Answer Key- Biology Review for Fall Benchmark

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Brianne Patterson
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1 Name Class Answer Key- Biology Review for Fall Benchmark Definitions You should know what every word on this page means. Look through the entire review sheet and highlight any words you do not recognize. Be sure to learn the meaning of the terms you highlighted. Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes 1. Put a P next to the structures that are found in prokaryotic cells and an E next to the structures that are found in eukaryotic cells. a. Cell membrane P E b. Cytoplasm P E c. Chromosome P E d. Mitochondrion E e. Genetic material P E f. Ribosomes P E g. Chlorophyll P E (in plant cells) h. Chloroplast E 2. List three ways you can recognize a cell is a eukaryote. Size- eukaryotes are bigger than prokaryotes Presence of nucleus Presence of other membrane-bound organelles 3. Do eukaryotic cells ever have a cell wall? Yes If yes, what kind of eukaryotic cell has a cell wall? Plant (and fungi) 4. Do prokaryotic cells have a cell wall? Yes, bacteria have a cell wall composed of a protective substance called peptidoglycan. Biomolecules 5. List the elements present in each biomolecule a. Carbohydrate: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)

b. Lipid: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) c.

d. Nucleic Acid: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and

Monomer monosaccharide Monomer amino acid Builds carbohydrate

The Urey-Miller experiment demonstrated that organic molecules

2 b. Lipid: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) c. Protein: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHONS) d. Nucleic Acid: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHONPS) 6. Identify each monomer and what it builds. Monomer monosaccharide Monomer amino acid Builds carbohydrate Builds protein Monomer fatty acid Monomer nucleotide Builds lipid Builds nucleic acid 7. What did the Urey-Miller experiment demonstrate? The Urey-Miller experiment demonstrated that organic molecules could form from inorganic substances. In other words, they showed a possible way for the first biomolecules on the earth to be synthesized.

Levels of Organization 8. Number the levels or organization from simplest to most complex: 3 1 2 4 9. Cells combine to form tissues, which make up organs. 10.

The level of organization that is more complex than connective tissue is the organ level, while the cellular level is less complex. 11.

Cell Theory, Endosymbiotic Theory, and Characteristics of Life 12. What are the three tenets of the cell theory?

3 Levels of Organization 8. Number the levels or organization from simplest to most complex: Cells combine to form tissues, which make up organs. 10. Connective tissue includes blood, bone, fat. These tissues all serve to protect and support organs of the body. The level of organization that is more complex than connective tissue is the organ level, while the cellular level is less complex. 11. The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are examples of these and work together in an organ system to maintain homeostasis for the organism. Cell Theory, Endosymbiotic Theory, and Characteristics of Life 12. What are the three tenets of the cell theory? The cell is the basic structural unit of all organisms All living things are made of cells (unicellular or multicellular) Cells come from preexisting cells (cells are the basic unit of reproduction) 13. Use the cell theory to give 3 reasons why viruses are not considered alive. 1)Viruses are not organized into the structural unit of all organisms, the cell, 2)Viruses are neither unicellular nor multicellular, 3) and viruses cannot reproduce unless in a host cell.

14. Describe what is shown in the figure: A small aerobic prokaryote (mitochondrion) forms a symbiotic relationship with a large prokaryote and is engulfed by the large prokaryote by endocytosis.

This results in the formation of a complex eukaryotic cell containing smaller structures that work together to perform cell functions. 15. Summarize the evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory.

4 14. Describe what is shown in the figure: A small aerobic prokaryote (mitochondrion) forms a symbiotic relationship with a large prokaryote and is engulfed by the large prokaryote by endocytosis. The large prokaryote also forms a symbiotic relationship with a small photosynthetic prokaryote (chloroplast) and, again, engulfs the small prokaryote. This results in the formation of a complex eukaryotic cell containing smaller structures that work together to perform cell functions. 15. Summarize the evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA, similar to that found in prokaryotic cells. They also have their own double membranes, their own ribosomes, and can divide on their own. Systems, Homeostasis, and Cell Transport 16. What is the function of the structure shown below: The cell membrane regulates entry and exit into the cell, to maintain homeostasis.

5 17. Dialysis tubing is semipermeable, just like the cell membrane, so it makes a good model for what will happen to the cell when placed in different environments. A student makes a model of a cell using dialysis tubing, as shown below. What will happen to the cell model over time? Explain. The cell model will swell as water moves from high concentration (the hypotonic environment in the beaker) to low concentration (the inside of the cell). 18. Matching: A)Active transport iii i) Movement from high to low concentration, no energy required B) Passive transport i ii) Diffusion of water C) Osmosis ii iii) Movement from low to high concentration involving a protein pump, endocytosis, or exocytosis 19. Identify two other systems that the immune system works with to protect the body. the Circulatory system and the integumentary system (skin) because the white blood cells travel in circulatory system and the skin protects organisms from invaders. 20. What is the function of the circulatory system? To deliver nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and remove wastes such as carbon dioxide. 21. What is the function of the excretory system? To maintain fluid balance, filter the blood, reabsorb nutrients, and excrete wastes.

6 22. Explain the process illustrated below. What purpose does it serve? A simple feedback loop for the regulation of body temperature is shown. When the body is too warm, a signal is sent to increase sweat production which cools the body back down. 23. Explain the peaks and valleys in the graph: The peaks show the rise in blood sugar that occurs after eating a meal (breakfast is the first peak, lunch is the second peak, and dinner is the third peak). The slope decreases as glucose is transported from the blood and into the cells. This occurs after the pancreas produces insulin, which allows the transport of glucose across the cell membrane.

The diagram below represents levels of organization within a cell of a multicellular organism.

The diagram below represents levels of organization within a cell of a multicellular organism. STATION 1 1. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have the capacity to a. assemble into multicellular organisms b. establish symbiotic relationships with other organisms c. obtain energy from the