508 Applied GIS. Week 1: What is GIS?

ENV208/ENV508 Applied GIS. Week 1: What is GIS? ENV208/ENV508 Applied GIS Week 1: What is GIS? 1 WHAT IS GIS? A GIS integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.

More information

GIS (GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS)

GIS (GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS) GIS (GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS) 1 1. DEFINITION SYSTEM Any organised assembly of resources and procedures united and regulated by interaction or interdependence to complete a set of specific functions.

More information

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GES203)

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GES203) GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GES203) GIS Components Level 2:1 By: Mrs Mupfiga Presentation Layout Recap Learning Objectives Components of GIS GIS Data References Lecture Evaluation Learning Objectives

More information

USING GIS CARTOGRAPHIC MODELING TO ANALYSIS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LANDSLIDE SENSITIVE AREAS IN YANGMINGSHAN NATIONAL PARK, TAIWAN

USING GIS CARTOGRAPHIC MODELING TO ANALYSIS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LANDSLIDE SENSITIVE AREAS IN YANGMINGSHAN NATIONAL PARK, TAIWAN CO-145 USING GIS CARTOGRAPHIC MODELING TO ANALYSIS SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LANDSLIDE SENSITIVE AREAS IN YANGMINGSHAN NATIONAL PARK, TAIWAN DING Y.C. Chinese Culture University., TAIPEI, TAIWAN, PROVINCE

More information

Geospatial Information for Urban Sprawl Planning and Policies Implementation in Developing Country s NCR Region: A Study of NOIDA City, India

Geospatial Information for Urban Sprawl Planning and Policies Implementation in Developing Country s NCR Region: A Study of NOIDA City, India Geospatial Information for Urban Sprawl Planning and Policies Implementation in Developing Country s NCR Region: A Study of NOIDA City, India Dr. Madan Mohan Assistant Professor & Principal Investigator,

More information

GIS Data Structure: Raster vs. Vector RS & GIS XXIII

GIS Data Structure: Raster vs. Vector RS & GIS XXIII Subject Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag Geology Remote Sensing and GIS GIS Data Structure: Raster vs. Vector RS & GIS XXIII Principal Investigator Co-Principal Investigator Co-Principal

More information

a system for input, storage, manipulation, and output of geographic information. GIS combines software with hardware,

a system for input, storage, manipulation, and output of geographic information. GIS combines software with hardware, Introduction to GIS Dr. Pranjit Kr. Sarma Assistant Professor Department of Geography Mangaldi College Mobile: +91 94357 04398 What is a GIS a system for input, storage, manipulation, and output of geographic

More information

Fundamentals of Geographic Information System PROF. DR. YUJI MURAYAMA RONALD C. ESTOQUE JUNE 28, 2010

Fundamentals of Geographic Information System PROF. DR. YUJI MURAYAMA RONALD C. ESTOQUE JUNE 28, 2010 Fundamentals of Geographic Information System 1 PROF. DR. YUJI MURAYAMA RONALD C. ESTOQUE JUNE 28, 2010 CONTENTS OF THIS LECTURE PRESENTATION Basic concept of GIS Basic elements of GIS Types of GIS data

More information

What is GIS? Introduction to data. Introduction to data modeling

What is GIS? Introduction to data. Introduction to data modeling What is GIS? Introduction to data Introduction to data modeling 2 A GIS is similar, layering mapped information in a computer to help us view our world as a system A Geographic Information System is a

More information

INTRODUCTION TO GIS. Dr. Ori Gudes

INTRODUCTION TO GIS. Dr. Ori Gudes INTRODUCTION TO GIS Dr. Ori Gudes Outline of the Presentation What is GIS? What s the rational for using GIS, and how GIS can be used to solve problems? Explore a GIS map and get information about map

More information

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Vol. II - Applications of Geographic Information Systems - Ondieki C.M. and Murimi S.K.

