BIO 1130FF. Page 1 of 5. An introduction to Organismal biology Midterm examination Worth either 15% or 20% of your final grade

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1 BIO 1130FF An introduction to Organismal biology Midterm examination Worth either 15% or 20% of your final grade Saturday, November 9, 2013 Part A: Multiple choice questions 26 points (1 point/question) Fill in the bubbles for your name and student number and BIO1130FF for the course code. Fill in the same information in text in the boxes above the bubbles. Use only a pencil to fill in the answer sheet. If you erase a question be sure to erase all of the pencil mark. Don t place any marks anywhere on the sheet other than where the bubbles are for personal information or your answers. Do not place any answers on the question sheet. This is not an open book exam. CAUTION to minimize paper waste this part of the exam has been printed back to back NOTE: If you do not fill in the student number and course code as BIO1130FF it will be impossible to identify your answer sheet and you will receive a ZERO for this part of the exam Page 1 of 5

2 BIO 1130FF - Midterm Examination November 9, 2013 Multiple choice questions - Place your answers on the answer sheet FF.1 What are bacteriophages? a. Bacteria that infect viruses. b. Viruses that infect bacteria. c. Viruses that infect plants. d. Bacteria that are derived from viruses. FF.2 Collapsing red suns explode huge amounts of this element into the universe a. Helium b. Hydrogen c. Carbon d. Silica FF.3 The biological species concept cannot be applied to two possibly different species that are. a. asexual b. sexual c. similar d. plants FF.4 Which of these statements about prokaryotes is correct? a. Bacterial cells conjugate to mutually exchange genetic material. b. Their genetic material is confined within a nuclear envelope. c. Genetic variation in bacteria is not known to occur, nor should it occur, because of their asexual mode of reproduction. d. They divide by binary fission, without mitosis or meiosis. FF.5 Which of the following best describes the phylogenetic relationship between protists, fungi, plants, and animals? a. Animals and plants share a common protist ancestor, while fungi arose from a different protist ancestor. b. Fungi and plants share a common protist ancestor, while animals arose from a different protist ancestor. c. Fungi and animals share a common protist ancestor, while plants arose from a different protist ancestor. d. Plants, animals, and fungi each arose from a different protist lineage. FF.6 Which of the following would characterize a ring species? a. The species is remarkably uniform in behavior and ecology. b. Gene flow between distant populations occurs only through intermediate populations. c. Ring species exchange genes with a broad range of similar species. d. The range of a ring species is tightly constrained by gene flow. FF.7 Which of the following structures is characteristic of a gram-negative bacterial cell, but not of a gram-positive bacterial cell? a. capsule b. outer membrane c. cell wall made mostly of peptidoglycan d. single-layered cell wall Page 2 of 5

3 BIO 1130FF - Midterm Examination November 9, 2013 Multiple choice questions - Place your answers on the answer sheet FF.8 What is the main structure of a virus? a. RNA surrounded by a nuclear envelope. b. Nucleic acid molecules surrounded by a protein coat or capsid. c. Single cell with nucleus and organelles. d. A cytoplasm enclosed by a membrane. FF.9 Secondary endosymbiosis occurs when a a. non-photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a photosynthetic prokaryote. b. photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a photosynthetic prokaryote. c. photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a non-photosynthetic prokaryote. d. non-photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a photosynthetic eukaryote. FF.10 Which reproductive isolating mechanism separates a pair of species that routinely interbreed but never produce fertilized eggs after mating? a. mechanical b. postzygotic c. gametic d. hybrid breakdown FF.11 The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called? a. a covalent bond b. a hydrophilic bond c. an ionic bond d. a hydrogen bond e. a hydrophobic bond FF.12 The cladistic approach to estimating phylogenetic trees is most like the approach of which species concept? a. Biological species concept b. Morphospecies concept c. Phylogenetic species concept FF.13 A primary endosymbiosis event would be expected to produce a plastid with membranes, while secondary endosymbiosis should produce a plastid with membranes. a. two; three b. one; two c. two; four d. three; four FF.14 The term phytoplankton refers to a collection of small protists that live in bodies of water. a. multicellular b. multinucleated c. parasitic d. photosynthetic Page 3 of 5

4 BIO 1130FF - Midterm Examination November 9, 2013 Multiple choice questions - Place your answers on the answer sheet FF.15 In animal cells, the latent phase of infection is one where the virus. a. remains in the cell in an inactive form b. cannot infect the host cell c. is reproducing and releasing new viral particles d. is transferring bacterial genes from one bacterium to another FF.16 The contractile vacuole functions to. a. store energy-rich molecules b. propel the cell through water, mud, or bodily fluids c. digest prey d. expel water that enters through osmosis FF.17 Which of the following statements about archaea is correct? a. Their cell walls contain peptidoglycan. b. Most are pathogens. c. Many are extremophiles. d. They have no traits in common with eukaryotic cells. FF.18 Which eons had atmospheric oxygen present for the entire eon? a. Hadean b. Archean and Proterozoic c. Proterozoic d. Phanerozoic e. Proteozoic and Phanerozoic FF.19 In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by a. ionic bonds. b. polar covalent bonds. c. nonpolar covalent bonds. d. van der Waals interactions. e. hydrogen bonds. FF.20 Which species concept is based on the idea that all individuals of a species share measurable physical traits that distinguish them from members of other species? a. biological b. phylogenetic c. morphological. FF.21 Which of the following describes what happens when a bacteriophage enters the lysogenic stage? a. It enters the host cell and kills it immediately. b. It enters the host cell, picks up host DNA, and leaves the cell unharmed. c. It merges with the host cell plasma membrane, forming an envelope, and then exits the cell. d. It injects its DNA into the host cell DNA, and the host DNA integrates viral DNA into the host genome. Page 4 of 5

