Using satellite observations to assess high resolution ocean models. HRCP workshop 2016 Hans Bonekamp EUMETSAT

Transcription

1 Using satellite observations to assess high resolution ocean models HRCP workshop 2016 Hans Bonekamp EUMETSAT 1 JHRCP WS April 2016

2 Should I have reversed the title of this talk? <= Using high resolution ocean models to assess satellite observations => Using satellite observations to assess high resolution ocean models I did not! 2 JHRCP WS April 2016

3 Session 2: Development of coherent designs and collaborations for experiments Coordination at high level CGMS (<= atmosphere) CEOS (<= Ocean) ( In-situ: GOOS, EUROGOOS, other regional alliances) Coherency in time Sustainability (Essential Climate Variables, Essential Ocean Variables) CEOS Virtual constellations and associated science teams Higher resolution models need higher resolution observations will give some important examples with individual missins Collaborations for experiments GODAE ocean view In addition EUMET in service and user requirements Sentinel-3 and Jason-3 services Marine Data stream user requirements 3 JHRCP WS April 2016

4 Space -based baseli ne GOS Increasing importance for Ocean Uncertain FY-3E in early morning orbitz 4 JHRCP WS April 2016

5 WMO / CGMS <-> CEOS CGMS Ocean Considerations Several coordination areas are well catered for outside CGMS, in particular by CEOS Virtual Constellations Encourage the CEOS Virtual Constellations to submit papers to CGMS on relevant operational matters with appropriate recommendations to CGMS Strengthen the link to JCOMM, in particular the Cross Cutting Task team on Satellite Data Requirements. Ocean is considered explicitly in climate activities and handled by the CEOS-CGMS Joint Working Group, and the increased capabilities of the next generation GEO satellites for ocean applications will also be addressed in this context. CGMS-42 meeting, May 2014, Guangzhou 5 JHRCP WS April 2016

6 6 JHRCP WS April

7 What can you expect from a CEOS VC? Provision of a coordination mechanism to harmonize systems, payloads, data processing and calibration/validation infrastructures; Serving as a programmatic PoC for the global geophysical variable measurement system as a whole, addressing issues which go beyond the individual mission programmes, such as orbit optimisation; Establishing and maintaining an international consensus on the structure of the (minimum) constellation that fulfils user needs; Supporting and engaging the active user community, structured through the International Science Teams (GHRSST, OSTST, IOCS, IOVWST) assuming that these sciences teams also address the key applications areas. Generally, VC work is done on Best Effort basis. 7 JHRCP WS April 2016

8 CEOS Ocean Virtual Constellations Sea Surface Height: CEOS Ocean Surface Topography Virtual Constellation (OST-VC) Ocean Surface Topography Science Team (OSTST) Sea Surface Temperature: CEOS SST Virtual Constellation (SST-VC) Group for High Resolution SST (GHRSST) Ocean Surface Vector Winds: CEOS Ocean Surface Vector Winds Virtual Constellation (OSVW-VC) International Ocean Vector Winds Science Team (IOVWST) Ocean Colour: CEOS Ocean Colour Radiometry Virtual Constellation (OCR-VC) International Ocean Colour Coordination Group (IOCCG), IOCS meetings 8 GOVST-V JHRCP WS Beijing April

9 Altimetry over the years 9 JHRCP WS April 2016

10 Missions Now-Future Launch Date /08 Jason-2 FR/EU/USA Reference Nadir Missions (Non Sun-Synchronous) Jason-CS-A/Sentine-6-A EU/USA Jason-3 FR/EU/USA Complementary Nadir Missions JCS-B EU/USA 02/13 Saral/AltiKa FR/Ind Sentinel-3A EU Sentinel-3B EU Sentinel-3C EU Sentinel-3D EU 04/10 CRYOSAT-2 EU 08/11 HY-2A CN HY-2C CN HY-2B CN HY-2D CN Broad-Coverage Mission SWOT USA/FR Compira jp Operating 10 JHRCP WS April 2016 Development Proposed Feb 2016

11 Missions Past-Now Launch Date Reference Nadir Missions (Non Sun-Synchronous) Jason-1 FR/EU/USA 08/92 TOPEX/POSEIDON FR/USA Jason-2 FR/EU/USA Complementary Nadir Missions J3 FR/EU/USA ENVISAT EU 04/95 ERS-2 EU Saral/AltiKa FR/Ind 02/98 GEOSAT FO USA S3A eu CRYOSAT-2 EU HY-2A CN Past Operating Feb JHRCP WS April 2016

12 Today s Alongtrack altimetry technology Conventional Low Resolution Mode (LRM) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Mode delayed doppler Signal & noise averaged over 5-7 km radius footprint 300 m alongtrack, 5-7 km crosstrack radius T/P Jason CR2-SAR Envisat Sentinel-3 (2016) SARAL J-CS (2020) 3

