Ch2&3 Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1 Ch2&3 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Earth s circumference is about 40,000 km, and its shape is a. an oval. c. a perfect sphere. b. an oblate spheroid. d. a perfect circle. 2. According to the law of gravitation, the force of attraction between two objects depends on the masses of the objects and the a. distance between them. c. size of each object. b. composition of each object. d. magnetic field of each object. 3. The solid, plastic layer of the mantle is called the a. core. c. lithosphere. b. mesosphere. d. asthenosphere. 4. Which of the following is closest to the average circumference of Earth? a. 4,000 km c. 7,400 km b. 40,000 km d. 74,000 km 5. All of the following are parts of the compositional structure of Earth EXCEPT the a. global ocean. c. core. b. mantle. d. crust. 6. The shape of Earth most closely resembles a(n) a. perfect sphere. c. oblate spheroid. b. approximate oval. d. perfect circle. 7. Anything that has mass and takes up space is known as a. protons. c. energy. b. newtons. d. matter. 8. A closed system is a system in which the only thing exchanged with the surroundings is

2 a. energy c. mass b. matter d. water 9. Earth s shape most closely resembles a(n) a. perfect sphere. c. perfect circle. b. oval. d. oblate spheroid. 10. The force of attraction that exists among all matter in the universe is called a. magnetism. c. the magnetosphere. b. weight. d. gravity. 11. Approximately 70% of Earth s surface is covered by the a. continental crust. c. mantle. b. Moho. d. global ocean. 12. Which of the following is NOT an important energy source for Earth systems? a. sun c. gravity b. nitrogen d. convection 13. Which of the following elements is NOT involved in the cycling of energy and matter on Earth? a. phosphorus c. gold b. nitrogen d. carbon 14. Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation are part of a. the water cycle. c. the geosphere. b. transpiration. d. the atmosphere. 15. All of the following are important sources for energy in the Earth system EXCEPT a. water energy. c. internal convection. b. the sun. d. gravity. 16. Which of the following is NOT one of the major processes in which energy and matter repeatedly move through a series of reservoirs? a. carbon cycle c. biocycle

3 b. nitrogen cycle d. phosphorus cycle 17. Transpiration is one part of the a. ecosystem. c. hydrosphere. b. water cycle. d. biosphere. 18. Because Earth s interior is warmer than its surface layers, hot materials move toward the surface in a process called a. energy balancing. c. energy transfer. b. convection. d. rotation. 19. Carbon is stored as a type of rock called carbonate in the a. biosphere. c. hydrosphere. b. atmosphere. d. geosphere. 20. Plants capture and transfer solar energy in a process called a. oikos. c. transpiration. b. ecology. d. photosynthesis. 21. In general, how do ecosystems react to change? a. They restore balance. c. They collapse. b. They become disrupted. d. They become smaller. 22. How does the transfer of energy throughout an ecosystem begin? a. Humans create pollution. b. Plants capture solar energy through photosynthesis. c. The energy store on Earth is depleted. d. Producers eat consumers. 23. A community of organisms and their abiotic environment is called a(n) a. biosphere. c. ecology. b. ecosystem. d. hydrosphere. 24. The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is a. the time it takes to complete a cycle in the ecosystem.

4 b. the number of organisms that are active in an ecosystem. c. the largest population that an ecosystem can support at one time. d. the natural resources available at one time in an ecosystem. 25. A diagram that shows the feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem is a a. food web. c. food chart. b. food chain. d. food pyramid. 26. Where does a compass needle point? a. to the North Pole c. to the South Pole b. to the geomagnetic north pole d. to the equator 27. What is true about the equator? a. It is the only line of latitude that is a great circle. b. It is the same as the prime meridian. c. It is a line of longitude. d. It falls at latitude 60 N. 28. How are latitude and longitude measured? a. in kilometers c. in degrees, minutes, and seconds b. in miles d. in hours, minutes, and seconds 29. What is the prime meridian? a. the only line of longitude that is also a great circle b. the international date line c. the only line of latitude that is also a great circle d. the line of longitude designated as What is latitude? a. the angular distance north or south from the equator b. the linear distance north or south from the equator c. the angular distance east or west from the prime meridian d. the linear distance north or south from the prime meridian 31. What is longitude? a. the linear distance north or south from the prime meridian

5 b. the angular distance east or west from the prime meridian c. the angular distance north or south from the equator d. the linear distance east or west from the equator 32. Latitude uses parallel circles that indicate positions a. east and west of the prime meridian. c. north and south of the prime meridian. b. east and west of the equator. d. north and south of the equator. 33. Longitude indicates positions using a. parallel circles east and west of the prime meridian. b. semicircles east and west of the prime meridian. c. semicircles north and south of the prime meridian. d. parallel circles north and south of the equator. 34. What is the geomagnetic north pole? a. the geographic North Pole b. the place toward which a compass needle points c. the magnetic declination of the North Pole d. the prime meridian 35. What is a great circle? a. a circle that marks the circumference of the globe b. a parallel that goes all the way around the globe c. a single meridian that extends from the North to the South Pole d. a circle that corresponds to the radius of the globe 36. Which is an example of a fractional scale? a. one inch = one mile c. 1 cm = 1 km b. a printed line like a ruler d. 1: In addition to using data from remote sensing, cartographers get data to make maps from a. field surveys. c. field trips. b. visual sensing. d. ancient maps. 38. With all map projections, the larger the area shown, a. the less the distortion. c. the greater the distortion.

6 b. the more accurate the map. d. more useful the map. 39. One degree of latitude represents what fraction of Earth s circumference? a. 1/4 c. 1/180 b. 1/60 d. 1/ The science of making maps is called a. mapography. c. geology. b. cartography. d. geography. 41. What is a cylindrical projection? a. a projection of a flat map in a cylindrical shape, traced on a globe b. a projection made using a cylinder of paper wrapped around a lighted globe c. a map made using paper wrapped around a lighted cylindrical shape d. a projection of a cylinder used to convert a flat map to a sphere 42. What is an azimuthal projection? a. a projection of a flat map in an azimuthal shape, traced on globe b. a map made using paper where the axis lines up with lighted globe c. a projection using a paper that touches lighted globe at one point d. a map made using paper wrapped around lighted globe 43. What is the term that describes a specific location s height above sea level? a. relief c. topography b. contour d. elevation 44. What does color indicate on a topographic map? a. elevation c. geologic unit b. direction d. type of feature 45. Who is most likely to find soil maps useful? a. farmers, agricultural engineers, conservationists b. landlords, realtors, bankers c. engineers, builders, carpenters d. map collectors, cartographers, Earth scientists

7 46. On a geologic map, contact lines show where a. two geographic units meet. c. two geologic units meet. b. elevations are similar. d. contours makes contact. 47. Geologic maps are designed to show a. various colors that represent political boundaries. b. the distribution of rocks and faults, folds, and other structures. c. types of rocks, minerals, and soil. d. elevation, relief, and other surface features. 48. A contour interval is the a. difference in elevation between one contact line and the next. b. difference in color between one contour line and the next. c. difference in rock age between one geologic unit and the next. d. difference in elevation between one contour line and the next. 49. The symbols used on a map are explained in the a. legend. c. compass rose. b. scale. d. topography. 50. In what fields are soil maps most likely to be used? a. cartography, zoology, and geology b. economics, marketing, and management c. engineering, construction, and coal mining d. agriculture, land management, and conservation

8 Ch2&3 Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 2. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 3. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 5. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 6. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 9. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2

9 15. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1

10 31. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3

11 47. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3

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