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Vol. II - Applications of Geographic Information Systems - Ondieki C.M. and Murimi S.K. APPLICATIONS OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS Ondieki C.M. and Murimi S.K. Kenyatta University, Kenya Keywords: attribute, database, geo-coding, modeling, overlay, raster, spatial analysis, vector Contents

More information

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS 4-H Round-Up Community Transitions Workshop Daniel Hanselka June 14, 2011 Goals of the Workshop Answer the question: What is GIS? Uses of GIS. Some of the Common Terminology

More information

Display data in a map-like format so that geographic patterns and interrelationships are visible

Display data in a map-like format so that geographic patterns and interrelationships are visible Vilmaliz Rodríguez Guzmán M.S. Student, Department of Geology University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Reference: James B. Campbell. Introduction to

More information

CENSUS MAPPING WITH GIS IN NAMIBIA. BY Mrs. Ottilie Mwazi Central Bureau of Statistics Tel: October 2007

CENSUS MAPPING WITH GIS IN NAMIBIA. BY Mrs. Ottilie Mwazi Central Bureau of Statistics   Tel: October 2007 CENSUS MAPPING WITH GIS IN NAMIBIA BY Mrs. Ottilie Mwazi Central Bureau of Statistics E-mail: omwazi@npc.gov.na Tel: + 264 61 283 4060 October 2007 Content of Presentation HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF CENSUS

More information

Introduction-Overview. Why use a GIS? What can a GIS do? Spatial (coordinate) data model Relational (tabular) data model

Introduction-Overview. Why use a GIS? What can a GIS do? Spatial (coordinate) data model Relational (tabular) data model Introduction-Overview Why use a GIS? What can a GIS do? How does a GIS work? GIS definitions Spatial (coordinate) data model Relational (tabular) data model intro_gis.ppt 1 Why use a GIS? An extension

More information

Geographical Information System GIS

Geographical Information System GIS Geographical Information System GIS LOOM.02.331 anto.aasa@ut.ee Scale GIS and spatial planning National Regional Local Strategic (National Dev. Plan) National Goals and development policy Tactical (Regional

More information

GIS Workshop Data Collection Techniques

GIS Workshop Data Collection Techniques GIS Workshop Data Collection Techniques NOFNEC Conference 2016 Presented by: Matawa First Nations Management Jennifer Duncan and Charlene Wagenaar, Geomatics Technicians, Four Rivers Department QA #: FRG

More information

DATA SOURCES AND INPUT IN GIS. By Prof. A. Balasubramanian Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Science, University of Mysore, Mysore

DATA SOURCES AND INPUT IN GIS. By Prof. A. Balasubramanian Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Science, University of Mysore, Mysore DATA SOURCES AND INPUT IN GIS By Prof. A. Balasubramanian Centre for Advanced Studies in Earth Science, University of Mysore, Mysore 1 1. GIS stands for 'Geographic Information System'. It is a computer-based

More information

Introduction to Geographic Information Systems

Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Geog 58 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Fall, 2003 Page 1/8 Geography 58 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Instructor: Lecture Hours: Lab Hours: X-period: Office Hours: Classroom:

More information

Identifying Audit, Evidence Methodology and Audit Design Matrix (ADM)

Identifying Audit, Evidence Methodology and Audit Design Matrix (ADM) 11 Identifying Audit, Evidence Methodology and Audit Design Matrix (ADM) 27/10/2012 Exercise XXX 2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this session participants will be able to: 1. Identify types and sources

More information

GEO-DATA INPUT AND CONVERSION. Christos G. Karydas,, Dr. Lab of Remote Sensing and GIS Director: Prof. N. Silleos

GEO-DATA INPUT AND CONVERSION. Christos G. Karydas,, Dr. Lab of Remote Sensing and GIS Director: Prof. N. Silleos Christos G. Karydas,, Dr. xkarydas@agro.auth.gr http://users.auth.gr/xkarydas Lab of Remote Sensing and GIS Director: Prof. N. Silleos School of Agriculture Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 1 0.

