Operational Climate Monitoring

Transcription

1 Operational Climate Monitoring Concept of Climate data records & operational climate monitoring Introduction CM SAF Examples of downstream services in Europe (e.g. WMO RCC RA VI) in US (e.g. drought monitoring) Summary and conclusions

2 Needs for Climate Observations / Monitoring High resolution (time and space ) Optimal coverage Consistent Sustained Full range of variables Data sets for Climate system understanding Attribution Trend analysis Model evaluation Extremes 2

3 Concept of Climate Data Records (I) Fundamental Climate Data Record denote a long-term satellite data record, involving a series of instruments, [ ] sufficient to allow the generation of homogeneous products providing a measure of the independent variable that is accurate and stable enough for climate monitoring. Thematic Climate Data Record Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDR) are geophysical variables derived from the FCDRs, specific to various disciplines DOI: /EUM_SAF_CM/FCDR_SSMI/V001 Interim Climate Data Record Climate Data Records regularly updated with algorithm / system identical to TCDR generation DOI: /EUM_SAF_CM/WVT_ATOVS/V001

4 CM SAF: Climate Monitoring and Services Climate Assessment Maps & films Statistics Climatological Background Information: Thematic Climate Data Records TCDR TCDR Thematic Climate Data Records Multi-satellite geophysical parameter records derived from FCDRs Indices & Indicators Extremes. Climatological Up-to-date Information: InterimClimate Data Records ICDR ICDR Interim Climate Data Records Multi-satellite geophysical parameter records

5 Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring

6 CM SAF: more than just a project Federate Activities Validation of mw FCDR Validation of GOME-2 LST from Meteosat Validation of ROM data Cloud Microphysics SEVIRI Cloud Mask Joint Precipitation WG Surface Albedo SCOPE-CM (WMO) Intercalibration of imager data AVHRR FCDR LWP and Rain Water Path Land sfc albedo Multiplatform sfc albedo Upper Tropospheric Humidity OSI, O3, LSA, ROM, NWC, EUM CM SAF (core project) FCDR SSMI/S TCDR global CLARA-A3 TCDR global High Clouds TCDR HOAPS TCDR global Precipitation TCDR global UTH TCDR regional clouds TCDR regional sfc rad TCDR regional Land Fluxes ICDR processing Support activities User Help Desk Outreach and Training Visiting Scientist QC of satellite & radiosonde data Error characterization of SSMI radiances Comparing UTH estimates Aerosol direct radiative forcing Trends in solar radiation Cloud simulator Marine boundary clouds QC of geostationary data Cloud radiative effect Sat / in-situ data fusion Land Surface Temperature WMO, EUMETSAT, JMA, NOAA (NESDIS, NCEI STAR) Univ. Wisconsin, Univ. Mass., Univ. Miami, Lulea Univ., NCAR, UKMO, RAL,

7 CM SAF CDRs

8 CM SAF: FCDR MWI FCDR MWI Fundamental Climate Data Record of Microwave Imager Radiances from SMMR, SSM/I, and SSMIS. Latest release, V003: SMMR (Nimbus 7), SSM/I (F08,F10,F11,F13,F14,F15), SSMIS (F16, F17, F18). DOI: /EUM_SAF_CM/FCDR_MWI/V003 New release of the FCDR in CDOP3, covering the period Highlights/ Improvements Completely reprocessed data record, starting from measured counts (SSM/I, SSMIS). Scene dependent inter-sensor calibration to F11 via transfer targets F13 and F16 for SSMIS and ERA-20C for SMMR. Correction of moonlight-intrusions, sunlightintrusions, along-scan non-uniformity, reflector emissivity. Review geolocation. Facts (CDOP3) Covered time period: Area: global. Spatial resolution: sensor resolution. Parameters: brightness temperatures, EIA offsets, inter-calibration offsets, noise information. Inter-calibration offsets also for AMSR-E, TMI, GMI and potentially AMSR2 to CM-SAF FCDR product family.

