The Nebraska Mesonet!"#$%"&'%()'*+,&-./#"'*"&'$"$.&0)+!"$1)12+'$&"-3&"''10+"$.&4#15.''1# 6789:;8<=>
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1 The Nebraska Mesonet!"#$%"&'%()'*+,&-./#"'*"&'$"$.&0)+!"$1)12+'$&"-3&"''10+"$.&4#15.''1# 6789:;8<=>
2 The Nebraska State Climate Office!"#$%&!'%()& MISSION Deliver science-based weather and climate information for decision-making. OBJECTIVES! Provide high quality and timely services.! Engage stakeholders to understand needs.! Operate a statewide weather network.
3 The Nebraska Mesonet 9("$!(:%&!'%()& MISSION Monitor weather and climate conditions of Nebraska. History! Began in 1981 with 5 stations.! Currently at 69 stations.! Transition from ag network to long-standing environmental monitoring program. HARRISON 4NW ALLIANCE 6NW ANGORA 13N SCOTTSBLUFF 6NW SCOTTSBLUFF 2NW BROADWATER 7N OSHKOSH 6N SIDNEY 2NW BIG SPRINGS 8NE BRULE 6SW GORDON 4SE NEBRASKA MESONET AT THE NEBRASKA STATE CLIMATE OFFICE ARTHUR 8S WHITMAN 5NE SPARKS 5NE AINSWORTH 2NE MULLEN 30N DUNNING 6NW LONG PINE 20S MERNA 2SW NAPER 12SW EMMET 3E ORD 2N CHAMBERS 4S ELGIN 6W FORDYCE 4N WAUSA 3SW CONCORD 2E WEST POINT 2W LEIGH 1W DUNCAN 2W DECATUR 7S OAKLAND 4W KEYSTONE 3W ITHACA 3E MEMPHIS 5N NORTH PLATTE 3SW CENTRAL CITY 3W MEMPHIS 4N GOTHENBURG 2NW PLATTSMOUTH 2SE DICKENS 9N COZAD 8N YORK 2W ALDA 3W GRANT IE EAGLE 3NW SHELTON 2SW LEXINGTON 4S KEARNEY 3E WOODRIVER 5SE LINCOLN NEBRASKA CITY 3NW CURTIS 1N KEARNEY 5E MICRONET HAYES CENTER 3N SMITHFIELD 2E AXTELL 5NE HARVARD 4SE FIRTH 3N HOLDREGE 5N CHAMPION 5SE RAGAN 5W PLYMOUTH 4E McCOOK 4NE GUIDE ROCK 3E
4 Observations ;<=("13(!:(>! Air temperature (2m)! Humidity (2m)! Wind speed (3m)! Wind direction (3m)! Warm season precipitation! Solar radiation! Soil temperature 10cm, bare ground
5 Observations Air temperature (2m)! Humidity (2m)! Wind speed (3m)! Wind direction (3m)! Warm season precipitation! Solar radiation! Soil temperature 10cm, bare ground! Soil moisture 10, 25, 50, 100 cm, grass! Barometric pressure
6 Observations 4A!#$'! +<":1#<9B&"! Air temperature (2m)! Humidity (2m)! Wind speed (3m)! Wind direction (3m)! Warm season precipitation! Solar radiation! Soil temperature 10cm, bare ground! Soil moisture, temp 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 cm, grass! Barometric pressure! 10-m temperature, humidity, wind
7 6(9B?A"1 C* Station siting Considerations! Rural! Grass cover! Limited obstructions! Long-term! Non-irrigated
8 Value of a state Mesonet! State of the art equipment (Campbell Scientific, Li-Cor, RM Young).! Regular calibration services.! Annual maintenance. Sensor upgrades as needed.! Quality controlled data.! Near real-time available (every 5 minutes, transitioning to 1 minute).! Data products available.! Non-mesonet dataset visualization.
9 Soil moisture monitoring genesis Goal: improved water supply monitoring for drought mitigation! Installation began in 1998 with Stevens-Vitel Hydra-Probe.! Depths of 10cm, 25cm, 50cm, 100cm.! U.S. Bureau of Reclamation grant funding.! Reliability of Vitel sensors became an issue.!"#$%&'%()$*+,-.(/0&.*$12(34()$*+,-.(5*60.*$
10 Soil moisture monitoring developments! Transition to Dynamax ML2x Theta Probes in 2001.! Many still in place, running successfully for > 10 years.! To align with federal standards, observing depths for all new installations are: 5cm,10cm, 20cm, 50cm, 100cm.! Current sensor is the ML3.
11 Soil moisture data integrity issues When bad things happen to good data:! Sensor goes bad.! Wire is chewed.! Crack in the soil column.! Sensor is dug up.! Animal burrow.! Lightning strike. The two best forms of quality control are:! Regular site visits.! A person looking at the data.
12 Soil moisture data integrity issues
13 Soil moisture data products
14 Data utility - applications! Assess drought conditions with local input.! State agency briefings.! Hydrologic support.
15 Data utility - research! Land-surface atmosphere interactions.! Mesoscale weather modeling.! Drought assessment.! Model and remote sensed verification.! Vadose zone hydrology.
16 Climate updates
17
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