More information

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Environmental Studies ENVS Winter 2003 Session III

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Environmental Studies ENVS Winter 2003 Session III Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Environmental Studies ENVS 6189 3.0 Winter 2003 Session III John Sorrell York University sorrell@yorku.ca Session Purpose: To discuss the various concepts of space,

More information

Introducing GIS analysis

Introducing GIS analysis 1 Introducing GIS analysis GIS analysis lets you see patterns and relationships in your geographic data. The results of your analysis will give you insight into a place, help you focus your actions, or

More information

Louisiana Transportation Engineering Conference. Monday, February 12, 2007

Louisiana Transportation Engineering Conference. Monday, February 12, 2007 Louisiana Transportation Engineering Conference Monday, February 12, 2007 Agenda Project Background Goal of EIS Why Use GIS? What is GIS? How used on this Project Other site selection tools I-69 Corridor

More information

Lecture 5. Representing Spatial Phenomena. GIS Coordinates Multiple Map Layers. Maps and GIS. Why Use Maps? Putting Maps in GIS

Lecture 5. Representing Spatial Phenomena. GIS Coordinates Multiple Map Layers. Maps and GIS. Why Use Maps? Putting Maps in GIS Lecture 5 Putting Maps in GIS GIS responds to three fundamental questions by automating spatial data: What is where? Why is it there? GIS reveals linkages unevenly distributed social, economic and environmental

More information

GIS and Spatial Analysis

GIS and Spatial Analysis GEOG 579: GIS and Spatial Analysis Fall 2007 Page: 1/6 Instructor: Professor A-Xing Zhu Department of Geography Rm 255 Science Hall Email: azhu@wisc.edu Tel: 262-0272 Geography 579 GIS and Spatial Analysis

More information

GIS in Weather and Society

GIS in Weather and Society GIS in Weather and Society Olga Wilhelmi Institute for the Study of Society and Environment National Center for Atmospheric Research WAS*IS November 8, 2005 Boulder, Colorado Presentation Outline GIS basic

More information

GIS data Requirement, various sources, Standards and collection of GIS data, Methods of data capture: scanning, digitization and

GIS data Requirement, various sources, Standards and collection of GIS data, Methods of data capture: scanning, digitization and Course title: Principles of GIS and GNSS Course code: NRG 176 No. of credits: 4 L-T-P: 38--3 Learning hours: 56 Pre-requisite course code and title (if any): None Department: Department of Natural Resources

More information

Geometric Algorithms in GIS

Geometric Algorithms in GIS Geometric Algorithms in GIS GIS Visualization Software Dr. M. Gavrilova GIS Software for Visualization ArcView GEO/SQL Digital Atmosphere AutoDesk Visual_Data GeoMedia GeoExpress CAVE? Visualization in

More information

Basics of GIS reviewed

Basics of GIS reviewed Basics of GIS reviewed Martin Breunig Karlsruhe Institute of Technology martin.breunig@kit.edu GEODETIC INSTITUTE, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, GEO AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, CHAIR IN GEOINFORMATICS

More information

Chapter 02 Maps. Multiple Choice Questions

Chapter 02 Maps. Multiple Choice Questions Chapter 02 Maps Multiple Choice Questions 1. Every projection has some degree of distortion because A. a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion. B. parallels and meridians

More information

GIS and Remote Sensing

GIS and Remote Sensing Spring School Land use and the vulnerability of socio-ecosystems to climate change: remote sensing and modelling techniques GIS and Remote Sensing Katerina Tzavella Project Researcher PhD candidate Technology

More information

What are the five components of a GIS? A typically GIS consists of five elements: - Hardware, Software, Data, People and Procedures (Work Flows)

What are the five components of a GIS? A typically GIS consists of five elements: - Hardware, Software, Data, People and Procedures (Work Flows) LECTURE 1 - INTRODUCTION TO GIS Section I - GIS versus GPS What is a geographic information system (GIS)? GIS can be defined as a computerized application that combines an interactive map with a database

More information

Belfairs Academy GEOGRAPHY Fundamentals Map

Belfairs Academy GEOGRAPHY Fundamentals Map YEAR 12 Fundamentals Unit 1 Contemporary Urban Places Urbanisation Urbanisation and its importance in human affairs. Global patterns of urbanisation since 1945. Urbanisation, suburbanisation, counter-urbanisation,

