NAME: PERIOD: The Cell and Its Functions

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1 NAME: PERIOD: The Cell and Its Functions Directions: Using your notes and book as a guide, complete the following questions to review everything we have learned about cells, their parts, and any functions that cells perform. Match the cell part on the left to the function on the right. 1.)C Cell Membrane A 2.)G Cell Wall B 3.)F Chloroplasts C 4.)N Chromatin D 5.)M Cytoplasm E 6.)A Endoplasmic Reticulum F 7.)I Golgi Bodies G 8.)B Lysosome H 9.)H Mitochondria I 10.)K Nuclear Membrane J 11.)E Nucleolus K 12.)L Nucleus L 13.)D Ribosomes M 14.)J Vacuoles N Carries proteins from one part of the cell to another; may have ribosomes attached to it Contain chemicals that break down food, wornout cell parts, and foreign invaders Forms the outside barrier to cell; controls what enters and leaves the cell Make protein; can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or in the cytoplasm Makes ribosomes; found in the nucleus Plants only; captures light energy and use it to make food for the cell Plants only; protects and supports the cell Produces most of the energy needed by the cell Receive, package, and transport materials from the ER and transport them to other parts of the cell (even outside the cell) Store water, food, and other materials for the cell Surrounds the nucleus and controls what enters and leaves the nucleus The control center of the cell; holds the genetic material Thick, Gel-like fluid that fills the cell Thin strands found in the nucleus; it is the genetic material found in the cell 15.) List one difference between plant cells and animal cells. Plant Cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts and animal cells do not 16.) List 4 Characteristics of Living Things.

Made of cells, have hereditary traits, maintain homeostasis, respond to the environment, grow and develop, reproduce, obtain and use energy, evolve over time 17.

2 Made of cells, have hereditary traits, maintain homeostasis, respond to the environment, grow and develop, reproduce, obtain and use energy, evolve over time 17.) What are the three parts to the cell theory? a-all living things are made of cells b-cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things c-new cells are produced from existing cells 18.) Cells that have a nucleus are called Eukaryotes (Eukaryote/Prokaryote) Cells that do not have a nucleus are called Prokaryotes (Eukaryote/Prokaryote) Use the table below to answer questions CELL NUCLEUS CELL WALL CELL MEMBRANE Cell A Yes Yes Yes Cell B Yes No Yes Cell C No Yes Yes 19.) Which cell is probably an animal cell? B 20.) Which cell is probably a plant cell? A 21.) Which cell is a bacteria cell? C 22.) In Cell B, where would the genetic material be found? Floating in the cytoplasm 23.) Which cell(s) would most likely contain chloroplasts? Cell A, Maybe cell C 24.) Why are bacteria cells different than animal or plant cells? No nucleus, smaller, reproduce faster, less organelles, in general are simpler cells 25.) Draw what the cell membrane looks like (lipid bi-layer). Label the parts of the bi-layer.

(at least 2 each) SIMILAR -Move molecules through membrane -proteins can help with the process DIFFERENT -Active requires energy -Passive- high to low concentration Active- low to high concentration

3 26.) Draw a picture of the special lipid pieces that make up the membrane. Label using the following words: HEAD, TAIL, HYDROPHOBIC, HYDROPHILLIC 27.) What are the three main ways that cells move molecules into or out of the cell? a-diffusion b-osmosis c-active Transport 28.) How are passive and active transport similar? How are they different? (at least 2 each) SIMILAR -Move molecules through membrane -proteins can help with the process DIFFERENT -Active requires energy -Passive- high to low concentration Active- low to high concentration 29.) What does it mean for the cell membrane to be selectively permeable? Allows some materials to pass through while preventing others from passing through 30.) Draw a series of pictures to show how a cell will engulf something through Active Transport.

4 Examine the diagram below. The letters represent molecules. The relative size of the molecules is represented by the size of the letter. The concentrations of molecules on each side of the membrane can be determined by the numbers of each letter on each side of the membrane. Arrows show the direction the molecules travel as they cross the membrane. 31.) What type of transport is demonstrated by molecule a? Explain how you know. Then include anything else that you know about this process. Passive transport because molecules moving from high to low concentration, moving through the lipid pieces of the membrane because they are small enough 32.) What type of transport is demonstrated by molecule B? Explain how you know. Passive transport because molecules moving from high to low concentration, moving through a protein (channel protein) 33.) What type of transport is demonstrated by molecule C? Explain how you know. Then include anything else you know about the process. Active Transport because molecules are moving from low to high concentration, moving through a protein (transporter), requires ENERGY 34.) Explain in detail how molecule D could cross the membrane. Molecule D would have to be engulfed because it is too big to move into the cell through the lipid pieces or through a protein

5 35.) Label the stages below with the stages of the Cell Cycle and Mitosis Anaphase Cytokinesis Interphase Metaphase Prophase Telophase a.) Metaphase b.) Interphase c.) Telophase d.) Anaphase f f e.) Prophase f.) Cytokinesis 36.) Label the stages below of Meiosis in the box to the right: Stages 1-Prophase 1 2-Metaphase 1 3-Anaphase 1 4-Telophase 1 and cytokinesis 5-Prophase 2 6-Metaphase 2 7-Anaphase 2 8-Telophase 2 and cytokinesis

6 37.) Compare Mitosis and Meiosis below: Type of Cells MITOSIS All body cells MEIOSIS Sex Cells (sperm and egg) # of Chromosomes (humans) # of Cell Cycles (divisions) # of Cells Made Purpose for Division 1 PMAT 2 To replace dead or damaged cells 2PMAT 4 To make sex cells wth ½ DNA 38.) What are the 3 main stages to the cell cycle? a-interphase b-mitosis c-cytokinesis 39.) Which stage is the longest in the above question? Interphase

40.) What is the name of the process that uses light energy to make food (in plants): Photosynthesis 41.) Write the chemical equation for the process mentioned in #40: 42.

7 40.) What is the name of the process that uses light energy to make food (in plants): Photosynthesis 41.) Write the chemical equation for the process mentioned in #40: 42.) What is the name of the process that breaks down food for energy (specifically glucose) using oxygen? REspiration 43.) Write the chemical equation for the process mentioned in #42: 44.) What is Fermentation? What is one fact about this process that makes it less efficient? Break down of food molecules for energy without oxygen, less ATP is made 45.) What are the two types and what types of cells/organisms complete these processes? Alcoholic- Bacteria Cells Lactic Acid- Muscle cells 46.) How are photosynthesis and respiration related to each other? The products from photosynthesis becomes the reactants for respiration, and products from respiration become the reactants for photosynthesis

Honors Biology-CW/HW Cell Biology 2018

Class: Date: Honors Biology-CW/HW Cell Biology 2018 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Hooke s discovery of cells was made observing a. living