5 BIO 1130FF - Midterm Examination November 9, 2013 Multiple choice questions - Place your answers on the answer sheet FF.22 Total number of microtubular strands surrounding the central core of a centrosome. a. 9 b. 11 c. 18 d. 27 e. 28 FF.23 Number of possible different gametes in a eukaryote with 5 pairs of chromosomes. a. 5 b. 8 c. 10 d. 32 e. 64 FF.24 Cytoskeletal mictrotubules are composed of this protein. a. actin b. myosin c. kinesin d. tubulin e. dyenin FF.25 Though plants, fungi, and prokaryotes all have cell walls, we place them in different taxa. Which of these observations comes closest to explaining the basis for placing these organisms in different taxa, well before relevant data from molecular systematics became available? a. Some closely resemble animals, which lack cell walls. b. Some have cell walls only for support. c. Some have cell walls only for protection from herbivores. d. Their cell walls are composed of very different biochemicals. e. Some have cell walls only to control osmotic balance. FF.26 Structural differences that prevent pollen exchange between two related species of flowering plants are examples of which reproductive isolating mechanism? a. gametic b. ecological c. temporal d. mechanical Page 5 of 5

6 BIO 1130 An Introduction to Organismal Biology Midterm examination Worth either 15% or 20% of your final grade Total points for both parts of the exam is 80 pts Saturday, November 9, 2013 Part B: Written questions a) Place your name and student number in the space provided below. Be sure that your student number is on the top of each of the following pages the exam will be separated. ONLY place your student number on the pages where indicated b) Answer all questions in the space provided on the exam. Do not transfer answers to the back of the page. c) You may use either pencil of ink for your answers. d) Answers as written paragraphs are preferred but point form is acceptable as long as the points are logically organized and not random statements or facts e) This is not an open book exam. f) There are five pages including this one in part B of the exam, be sure you have all five pages. g) Enter the multiple choice exam code in the space provided Name: Student number: Multiple Choice Exam Code (MM or FF):.

7 BIO1130 Midterm Examination November 9, 2013 STUDENT NUMBER: Don t enter your name. 12 pts Part 1. Briefly explain what each of the following terms means or the biological contribution made by the person. Where possible include an example in your explanation from a group or an organism to which the term or name applies. Autapomorphy Bacterial conjugation Chemoorganotroph Haplontic life cycle

8 BIO1130 Midterm Examination November 9, 2013 STUDENT NUMBER: Don t enter your name. 30 pts Part 2: Fill in the missing word, or provide the one word answer in the space provided at the end of the sentence. If the line is missing, add it to the end of the line. 2.1 Prions are common on the surface and are important in this cellular process. 2.2 The field of science that is primarily interest in the atomic element six on the periodic table (Two words). 2.3 Short nucleotide and protein sequences share this property when they are placed in aqueous solutions. 2.4 The late heavy bombardment in the history of the solar system marks the start of this Hadean phase. 2.5 With only one chromosome the genetic compliment of a bacterial cell is considered to be this. 2.6 Both Archea and Eukarya use these proteins to package their DNA. 2.7 This describes the problem of long chains of either RNA or protein as the first biopolymers. They are this. 2.8 Halophile bacteria love this. 2.9 Which part of the central dogma of biology does not occur inside the nuclear envelope In addition to the mitochondria this organelle in photosynthetic autotrophs also arose for the first time by a primary endosymbiotic event This gradient is essential if ATP is to be synthesized in a cell This common gas in today's atmosphere was absent in the Hadean atmosphere This nucleus is the larger of the two different nuclei found in ciliates Discovery of this virus reversed the direction of information flow between DNA, RNA and proteins Mitochondria replicate themselves using this bacterial process (Two words) 2.16 Myosin motors travel along strands of this protein The name for the stage of the malaria parasite as it feeds inside the red blood cell.

9 BIO1130 Midterm Examination November 9, 2013 STUDENT NUMBER: Don t enter your name The habitable zone that earth occupies in the solar system is also referred to as this type of zone The part of the amoeba where the endoplasm is converted to ectoplasm Phylogenetic systematics is also called this The percentage of the matter in our solar system that isn't a part of the sun These bacteria ultimately produced the oxygen environment we live in today These bacteria produced the natural gas that we currently burn as fuel The presence of this compound in the inner wall of the photosynthetic organelle in algae is evidence of the organelles bacterial origins The fusion of male and female gametes produces this This specialized cytoplasmic region contains the bacterial genome When the second flagellum appeared in the bikonts it was used for this activity A subset of organisms within a group that all have the same shared characters are referred to as this, and give this method of classification its name From about 4,800 Ma to 3,800 Ma this eon saw the formation of our solar system and our planet earth This chromosomal reorganization associated with meiosis increases genetic variation in Eukaryotes (Two words) Part three of the exam is on the next page

10 BIO1130 Midterm Examination November 9, 2013 STUDENT NUMBER: Don t enter your name. 12 pts Part 3: Answer the following two questions in the space provided. Each question is worth 6 points 3.1 How does the Proteins first Hypothesis explain the origins of the Central Dogma in Biology; what is the Central Dogma? 3.2 Describe the structure a protist flagellum