Biology Unit 3 Exam DO NOT WRITE ON THIS EXAM. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1 Biology Unit 3 Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Water moves into a cell placed in a(n) solution. a. osmotic c. hypotonic b. hypertonic d. isotonic 2. Water moves out of a cell if the cell is placed in a(n) solution. a. hypertonic c. hypotonic b. isotonic d. passive 3. If cells are placed in a strong sugar solution, water will. a. pass from the sugar solution to the cells b. pass from the cells to the sugar solution c. stay in the cell d. pass back and forth 4. A cell moves particles from a region of lesser concentration to a region of greater concentration by. a. facilitated diffusion c. osmosis b. passive transport d. active transport 5. Which of the following is not a form of passive transport? a. facilitated diffusion c. facilitated diffusion b. endocytosis d. osmosis 6. The causes of cancer may include which of the following? a. environmental influences c. viruses b. UV radiation d. all of the above 7. A gene is a segment of DNA that controls the production of. a. carbohydrates c. centromeres b. microtubules d. proteins 8. Which of the following monitors a cell's progress from phase to phase during the cell cycle? a. a series of enzymes c. lipid molecules b. microtubules d. protein molecules 9. Which of the following explains why a cell's size is limited? a. Volume increases faster than surface area. b. Surface area increases faster than volume. c. Homeostasis is disrupted by a cell that is too large. d. both a and c 10. As a cell grows, its increases more than its. a. length, volume c. volume, surface area b. width, surface area d. none of these 11. Among the following, the term that includes the others is. a. interphase c. mitosis b. nuclear division d. cell cycle 12. A chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber by the. a. nucleolus c. centromere b. deep furrow d. centriole 13. Which of the following structures is the most complex? a. cell c. organ b. organ system d. tissue

2 14. The chromosomes shown in Figure 8-6 are in which state of mitosis? Figure 8-6 a. prophase c. anaphase b. metaphase d. telophase 15. The main energy-trapping molecule in plants is. a. chloroplast c. stroma b. chlorophyll d. carotenoids 16. A green pigment that traps energy from sunlight is. a. carotenoid c. chlorophyll b. ATP d. thylakoid membranes 17. In order to move molecules in your kidneys, your body needs. a. energy c. cold b. sunlight d. heat 18. In the complete process of photosynthesis, the. a. Calvin cycle yields CO 2 b. light reactions release oxygen c. Calvin cycle breaks down H 2 O d. light reactions produce NADP + from NADPH + H In glycolysis, a net total of molecules of ATP are gained. a. four c. three b. two d. zero 20. Kidneys use energy to move molecules and ions in order to keep the blood chemically balanced. This process is an example of cells using energy to. a. carry on chemosynthesis c. control body temperature b. transmit impulses d. maintain homeostasis 21. Which of the following equations best represents photosynthesis? a. C + O 2 + H 2 O CO 2 + HOH c. 6C + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 b. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 d. C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 22. Leaves appear green because the green portion of the light that strikes them is. a. changed to heat c. destroyed b. absorbed d. reflected 23. Cells store energy when.

3 a. the third phosphate group breaks off from an ATP molecule b. they break down sucrose to glucose and fructose c. a third phosphate group is bonded to an ADP molecule d. ions are released into the bloodstream 24. The energy in glucose cannot be released by. a. glycolysis c. respiration b. burning d. photosynthesis 25. Which of the following is not a part of adenosine diphosphate? a. glucose c. ribose b. adenine d. two phosphate groups Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. exocytosis d. isotonic solution b. gene e. osmosis c. diffusion f. hypertonic solution 26. movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration 27. the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell 28. the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell 29. diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane 30. release of wastes or cell products from inside to outside a cell Completion Complete each statement. 31. The structures that hold together sister chromatids are. 32. In a dividing cell, the football-shaped structure consisting of thin fibers is the. 33. The process by which nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells is. 34. The sequence of growth and division of a cell makes up the. 35. The process by which autotrophs use energy from sunlight to build carbohydrates is called. Short Answer 36. Pickled foods are preserved with salt. How might a strong salt solution preserve cucumbers?

4 Figure The graph in Figure 8-2 shows typical concentrations of several ions inside and outside an animal cell. Concentrations of ions inside the cell are shown in gray, outside in black. What is the approximate concentration in mm of Mg 2+ ions inside the cell? 38. The graph in Figure 8-2 shows typical concentrations of several ions inside and outside an animal cell. Concentrations of ions inside the cell are shown in gray, outside in black. Which ions are in the greatest concentration outside the animal cell? Figure Cells A and F of Figure 8-3 show an early and a late stage of the same phase of mitosis. What phase is it? 40. When prokaryotic bacterial cells undergo cell division, the single circular chromosome replicates to form a second chromosome. This new chromosome, like the original, attaches to the plasma membrane. Next, the plasma membrane pinches inward, and a cell wall forms across the middle of the cell to separate the two chromosomes and form two daughter cells. How does cell division in bacteria differ from mitosis in eukaryotes?

5 The large size of many fruits and flowers is the result of polyploidy, a condition in which the nuclei of an organism's cells contain extra sets of chromosomes. Polyploidy often occurs naturally, but it can also be artificially induced by plant breeders. How have breeders been able to mimic a naturally occurring phenomenon? Researchers have determined that the chemical colchicine suppresses cell division by preventing the formation of spindle fibers. Without these fibers, the sister chromatids cannot become properly oriented for separation into individual nuclei. In effect, mitosis is stopped after prophase. However, the cell may continue to make copies of its chromosomes. As a result, the nucleus of the cell contains multiple sets of chromosomes. Suppose a researcher wished to investigate how extra sets of chromosomes are produced. First, she treated two onion roots with a colchicine solution and left two roots untreated. After a period of several days, she placed thin slices from each root tip on separate slides, stained the specimens, and examined the slides under a microscope at high power. 41. What was the variable in the investigation? In 1803, Thomas Engelmann of Germany used a combination of filamentous alga and aerobic bacteria to study the effect of various colors of the visible light spectrum on the rate of photosynthesis. He passed white light through a prism in order to separate the light into the different colors of the spectrum; then he exposed different segments of the alga to the various colors. He observed in which areas of the spectrum the greatest number of bacteria appeared. Figure Did Engelmann's observations verify his hypothesis? Explain. Refer to Figure What was the independent variable in this experiment? You may refer to Figure Why did Engelmann select aerobic rather than anaerobic bacteria? See Figure Was determining where there was more oxygen the purpose of Engelmann's experiment? If not, state the purpose. You may refer to Figure What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?