Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering VOLGENAU SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
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1 Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering VOLGENAU SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING Wetlands as a nature-based coastal defense A numerical modeling and field data integration approach to quantify storm surge attenuation for the Mid-Atlantic region Jana Haddad 1, Anne-Eléonore Paquier 2, Seth Lawler 1, Celso M. Ferreira 3 1 Graduate Student, Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, George Mason University 2 Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, George Mason University 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, George Mason University 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
2 Background Wave attenuation by vegetation has been explored: Field studies Lab simulations Effective attenuation depends on: micro-topography, geomorphology, vegetation characteristics, storm parameters, spatial scales Dissipation of surge energy via vegetation resistance Vegetation roughness impedes wind flow Dampening of wind-driven surface stresses e.g. Resio & Westerink (2008) 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
3 Study Region: Virginia Chesapeake Bay Numerical Modeling + Geospatial Analysis: 1. Incidence of surge inundation 2. Spatial scales of wetlands present 3.4% 3. Proximity of communities at risk Haddad et al. (2015), Nat. Haz., 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
4 Objective Can a regional scale model be used for quantification of storm surge attenuation by wetlands? REGIONAL SCALE LOCAL SCALE PROCESS SCALE 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
5 Methods Regional scale model: ADCIRC+SWAN Sensitivity analysis in semi-idealized conditions Local scale model: ADCIRC subdomains Sensitivity analysis in realistic conditions at marsh field sties Resolution, delineation of marsh geometries Spatial representation of surface roughness Field work mobilization/deployments Calibrate with field data: topo, vegetation, hydrodynamic Against hydrodynamic data gathered during storms 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
6 Regional Model set-up Mesh: adapted from FEMA R3 Storm Forcing: NHC Best Track ~ 1.5 million node unstructured mesh Dynamic asymmetric parametric (Holland) model 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
7 Semi-idealized analysis Spatial scales for attenuation Lawler et al (2015), under review, Ocean & Coastal Management 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
8 Local Scale: Marsh Field Sites Monie Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, MD Magothy Bay Natural Area Preserve Dameron Marsh Natural Area Preserve Eastern Shore of VA National Wildlife Refuge 11/17/2015 OCEANS 15 8
9 FEMA Region 3 mesh at marsh scale Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
10 ADCIRC Subdomains Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
11 Hurricane Arthur Subdomain Run Hurricane Arthur (asymmetric vortex wind model) Full run: 3.75 hrs, 400 cores Sub run: 1.25 hrs in serial Max. Water Elevation H0 = 0.1 m 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
12 Wetting and Drying Test H0 = 0.05 m H0 = 0.01 m 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
13 Field Work Water level survey (Pressure, 1meas./6min) Hydrodynamics Wave survey (Pressure, 4 Hz) Current Survey (Vel. and dir. profiles, 1meas./ 10 min) Hobo U20L-01 - Onset Trublue 255 Meas. Spec. Aquadopp Nortek Vegetation survey Topographical survey Photographic survey Quadrat, caliper, meter tape DGPS Trimble RTK 4.3 Bushnell/Gopro 11/17/201 5 Storm Surge Syposium, November
14 Pre-Joaquin Deployment, October /17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
15 Impressions so far Capacity of wetlands to provide storm surge attenuation in the Chesapeake Bay region is highly dependent on storm characteristics, wetlands configuration and geomorphology. However, at the same spatial scale -> high degree of scatter in attenuation. Combining modeling and field measurements will provide a more robust framework to understand the potential of storm surge attenuation by wetlands. 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
16 Future Work Perform sensitivity tests iteratively improving: 1. Resolution DEM and field surveys 2. Spatial definition of surface roughness vegetation surveys, NLCD, NWI, etc. Testing ADCIRC s bottom friction formulations Calibration with field data based on sensitivity experiment results. 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
17 Acknowledgements The views expressed herein are those of the research group and do not necessarily reflect views of our sponsors or any sub agencies. The use of trade names does not constitute an endorsement in the use of these products by the U.S. Government. 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
18 Questions? Contact info: Jana Haddad: Celso Ferreira: 11/17/2015 Storm Surge Syposium, November
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