More information

Syllabus Reminders. Geographic Information Systems. Components of GIS. Lecture 1 Outline. Lecture 1 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems

Syllabus Reminders. Geographic Information Systems. Components of GIS. Lecture 1 Outline. Lecture 1 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Syllabus Reminders Geographic Information s Lecture Introduction to Geographic Information s. Class Info: www.saigis.com/class/ 2. Office T / TH (8:00-9:30 a.m.) and (2:30 3:30pm) or Appt 3. Email: burgerpr@unk.edu

More information

Understanding Geographic Information System GIS

Understanding Geographic Information System GIS Understanding Geographic Information System GIS What do we know about GIS? G eographic I nformation Maps Data S ystem Computerized What do we know about maps? Types of Maps (Familiar Examples) Street Maps

More information

SVY2001: Lecture 15: Introduction to GIS and Attribute Data

SVY2001: Lecture 15: Introduction to GIS and Attribute Data SVY2001: Databases for GIS Lecture 15: Introduction to GIS and Attribute Data Management. Dr Stuart Barr School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Email: S.L.Barr@ncl.ac.uk

More information

Sampling The World. presented by: Tim Haithcoat University of Missouri Columbia

Sampling The World. presented by: Tim Haithcoat University of Missouri Columbia Sampling The World presented by: Tim Haithcoat University of Missouri Columbia Compiled with materials from: Charles Parson, Bemidji State University and Timothy Nyerges, University of Washington Introduction

More information

Basics of GIS. by Basudeb Bhatta. Computer Aided Design Centre Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University

Basics of GIS. by Basudeb Bhatta. Computer Aided Design Centre Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University Basics of GIS by Basudeb Bhatta Computer Aided Design Centre Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jadavpur University e-governance Training Programme Conducted by National Institute of Electronics

More information

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Urban Studies and Planning

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Urban Studies and Planning 11.520: A Workshop on Geographic Information Systems 11.188: Urban Planning and Social Science Laboratory GIS Principles &

More information

Introduction to GIS (GEOG 401) Spring 2014, 3 credit hours

Introduction to GIS (GEOG 401) Spring 2014, 3 credit hours Introduction to GIS (GEOG 401) Spring 2014, 3 credit hours Instructors: Guangxing Wang, Ph.D. Email: gxwang@siu.edu Phone: (618) 453-6017 Office: 4442 Faner Hall Office hours: M& W&F 9:00am-11:00am or

More information

Illustrator: Vector base Each line/point store some sort of information Mapping Representation of the world

Illustrator: Vector base Each line/point store some sort of information Mapping Representation of the world Illustrator: Vector base Each line/point store some sort of information Mapping Representation of the world Photoshop Raster base Images can be overlaid Pixel vector data model: [data models] A representation

More information

Utilization and Provision of Geographical Name Information on the Basic Map of Japan*

Utilization and Provision of Geographical Name Information on the Basic Map of Japan* UNITED NATIONS WORKING PAPER GROUP OF EXPERTS NO. 1/9 ON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Twenty-eight session 28 April 2 May 2014 Item 9 of the Provisional Agenda Activities relating to the Working Group on Toponymic

More information

PROANA A USEFUL SOFTWARE FOR TERRAIN ANALYSIS AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS STUDY CASE ON THE GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF ARGOLIS PENINSULA, GREECE.

