Biology 2018 Final Review. Miller and Levine

Transcription

1 Biology 2018 Final Review Miller and Levine

2 bones blood cells elements All living things are made up of. cells

3 If a cell of an organism contains a nucleus, the organism is a(n). eukaryote prokaryote plant animal eukaryote

4 Despite differences in shape and size, all cells have cytoplasm and a. cell wall mitochondrion cell membrane nucleus cell membrane

5 Photosynthesis takes place in the in plant cells. cell wall chloroplast mitochondria nucleus chloroplast

6 Which of the following controls what enters and leaves the cell? mitochondria cell membrane nucleus vacuole cell membrane

7 In many cells, the structure that controls the cell s activities is the. cell membrane nucleolus organelle nucleus nucleus

8 Which organelle converts the chemical energy in food into a form that cells can use? nucleolus mitochondria chromosomes chloroplast mitochondria

9 Threadlike structures that contain genetic information are called. ribosomes nuclei chromosomes mitochondria chromosomes

10 This organelle translates information from RNA into proteins. ribosome mitochondria chromosome chloroplast ribosome

11 The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is called. exocytosis endocytosis phagocytosis osmosis osmosis

12 Which statement best describes the result of placing a cell from fresh water into a concentrated sugar solution. water moves into the cell water moves out of the cell protein synthesis begins sugar moves out of the cell water moves out of the cell

13 What is the gelatin like substance between the nucleus and the cell membrane called? ribosome chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm cytoplasm

14 The process of cell division results in. sister chromatids two identical daughter cells mitosis unregulated growth two identical daughter cells

15 If a cell has 4 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis? 4

16 During, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. prophase metaphase anaphase telophase metaphase

17 The timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells is believed to be controlled by a group of closely related proteins called. chromatids centromeres centrioles cyclins cyclins

18 is an in between phase where a cell goes through a period of growth. prophase interphase telophase metaphase interphase

19 Uncontrolled cell division occurs in. cancer mitosis cytokinesis cyclin cancer

20 The is a mictrotubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes. cytoplasm spindle centriole none of the above spindle

21 Different forms of a gene are called. hybrids alleles dominant factors recessive factors alleles

22 A Punnett Square is used to determine the. probable outcome of a cross actual outcome of a cross result of mitosis result of meiosis probable outcome of a cross

23 Organisms that have two identical alleles for the same trait are said to be. dominant heterozygous homozygous recessive homozygous

24 The physical characteristics of an organism is its. genotype heredity phenotype genetics phenotype

25 Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait are said to be. dominant heterozygous homozygous recessive heterozygous

26 The scientific study of heredity is known as. genotype heredity phenotype genetics genetics

27 A nucleotide contains. DNA polymerase, a phosphate group, a nitrogen base 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, a nitrogen base a 5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base and DNA polymerase none of the above

28 During replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence ATA ACG CCT? ATA ACG CCT TAT TGC GGA UAU UGC GGA TAA TCG GGA TAT TGC GGA

29 During DNA replication, the DNA molecule separates into two strands, and then produces two following the rules of base pairing. complementary strands RNA molecules transformations DNA polymerase molecules

30 In a DNA or RNA molecule, the nucleotide adenine bonds with. both cytosine and thymine thymine or uracil cytosine guanine thymine or uracil

31 The nitrogenous bases are held together in a DNA molecule by. nothing water hydrogen bonds ionic bonds hydrogen bonds

32 The process of decoding m-rna into a protein is called. transformation transcription translation translocation translation

33 The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of m- RNA is called. translation transformation transcription replication transcription

34 Changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information are known as. replications transformations prokaryotes mutations mutations

35 In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular. nucleotide amino acid purine pyrimidine amino acid

36 An expressed gene is one that is. functions as a promoter is transcribed into m-rna codes for only one amino acid is made of r-rna is transcribed into m-rna

37 Anti-codons are three unpaired bases on a molecule. DNA m-rna r-rna t-rna t-rna

38 There are stop codons in m-rna. five three none two three

39 There are start codons. three two one none one (AUG)

40 The is where the m-rna molecule is translated into a protein. cytoplasm mitochondria nucleus ribosome ribosome

41 is a polymer of amino acids. DNA Protein t-rna r-rna Protein