2015 FALL FINAL REVIEW

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1 2015 FALL FINAL REVIEW Biomolecules & Enzymes Illustrate table and fill in parts missing 9A I can compare and contrast the structure and function of biomolecules. 9C I know the role of enzymes and how they work. 9D I know that each biomolecule is made up of a specific subunit. Biomolecule (polymer) Elements Subunits (monomer) Chemical Shape Examples Function Protein C,H,O,N,S Carbohydrates C,H,O (CH 2 O) Lipids C,H Nucleic Acids C,H,O,N,P (P,O,N,C,H) Match the structure to the function: 1. Providing quick energy. A. 2. Store and transmit genetic information. B. 3. Regulate chemical reactions (speed up). C. 4. Major component of cell membranes. D.

2 Label the diagram below using the following terms: active site, enzyme, product, substrate. 5. Explain how temperature affects enzyme activity. 6. Explain ph affects enzyme activity. Cellular Energy 4A I can compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 9B I can describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration work. 4B I can describe how energy cycles within cells.

3 1. WRITE THE CHEMICAL REACTION REPRESENTING CELLULAR RESPIRATION. CIRCLE THE PRODUCTS and BOX THE REACTANTS. HOW COULD YOU DETERMINE WHICH COMPOUNDS WERE THE PRODUCTS? Complete the table below. PHOTOSYNTHESIS REACTANTS CELL RESPIRATION REACTANTS PHOTOSYNTHESIS PRODUCTS CELL RESPIRATION PRODUCTS 2. PUT THESE ENERGY FORMS IN THE ORDER IN WHICH THEY MOVE THROUGH THE ECOLOGICAL ENERGY PATHWAY: CHEMICAL ENERGY (GLUCOSE); RADIANT ENERGY (LIGHT); 3. LABEL THE DIAGRAM BELOW.

4 Cellular Transport Match the term with its correct description: 9A I can describe the cell membrane structure. 4B I know the difference between active and passive cell transport. 4B I can predict the movement of molecules across a gradient. a. equilibrium e. active transport b. facilitated diffusion f. exocytosis c. endocytosis g. diffusion (simple) d. passive transport h. osmosis The diffusion of water through a cell membrane. A form of transport that does not require ATP. Process by which a cell takes in material by forming a vacuole around it Particle movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration A vacuole membrane fuses (becomes a part of) to the cell membrane and expels wastes from the cell. A form of passive transport that needs a protein channel. Particle movement from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration- *requires energy* When the molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance to become balanced. FILL IN BLANKS and DRAW ARROWS SHOWING THE MOVEMENT OF WATER Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Only water moves in osmosis! The diagrams below show the concentration of water and salt inside the cell and the concentration of water and salt surrounding the cell. Complete the sentences below by comparing the concentration of the water inside the cell and the concentration outside the cell. 1. 5% NaCl 95% H 2 O 95% NaCl 5% H 2 O a. The net flow of water will be (into the cell, out of the cell, in both directions). b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same). 2. 5% NaCl 5% NaCl a. The net flow of water will be (into the cell, out of the cell, in both directions). 95% H 2 O 95% H 2 O b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same). 3. a. The net flow of water will be (into the cell, out of the cell, in both directions). 95% NaCl 5% NaCl 5% H 2 O 95% H 2 O b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same).

5 DNA 6A I can recognize DNA is a double helix and I can recognize the parts of a nucleotide. 5A I can use base-pairing rules to replicate a strand of DNA. 9D I can recognize DNA has the biological instructions that make organisms unique. 3F I can describe the contributions of different scientists in the discovery of DNA. Label the DNA subunit and Match the DNA molecule below and answer the questions. 1. What is the structure of DNA? 2. According to Chargaff, what bases pair to one another? 3. What is the name given to the process of copying DNA (shown below) that ensures during cell division that daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells? What is the roll of DNA Polymerase in this process? 4. Write the complementary strand to this DNA molecule: G A T C C A T G A G T T A C C 5. List DNA s two main functions. 6. Calculate the missing % s (using Chargaff s Base Pairing Rules). Sample 1. A=17 % C= % G = % T = % Sample 2. A= % C= % G = 28 % T = %

6 Cell Cycle 5A I can describe and identify the stages of the cell cycle. 5A I can describe and identify the stages of mitosis. 5D I can relate cancer to the cell cycle. 5C I can describe the process of cell differentiation. 1. WHAT TERM DESCRIBES THE EVENTS A CELL UNDERGOES AS IT GROWS AND DIVIDES? WHAT TERMS DESCRIBES THE UNCONTROLLED DIVISION OF CELLS (THAT CAN OCCUR AFTER A MUTATION IN DNA)? 2. IDENTIFY EACH EVENT OR DIAGRAM AS EITHER G 1, S, G 2, OR M PHASE. a. CELL IS ACTIVELY DIVIDING b. CELL IS ACTIVELY GROWING c. CELL IS UNDERGOING DNA REPLICATION d. CELL IS PREPARING TO DIVIDE e. INCLUDES MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS f. CELL ONLY HAS A SINGLE COPY OF EACH CHROMOSOME g. CELL IS REPLICATING ORGANELLES h. CELL IS SYNTHESIZING SISTER CHROMATID COPIES 3. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SISTER CHROMATIDS AND HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES? 4. DRAW AND DESCRIBE EACH OF THE STAGE OF THE M-PHASE (PMAT+C). COMPARE MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS BY COMPLETING THE CHART. Crossing over PROCESS Metaphase Stage Type of Cells Purpose of Cells Products occur? (Y/N) MITOSIS MEIOSIS

7 Protein Synthesis 6C I can explain the purpose and process of protein synthesis. 6D I understand that gene expression is a regulated process. 6E I can identify types of mutations in the DNA and understand how these mutations affect the organism as a whole. 1. DRAW THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 2. Put the following steps of protein synthesis in order by numbering 1 through 5. mrna leaves the nucleus with the DNA code, and goes to the ribosomes ribosomes make proteins mrna and trna meet in the ribosomes DNA temporarily unzips mrna nucleotides match up to DNA 3. What process is shown below? Label the following diagram with these terms: A. mrna, B. trna C. ribosome D. protein E. Amino Acid 4. Using the given DNA strand as a template, determine the missing nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. DNA #1 3 TAC GGG GCG TTA ATG 5 mrna

8 AA 5. Label each type of RNA (ribosomal, messenger, transfer) and describe it s function Meiosis 6G I can compare and contrast the difference between mitosis and meiosis. 6G I can recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction. 1. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DIPLOID AND HAPLOID. 2. IF A GOAT HAS 60 CHROMOSOMES IN A SOMATIC CELL.... HOW MANY WOULD EACH DAUGHTER CELL HAVE AS A RESULT OF MITOSIS? a. MEIOSIS DAUGHTER CELL? 3. DESCRIBE THE EVENTS THAT INTRODUCE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE PRODUCTS OF MEIOTIC DIVISION. 4. LABEL THE DIAGRAMS BELOW THAT DESCRIBES MEIOSIS. MITOSIS.

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