PROANA A USEFUL SOFTWARE FOR TERRAIN ANALYSIS AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS STUDY CASE ON THE GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF ARGOLIS PENINSULA, GREECE. PROANA A USEFUL SOFTWARE FOR TERRAIN ANALYSIS AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS STUDY CASE ON THE GEODYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF ARGOLIS PENINSULA, GREECE. Spyridoula Vassilopoulou * Institute of Cartography

More information

WHAT IS GIS? Source: Longley et al (2005) Geographic Information Systems and Science. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

WHAT IS GIS? Source: Longley et al (2005) Geographic Information Systems and Science. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. WHAT IS GIS? Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are a special class of information systems that keep track not only of events, activities, and things, but also of where these events, activities, and

More information

Canadian Board of Examiners for Professional Surveyors Core Syllabus Item C 5: GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Canadian Board of Examiners for Professional Surveyors Core Syllabus Item C 5: GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS Study Guide: Canadian Board of Examiners for Professional Surveyors Core Syllabus Item C 5: GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS This guide presents some study questions with specific referral to the essential

More information

WELCOME. To GEOG 350 / 550 Introduction to Geographic Information Science: Third Lecture

WELCOME. To GEOG 350 / 550 Introduction to Geographic Information Science: Third Lecture WELCOME To GEOG 350 / 550 Introduction to Geographic Information Science: Third Lecture 1 Lecture 3: Overview Geographic Information Systems (GIS) A brief history of GIS Sources of information for GIS

More information

GIS: Definition, Software. IAI Summer Institute 19 July 2000

GIS: Definition, Software. IAI Summer Institute 19 July 2000 GIS: Definition, Software IAI Summer Institute 19 July 2000 What is a GIS? Geographic Information System Definitions DeMers (1997): Tools that allow for the processing of spatial data into information,

More information

FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOINFORMATICS PART-II (CLASS: FYBSc SEM- II)

FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOINFORMATICS PART-II (CLASS: FYBSc SEM- II) FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOINFORMATICS PART-II (CLASS: FYBSc SEM- II) UNIT:-I: INTRODUCTION TO GIS 1.1.Definition, Potential of GIS, Concept of Space and Time 1.2.Components of GIS, Evolution/Origin and Objectives

More information

NR402 GIS Applications in Natural Resources

NR402 GIS Applications in Natural Resources NR402 GIS Applications in Natural Resources Lesson 1 Introduction to GIS Eva Strand, University of Idaho Map of the Pacific Northwest from http://www.or.blm.gov/gis/ Welcome to NR402 GIS Applications in

More information

Unit 1 The Basics of Geography. Chapter 1 The Five Themes of Geography Page 5

Unit 1 The Basics of Geography. Chapter 1 The Five Themes of Geography Page 5 Unit 1 The Basics of Geography Chapter 1 The Five Themes of Geography Page 5 Geography comes from the Greek word geographia, which means to describe the earth. Geography is the study of the distribution

More information

SRJC Applied Technology 54A Introduction to GIS

SRJC Applied Technology 54A Introduction to GIS SRJC Applied Technology 54A Introduction to GIS Overview Lecture of Geographic Information Systems Fall 2004 Santa Rosa Junior College Presented By: Tim Pudoff, GIS Coordinator, County of Sonoma, Information

More information

Using 3D Geographic Information System to Improve Sales Comparison Approach for Real Estate Valuation

Using 3D Geographic Information System to Improve Sales Comparison Approach for Real Estate Valuation XXV FIG Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia TS02E-3D Using 3D Geographic Information System to Improve Sales Comparison Approach for Real Estate Valuation Haicong Yu Center for Assessment and Development

More information

Geomatics: Geotechnologies in Action, Grade 12, University/College Expectations

Geomatics: Geotechnologies in Action, Grade 12, University/College Expectations Geographic Foundations: Space and Systems SSV.01 explain how the earth is modelled for scientific and mapping purposes; SSV.02 demonstrate an understanding of basic spatial concepts; Page 1 SSV.03 explain

More information

Learning ArcGIS: Introduction to ArcCatalog 10.1

Learning ArcGIS: Introduction to ArcCatalog 10.1 Learning ArcGIS: Introduction to ArcCatalog 10.1 Estimated Time: 1 Hour Information systems help us to manage what we know by making it easier to organize, access, manipulate, and apply knowledge to the

More information

Introduction INTRODUCTION TO GIS GIS - GIS GIS 1/12/2015. New York Association of Professional Land Surveyors January 22, 2015

