Cartography = Science of Mapmaking
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- Jerome McDonald
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1 Mapping
2 Cartography =
3 Cartography = Science of Mapmaking
4 Eratosthenes (Era TOS the neez) Ancient Greek Librarian at Alexandria in Egypt (3rd c. BCE). First accurate measurement of circumference of the earth (within 50 miles). Based on suns angle at the summer solstice and the distance between two Egyptian cities of Alexandria and Syene. Also credited with coining the term geography in Greek which literally translates to earthwriting
5 Ptolemy Ancient Egyptian/Greek (2nd c AD) Published Guide to Geography Compilation of rough maps of landmasses Based on groovy new global grid system Circular earth
6
7 Age of Discovery
8 The importance of proper map research Case study #1: Titanic
9 The tragic outcome
10 The importance of proper map use Case study #2: Blair Witch Project
11 The fatal error
12 The result
13 If you know how to read a map You will get along with your friends. You will find your way back home. You will live to a ripe old age.
14 If you don t know how to read a map You will argue and fight with your friends. You will cuss a whole lot. You will die a horrible, gruesome death at the hands of supernatural demons.
15 MAPS = LIFE
16 Maps Elements of a map Latitude and longitude Scale Map projection Types of maps Mental maps
17 Elements of a map POINTS cities, sites, etc. LINES boundaries, routes, etc. FILLS political colors, thematic patterns, etc. TYPE/SYMBOLS Labels, statistical charts, etc.
18 Spatial Change Over Time: Baseball Teams, 1952 and 1998
19 Spatial Interaction: Flows of Foreign Investment
20 Shuttle Columbia, Feb. 1, 2003
21 Latitude and Longitude Poniatowski, Wisconsin 45 N, 90 W 90 N Latitude lines (parallels) run East-West, labeled N or S Degree Minutes International Date Line 180 Santiago, Chile S, W Longitude lines (meridians) run North-South, labeled E or W.
22 Poniatowski, Wisconsin 45 N, 90 W
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25 Projections: Turning a globe into a map
26 World Map Projections
27 Mercator Projection Robinson Projection Peters Projection Goode s Homosoline Projection
28 All Map Projections Distort Relative Size or Shape or Direction or Distance or A combination of the above.
29 Mercator Projection
30 Mercator Projection
31 Goode s Homolosine Projection
32 Goode s Homolosine Projection
33 Peters Projection
34 Robinson Projection
35 Shape distortions of projections Molleweide Mercator Cylindrical Equal-Area
36
37
38 Scale
39 Scale: Meaning #1 The size/scope of places being studied Local Global Think in terms of local issues vs regional, national, or global issues
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43 Scale: Meaning #2 Shows the ratio of distance and area on Earth to the distance and area on a map Example: one cm on map equals 1 km Representations: proportional fraction (1/100,000) ratio (1:100,000) bar scale verbal statement
44 RATIO BAR SCALES
45 Opposite meaning of scale A large-scale map shows a small area A small-scale map shows a larger area A scale of 1/5,000 is a large-scale map compared to a scale of 1/1,000,000.
46
47 Types of maps Choroplethic Uses choropleths, or existing (political) units Isometric Uses isolines, or data lines (such as contours) Symbolic Proportional representation, located charts, etc. Cartograms Or a combination of the above
48 Choroplethic map : Calorie supply
49 Isometric map : Spatial Diffusion of College Soccer
50 Isometric map: Time-Space Compression
51 Topographic map (using elevation contour isolines)
52 Proportional symbols map : AIDS victims
53 Located chart map: Population increase
54 Cartogram: Population growth rates
55 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data-driven systems Allows merging (comparison) of data using layers of information on a map. Fastest growing area of geographic jobs Highly technical, centered in government and business
56 Mental (cognitive) maps of our geographical perceptions
57 Map of Bellarmine In your notebook, create a mental (cognitive) map of Bellarmine campus: Include the most important locations for you.
58 New Yorker s View of the World
59 The World as seen from Ukraine
60 Mental map (Cognitive Map) interpretation Selection of information, details, labels Omission is as important as inclusion Proportions of sizes, scales, shapes Choice of physical or cultural features Relative placement of features Influence of personal experience Influence of media and world events Effect of core, periphery, semi-periphery
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