9 CM SAF: Global Precipitation Product Global Precipitation Product Embedded in a joint European effort, based on a series of dedicated, international workshops. Global, i.e., also beyond 60 N/S, climate precipitation product with full uncertainty characterisation. Independent from dynamical models (e.g., NWP, reanalysis). Demonstrator product will be ready in an early phase of CDOP3 ( ). A proof-of-concept product version V4 will be released in late CDOP3. Dietzsch et al. (2017) 0,4Highlights/Improvements Maximum use of FCDRs, expertise in FCDR development. Retrieval and merging methods developed within this group. Uncertainty model available. Traceability through control over full processing chain from Level 1 to Level 4 including uncertainty estimates. Close cooperation with GPCC, OceanRAIN and others. Expertise in the evaluation of precipitation products. Sustained satellite operation, sustained core budget. Facts (CDOP3) Covered time period: Area: Global. Spatial resolution: 1 x1 on regular latitude/ longitude grid. Parameters: precipitation, uncertainty estimates. Products are available as gridded daily and monthly means in netcdf.

10 Operational Climate Monitoring Concept of Climate data records & operational climate monitoring Introduction CM SAF Examples of downstream services in Europe (e.g. WMO RCC RA VI) in US (e.g. drought monitoring) Summary and conclusions

11 Sea Ice Extent Monitoring Ocean and Sea Ice SAF

12 New Directions in Remote Sensing of Drought Since the late 1990 s, the capability to monitor and map key components of the hydrological cycle have become possible using satellite remote sensing because of: 1) the launch of many new sensors collecting a wide array of Earth observations, 2) improved computing capabilities, and 3) more advanced modeling and analysis techniques. Remote Sensing Estimates of: New Remote Sensing Instruments Courtesy of B. Wardlow (WMO CCl TT URSDCM)

13 Usage of VegDRI U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) National Weather Service Drought Reports Arizona Drought Monitor Report New Mexico Drought Status Report Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Other Examples: Crop insurance companies Forest health/tree die-off research Wildfire monitoring and research Courtesy of B. Wardlow (WMO CCl TT URSDCM)

14 Downstream Application; Example WMO Regional Climate Centre RA VI Thematic Climate Data Record Long time series of Essential Climate Variables Interim Climate Data Record Regular & consistent updates of TCDRs

15 Products by WMO RA VI RCC-CM Operational climate monitoring (examples) Courtesy of Andre Obregon, DWD Means (Radiation) Anomalies (TCWV) Percentiles (CFC) Climatologies (CFC) Hovmoeller (Radiation) Time series (Radiation) Climate information records (examples)

16 A combined global precipitation data record with daily resolution and uncertainty estimates (DOI: /DWD_CDC/HOGP_050(100/250)/V001) Technical specifications daily 1.0 and 2.5 global 0.5 Europe Combined data record Land: GPCC gauge data (Becker et al., 2013) Ocean: precipitation from HOAPS, based on microwave observations (Andersson et al., 2010a,b) GPCC: Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (see HOAPS: Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite data (see

17 Global ETCCDI climatology ETCCDI: CCl/CLIVAR/JCOMM Expert Team (ET) on Climate Change Detection and Indices. First global (i.e. land and ocean) application using the DAPACLIP dataset (Dietzsch et al., 2017, Climate, accepted).

18 Verification of hindcasts within the MiKlip project MiKlip (Marotzke et al., 2016, BAMS, accepted): medium-range climate forecasts, funded by BMBF. Model: MPI-ESM using GECCO2 Compare ETCCDI climatologies based on DAPACLIP and hindcast from MPI-ESM. Dominant feature in the bias: shift of the ITCZ, in particular in the Pacific. BMBF: German Ministry for Education and Research MPI-ESM: Max-Planck-Institute Earth System Model GECCO: German Estimation of the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean

19 Satellite Observation complement the surface observation system supporting operational climate monitoring A sustained infrastructure is now in place (e.g. CM SAF) or adressed Also the downstream services have been set up (e.g. RCC, C3S) Scientific quality of (satellite) CDR s has strongly evolved in the last 5 years -> becoming suitable for operational climate monitoring In parallel ICDR s are being generated and available Both together allow for extreme monitoring 22