Introduction INTRODUCTION TO GIS GIS - GIS GIS 1/12/2015. New York Association of Professional Land Surveyors January 22, 2015 New York Association of Professional Land Surveyors January 22, 2015 INTRODUCTION TO GIS Introduction GIS - GIS GIS 1 2 What is a GIS Geographic of or relating to geography the study of the physical features

More information

Popular Mechanics, 1954

Popular Mechanics, 1954 Introduction to GIS Popular Mechanics, 1954 1986 $2,599 1 MB of RAM 2017, $750, 128 GB memory, 2 GB of RAM Computing power has increased exponentially over the past 30 years, Allowing the existence of

More information

Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Environmental Science Focus

Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Environmental Science Focus Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Environmental Science Focus September 9, 2013 We will begin at 9:10 AM. Login info: Username:!cnrguest Password: gocal_bears Instructor: Domain: CAMPUS

More information

GIS Lecture 5: Spatial Data

GIS Lecture 5: Spatial Data GIS Lecture 5: Spatial Data GIS 1 Outline Vector Data Formats Raster Data Formats Map Projections Coordinate Systems US Census geographic files US Census data files GIS Data Sources GIS 2 Vector Data Formats

More information

Write a report (6-7 pages, double space) on some examples of Internet Applications. You can choose only ONE of the following application areas:

Write a report (6-7 pages, double space) on some examples of Internet Applications. You can choose only ONE of the following application areas: UPR 6905 Internet GIS Homework 1 Yong Hong Guo September 9, 2008 Write a report (6-7 pages, double space) on some examples of Internet Applications. You can choose only ONE of the following application

More information

Module - 3 GIS MAPPING, MIS AND GIS UNDER RAY

Module - 3 GIS MAPPING, MIS AND GIS UNDER RAY Module - 3 1 GIS MAPPING, MIS AND GIS MIS INTEGRATION UNDER RAY Role of GIS & MIS under RAY Under the scheme, two step implementation strategy has been adopted i.e. preparation of SFCPoAs on whole city

More information

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM By Reshma H. Patil

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM By Reshma H. Patil INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM By Reshma H. Patil ABSTRACT:- The geographical information system (GIS) is Computer system for capturing, storing, querying analyzing, and displaying geospatial

More information

DATA 301 Introduction to Data Analytics Geographic Information Systems

DATA 301 Introduction to Data Analytics Geographic Information Systems DATA 301 Introduction to Data Analytics Geographic Information Systems Dr. Ramon Lawrence University of British Columbia Okanagan ramon.lawrence@ubc.ca DATA 301: Data Analytics (2) Why learn Geographic

More information

FUNDAMENTAL GEOGRAPHICAL DATA OF THE NATIONAL LAND SURVEY FOR GIS AND OFFICIAL MAPPING. Karin Persson National Land Survey S Gavle Sweden

FUNDAMENTAL GEOGRAPHICAL DATA OF THE NATIONAL LAND SURVEY FOR GIS AND OFFICIAL MAPPING. Karin Persson National Land Survey S Gavle Sweden ORAL PRESENTATION 467 FUNDAMENTAL GEOGRAPHICAL DATA OF THE NATIONAL LAND SURVEY FOR GIS AND OFFICIAL MAPPING Abstract Karin Persson National Land Survey S-801 82 Gavle Sweden This report presents the results

More information

17/07/ Pick up Lecture Notes... WEBSITE FOR ASSIGNMENTS AND TOOLBOX DEFINITION DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS OF GIS

17/07/ Pick up Lecture Notes... WEBSITE FOR ASSIGNMENTS AND TOOLBOX DEFINITION DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS OF GIS WEBSITE FOR ASSIGNMENTS AND LECTURE PRESENTATIONS www.franzy.yolasite.com Pick up Lecture Notes... LECTURE 2 PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS I- GEO 362 Franz Okyere DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS

More information

Introduction to Geographic Information Science. Updates/News. Last Lecture 1/23/2017. Geography 4103 / Spatial Data Representations

