Extent and Degree of Shoreline Oiling: Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Oil Spill, Scott Zengel Research Planning, Inc. Tallahassee, Florida

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1 Extent and Degree of Shoreline Oiling: Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Oil Spill, Scott Zengel Research Planning, Inc. Tallahassee, Florida

2 Background & Definitions SCAT survey data presented here SCAT = Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique Multiple surveys over several years for DWH Not Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) Not aerial or satellite based Not forensic oil or sediment chemistry

3 What is SCAT? Visual ground based shoreline survey Standard methods and terminology Primarily supports oil spill response Documents oiling conditions Identifies areas needing shoreline cleanup Contributes to shoreline treatment plans

4 What is SCAT? cont. Monitors cleanup effectiveness and effects Inspects shorelines against cleanup endpoints Recommends when cleanup is complete Used as data source for NRDA Used as data source for Oil spill research studies Oil spill restoration planning

5 Who conducts SCAT surveys? SCAT fields teams include: Federal agencies State agencies Responsible party Local agencies, landowners Other specialists

6 Summary Oiling Data Definitions Maximum oiling Greatest oiling extent and degree recorded: across all surveys (May 2010 May 2013) stats current to latest peer reviewed publications, not presenting latest updates (minor changes) Current oiling Oiling conditions based on latest survey as of: May 2011 (1 year) May 2012 (2 years) May 2013 (3 years)

7 Definitions cont. Oiling degree based on oiling width, percent cover, and thickness Summary oiling degree classes: Heavy Moderate Light Very Light Trace (<1%) No Oil Observed (NOO)

8 Shore Perpendicular Oiled Band Width Oil Dist. Wide >1.8m Medium m Narrow m Very Narrow <0.3m Continuous >90% Heavy Heavy Moderate Light Broken 51 90% Heavy Heavy Moderate Light Patchy 11 50% Moderate Moderate Light Very Light Sporadic 1 10% Light Light Very Light Very Light Trace <1% Trace Trace Trace Trace Initial Categorization Average Oil Thickness Heavy Moderate Light Very Light Thick >1 cm Heavy Heavy Moderate Light Cover cm Heavy Heavy Light Light Coat cm Moderate Moderate Light Very Light Stain/Film <0.01 cm Light Light Very Light Very Light

9 By the numbers Maximum shoreline oiling across the Gulf 1,773 km ( 1,102 mi.) from SCAT surveys 1,831 km if include 58 km of trace oiling in Texas Maximum oiling by shoreline type 900 km on sand beaches (51%) 796 km in coastal wetlands 77 km on other shoreline types

10 By the numbers cont. Maximum oiling by state (all shoreline types) 286 km in Florida (16%) 155 km in Alabama (9%) 259 km in Mississippi (15%) 1075 km in Louisiana (61%)

11 By the numbers cont. Maximum sand beach oiling by state 282 km in Florida (31%) 132 km in Alabama (15%) 190 km in Mississippi (21%) 296 km in Louisiana (33%)

12 By the numbers cont. Time series, all shoreline types ( ) 1,773 km (maximum) 855 km (2011) 685 km (2012) 632 km (2013) 2013 oiling by shoreline type 469 km on sand beaches 152 km in coastal wetlands 12 km other shorelines

13 By the numbers cont. Heavy to moderate oiling on beaches 258 km (maximum) 28 km (2011) 19 km (2012) 17 km (2013) Light to trace oiling on beaches 96% of oiling recorded in % trace oiling

14 By the numbers cont. Shoreline oiling in comparison to other spills Deepwater Horizon (Gulf): 1,773 km Exxon Valdez (Alaska): 2,100 km 1991 Gulf War (Saudi Arabia): 707 km Texas City Y 2014 (Texas): 260 km Refugio Spill 2015 (California): 120 km

15 Maximum Shoreline Oiling

16 Shoreline Oiling 2011 (1 year later)

17 Shoreline Oiling 2012 (2 years later)

18 Shoreline Oiling 2013 (3 years later)

19 Barataria Maximum Shoreline Oiling (LA)

20 Barataria Shoreline Oiling 2011 (1 year later)

21 Barataria Shoreline Oiling 2012 (2 years later)

22 Barataria Shoreline Oiling 2013 (3 years later)

23 Shoreline Oiling Degree by State Over Time & By Shoreline Type

24

25

26 Wrap Up Maximum shoreline oiling ranks among largest marine oil spills in history >50% decline in total oiling extent at 1 year >39% decline in beach oiling extent at 1 year >80% decline in heavy moderate oiling on sand beaches at 1 year

27 Wrap Up Declines in oiling attributed to Natural attenuation (oil weathering, degradation, and natural removal processes) Shoreline cleanup activities

28 Wrap Up cont. Flattening rate of oiling change over time Periodic exposure of oil buried by natural processes on sand beaches Periodic exposure and transport of oil in shallow nearshore areas to sand beaches Persistent oil in some coastal wetlands

29 Wrap Up cont. LA cleanup on beaches was initially less intensive than elsewhere; later push to find and remove buried oil that continued into 2013 FL conducted post response monitoring through 2014, observing continued trace oiling and a few nearshore oil mats

30 For more information PLOS One paper (June 2013) 2Fjournal.pone IOSC paper (May 2014) ?= NOAA Deepwater Horizon ERMA Site (SCAT data) NOAA Shoreline Assessment Manual (2013) anual_shore_assess_aug2013.pdf

31 Acknowledgements

Erich Gundlach, Ph.D.

Erich Gundlach, Ph.D. Oil Shoreline Interactions: Deepwater Horizon SETAC Boston, November 2011 Erich Gundlach, Ph.D. E-Tech International Inc. New York, USA ErichEti@ cs.com www.oil-spill-info.com What s Going On Shorelines

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