Know how to read a balance, graduated cylinder, ruler. Know the SI unit of each measurement.

Transcription

1 Biology I Fall Semester Exam Review Due the day of your final for a maximum of 5 extra credit points. You will be able to use this review on your exam for 15 minutes! Safety and Lab Measurement: Know how to read a balance, graduated cylinder, ruler. Know the SI unit of each measurement. Know when you need to use the following safety equipment: Goggles - Eye Wash - Apron - Shower - Fire extinguisher - Fume Hood - What do you do when you first start a lab? Finished with a lab? What do you do with left over chemicals or specimens? What do you do with broke glassware? Scientific Method: What is a hypothesis? What makes a hypothesis weak or strong? What is a variable? What is an independent variable and a dependent variable? What is a conclusion? What is data used for? Chapter 2 Lipids Carbohydrates Amino Acids Nucleic Acids Function Monomer Polymer Example - How does an enzyme work? Explain the lock and key analogy for the enzyme-substrate complex 1

2 What factors affect an enzymes ability to work? What makes an enzyme become denatured? How does ph affect the rate of an enzyme? What are two factors that influence enzyme activity? Chapter 7 - Cell structure: Know description, function (job), location, and illustration cell membrane cell wall nucleus vacuole chloroplast mitochondrion golgi apparatus ribosome cytoskeleton cytoplasm rough endoplasmic reticulum smooth endoplasmic reticulum Structure: Energy: Cell Division: Plant Cell Structure: Energy: Cell Division: Animal Cell Prokaryotic cell vs Eukaryotic Cell 2

3 Know the order and definition of the Cellular Organization: organ, organ system, tissue, cell What is the function of a cellular membrane (phospholipid bilayer) Passive Transport Active Transport Types: (know definition and examples) *Diffusion Example: *Facilitated Diffusion *Osmosis Hypertonic Soln vs Hypotonic Soln vs Isotonic Soln Ch. 8 Photosynthesis *Where does it take place? *What is the overall equation? What organelle does the cell use to capture energy and in what form? Autotroph vs Heterotroph Why are cellular respiration and photosynthesis opposite of each other? Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration *Where does it take place? *What is the overall equation? What organelle do they use to capture energy and in what form? What parts of the organelle are involved? What happens when oxygen is not present to breakdown glucose? What is the goal of cellular respiration? Cell Division Chapter 10: Label and Describe all the steps of the cell cycle in order G1, cytokinesis, cell division, G2, S 3

4 Mitosis: What type of cells does Mitosis occur in? What is the result of Mitosis? What happens in prophase? Draw a diagram What are centrioles? What are spindle fibers? What happens in metaphase? Draw a diagram What happens in anaphase? Draw a diagram What happens in telophase? Draw a diagram What is cytokinesis? Draw a diagram and describe how it s different in animal and plant cells Chp 12: DNA & Protein Synthesis DNA Shape Nitrogen bases Sugars Location mrna Illustrate and Label : DNA Nucleotide vs RNA Nucleotide DNA Replication 4

5 Where does this happen? When does this happen? What happens? Who s involved? Why does this happen? How does this happen? *What is the DNA Base Pair Rule? *What is the RNA Base Pair Rule? Protein Synthesis What is the purpose of protein synthesis? What is a gene? What is transcription? Where does it take place? What is translation? Where does it take place? mrna - Purpose - Illustration trna - Purpose - Illustration rrna - Purpose - Illustration What is a polypeptide? Protein Synthesis Practice 1st Transcribe the DNA into an mrna strand 2nd Use Codon Chart on page 303 to match the codon from the mrna to the amino acid 1. DNA: T A C A A A G T T A G A G A G T A G A T C mrna : amino acid: 2. DNA: T A C A A A G A C A T T A G A T T C A T C mrna : amino acid: What is a mutation and how can it affect an organism? Types of mutations: (be able to identify examples) Gene Mutations Chromosomal Mutations 5

6 *point mutation *frameshift mutation 6