Introduction to Geographic Information Science. Updates/News. Last Lecture 1/23/2017. Geography 4103 / Spatial Data Representations Geography 4103 / 5103 Introduction to Geographic Information Science Spatial Data Representations Updates/News Waitlisted students First graded lab this week: skills learning Instructional labs vs. independence

More information

Abstract: Contents. Literature review. 2 Methodology.. 2 Applications, results and discussion.. 2 Conclusions 12. Introduction

Abstract: Contents. Literature review. 2 Methodology.. 2 Applications, results and discussion.. 2 Conclusions 12. Introduction Abstract: Landfill is one of the primary methods for municipal solid waste disposal. In order to reduce the environmental damage and to protect the public health and welfare, choosing the site for landfill

More information

Charlene Nielsen, MSc.

Charlene Nielsen, MSc. GIS Project Issues Charlene Nielsen, MSc charlene.nielsen@ualberta.ca 492-93979397 B414 BioSci Building www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/gis Introduction to GIS in Ecology What a GIS is not What is a

More information

Introduction to GIS. Phil Guertin School of Natural Resources and the Environment GeoSpatial Technologies

Introduction to GIS. Phil Guertin School of Natural Resources and the Environment GeoSpatial Technologies Introduction to GIS Phil Guertin School of Natural Resources and the Environment dguertin@cals.arizona.edu Mapping GeoSpatial Technologies Traditional Survey Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Remote Sensing

More information

Lecture 9: Reference Maps & Aerial Photography

Lecture 9: Reference Maps & Aerial Photography Lecture 9: Reference Maps & Aerial Photography I. Overview of Reference and Topographic Maps There are two basic types of maps? Reference Maps - General purpose maps & Thematic Maps - maps made for a specific

More information

FNRM 3131 Introduction to GIS in Natural Resource Management

FNRM 3131 Introduction to GIS in Natural Resource Management FNRM 3131 Introduction to GIS in Natural Resource Management Instructors: Andrew C Jenks 215 Green Hall ajenks@umnedu, @acjenks Paul V Bolstad 301H Green Hall pbolstad@umnedu Course Topics Motivation:

More information

Aileen Buckley, Ph.D. and Charlie Frye

Aileen Buckley, Ph.D. and Charlie Frye An Information Model for Maps: Towards Production from GIS Databases Aileen Buckley, Ph.D. and Charlie Frye Researchers, ESRI GIS vs. cart GIS Outline of the presentation Introduction Differences between

More information

FlexiCadastre User Conference 2013 GIS Data Verification & Challenges

FlexiCadastre User Conference 2013 GIS Data Verification & Challenges FlexiCadastre User Conference 2013 GIS Data Verification & Challenges May 7, 2013 Amanda Blackmore GIS Specialist OVERVIEW GIS Definitions & Terminology Spatial Data Common Issues or Concerns Data Verification

More information

Unit 1, Lesson 3 What Tools and Technologies Do Geographers Use?

Unit 1, Lesson 3 What Tools and Technologies Do Geographers Use? Unit 1, Lesson 3 What Tools and Technologies Do Geographers Use? Geographers use a variety of tools and technologies in investigating geographic questions. Maps and globes both represent the earth, but

More information

14 th Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference Istana Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, January 2008

14 th Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference Istana Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, January 2008 This is a draft paper for comment at the conference and should not be quoted 14 th Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference Istana Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, January 2008 A Simplified Geographical Information

More information

KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS

KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS Department of City & Regional Planning Introduction To GIS (CRP 514) Identifying & Planning Public School Facility In California Using GIS Presented to Dr.

More information

Linking local multimedia models in a spatially-distributed system

Linking local multimedia models in a spatially-distributed system Linking local multimedia models in a spatially-distributed system I. Miller, S. Knopf & R. Kossik The GoldSim Technology Group, USA Abstract The development of spatially-distributed multimedia models has

More information

GIS Geographical Information Systems

GIS Geographical Information Systems Chapter Two GIS Geographical Information Systems Chapter Two GIS Geographical Information Systems Chapter Two GIS (Geographical Information Systems) 2.1 Introduction In most cases of our day life, information

More information

Lecture 6 - Raster Data Model & GIS File Organization

Lecture 6 - Raster Data Model & GIS File Organization Lecture 6 - Raster Data Model & GIS File Organization I. Overview of Raster Data Model Raster data models define objects in a fixed manner see Figure 1. Each grid cell has fixed size (resolution). The

More information

Introduction to GIS - 2

Introduction to GIS - 2 Introduction to GIS - 2 Outline Using GIS Representation of spatial objects in GIS Prof. D. Nagesh Kumar Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012, India http://www.civil.iisc.ernet.in/~nagesh

More information

Quality and Coverage of Data Sources

Quality and Coverage of Data Sources Quality and Coverage of Data Sources Objectives Selecting an appropriate source for each item of information to be stored in the GIS database is very important for GIS Data Capture. Selection of quality

More information

A Method for Measuring the Spatial Accuracy of Coordinates Collected Using the Global Positioning System

A Method for Measuring the Spatial Accuracy of Coordinates Collected Using the Global Positioning System This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. A Method for Measuring the Spatial Accuracy of Coordinates

More information

Advanced Algorithms for Geographic Information Systems CPSC 695

Advanced Algorithms for Geographic Information Systems CPSC 695 Advanced Algorithms for Geographic Information Systems CPSC 695 Think about Geography What is Geography The 3 W s of Geography What is where Why is it there Why do I care Data - Data - Data We all got

More information

Learning Computer-Assisted Map Analysis

Learning Computer-Assisted Map Analysis Learning Computer-Assisted Map Analysis by Joseph K. Berry* Old-fashioned math and statistics can go a long way toward helping us understand GIS Note: This paper was first published as part of a three-part

More information

ADVANCED PLACEMENT HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

ADVANCED PLACEMENT HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVANCED PLACEMENT HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Unit One Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives Session 3 INTERPRETATION OF PLACES AND PATTERNS PLACE: THE GEOGRAPHIC TERM Place is deceptively complex. Place describes

More information

Getting to know GIS. Chapter 1. Introducing GIS. Part 1. Learning objectives

Getting to know GIS. Chapter 1. Introducing GIS. Part 1. Learning objectives Part Getting to know GIS Chapter Introducing GIS Learning objectives Learn the uses of geographic information systems (GIS) Learn how GIS layers work Differentiate between GIS features and surfaces Obtain

More information

Unit 1, Lesson 2. What is geographic inquiry?

Unit 1, Lesson 2. What is geographic inquiry? What is geographic inquiry? Unit 1, Lesson 2 Understanding the way in which social scientists investigate problems will help you conduct your own investigations about problems or issues facing your community

More information

Looking at Communities: Comparing Urban and Rural Neighborhoods

Looking at Communities: Comparing Urban and Rural Neighborhoods Looking at Communities: Comparing Urban and Rural Neighborhoods OVERVIEW & OBJECTIVES Our urban areas have become so dominant that frequently the children we teach have no connection with and very few

More information

GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005 NAME:

GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005 NAME: 1) A GIS data model using an array of cells to store spatial data is termed: a) Topology b) Vector c) Object d) Raster 2) Metadata a) Usually includes map projection, scale, data types and origin, resolution

More information

USING GIS IN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWER MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT

USING GIS IN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWER MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT USING GIS IN WATER SUPPLY AND SEWER MODELLING AND MANAGEMENT HENRIETTE TAMAŠAUSKAS*, L.C. LARSEN, O. MARK DHI Water and Environment, Agern Allé 5 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark *Corresponding author, e-mail: htt@dhigroup.com

More information

Land Administration and Cadastre

Land Administration and Cadastre Geomatics play a major role in hydropower, land and water resources and other infrastructure projects. Lahmeyer International s (LI) worldwide projects require a wide range of approaches to the integration

More information

Teaching GIS for Land Surveying

Teaching GIS for Land Surveying Teaching GIS for Land Surveying Zhanjing (John) Yu Evergreen Valley College, San Jose, California James Crossfield California State University at Fresno, Fresno California 7/13/2006 1 Outline of the Presentation

More information