13 873 km SWOT (Surface Water Ocean Topography) Mission Mission Architecture Ka-band SAR interferometric (KaRIn) system with 2 swaths, 60 km wide Produces heights and co-registered allweather SAR imagery Intrinsic resolution 2 m x m grid Onboard processor gives 250 m 2 grid over oceans Interferometry will reduce noise by 1 order of magnitude : 2.4 cm 2 /cycle/km 2 Use conventional Jason-class altimeter for nadir coverage, radiometer for wettropospheric delay, and GPS/Doris/Laser ranging for orbit determination km km Main Interf. Left swath Main Interf. Right swath Nadir interf. channels Partnered mission NASA, CNES & CSA & UKSA years Mission life of km Orbit, 78º Inclination, 21 day repeat Launch:

14 EKE calculated from mapped satellite altimetry benchmark for validating HR ocean models 14 JHRCP WS April 2016

15 Sentinel-6: Continuity of Service for Topography (1) Prime mission objective: Continue high-precision global sea level time series with an error on sea level trend < 1 mm/year Continuity with past altimeters in the reference series (all operated in LRM) > TOPEX/POSEIDON France/USA Jason-2 Europe/USA Jason-CS A Europe/USA Jason-1 France/USA Jason-3 Europe/USA Jason-CS B Europe/USA Past Operating Approved Proposed Global Sea Level Trends Over Past 21+ Years (1992 to 2013) Promise of an unprecedented 40 years long systematic measurement Great boon for Climate, Sea Level Rise Monitoring 15 GOVST-V JHRCP WS Beijing April

16 Interleaved Mode (INTM): LRM + SARM LRM SARM Figure 6: Sketch of the Interleaves Mode pulse timing over 12 ms. Red (green) stripes represent generated (received) pulses (Courtesy NOAA). SARM+LRM Slide: JHRCP WS April 2016

17 Sea Surface Temperature (Geostationary) Meteosat-9 (SEVIRI) EU Meteosat-10 (SEVIRI) EU GOES-13 (Imager) US-West GOES-14(Imager) US-west GOES-15 (Imager) US-East Meteosat-11 (SEVIRI) EU MTG-I1 EU MTG-I2 EU MTG-S1 EU GOES-R (ABI) US GOES-S (ABI) US FY-2E MTSAT-1R (Japan) MTSAT-2 (Japan) FY-2F (China) Elektro-L N1 (Russia) Himawari-8 (Japan) Himawari-9 (Japan) FY-4 0/A,B,C (China) Elektro-L N2 (Russia) Elektro-L N3 (Russia) Kaplana (India) INSAT-3A (India) COMS (Korea) INSAT-3D (India) COMS 2A/B (Korea) INSAT-3D R/S (India) In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval 17 JHRCP WS April 2016

18 ERS-2 ATSR-2 ENVISAT AATSR Dual view capability POES AVHRR/3 (pm orbit) METOP-A METOP-B (AVHRR/3, IASI) (am orbit) FY-3A Sea Surface Temperature (Polar orbiting) AQUA & TERRA (MODIS) S-NPP (VIIRS) FY-3B,C,D (VIRR) Sentinel-3A SLSTR Sentinel-3B SLSTR METOP-C JPSS-1 (VIIRS) Sentinel-3C/D SLSTR FY-3B,C,D (VIRR) Optical (TIR) Polar Orbiting Metop-SG A (METimage, IASI-NG) JPSS-2 (VIIRS) METEOR-M1 MSU-MR METEOR-M2 MSU-MR METEOR-M3 AMSRE GCOM-C SGLI Aquarius SAC/D (NIRST) OCEANSAT-3 (TIR) HY-2A HY-2B,C,D GPM-Core GMI TRMM GCOM-W1 (AMSR-2) WindSat Passive Microwave, Polar & non sun-synchronous Orbiting GCOM-W2 (AMSR-2) GCOM-W3 (AMSR-2) In orbit Approved Planned/Pending approval 18 JHRCP WS April 2016

19 Key SST VC issues Redundant capability of passive microwave radiometers with 6GHz channel is needed (e.g. continuation of GCOM-W) improved drifting buoys. towards high resolution and higher accuracy SST drifter sensors (HRSST-2) for satellite SST validation. Capacity building : SST dedicated capacity building in consideration 19 JHRCP WS April 2016

20 20 JHRCP WS April 2016 Surface Winds constellation status

21 SCA specifications Scatterometer specifications: versus SCA ASCAT SCA 21 JHRCP WS April 2016

22 Observation Principle 22 DopSCAT transmits a dual chirp, that is a combination of an up-chirp, and a downchirp. This waveform allows estimating not only the σº but also the Doppler shift of the ocean. The ambiguity functions of LFM pulses with opposite chirp rates are skewed in opposite direction, meaning that the introduced delay has an opposite sign. 22 JHRCP WS April 2016 s( t) s Detected IRFs u Ambiguity function up-chirp ( t) s d ( t) Aexp j2π f c t 1 2 B τ t 2 Ambiguity function down-chirp Crosscorrelation Aexp j2π f c t 1 2 τ B τ s t 2 f D τ B rect τ ( t)

23 GNSS-Reflectometry: basics Signals of opportunity from Global Navigation Satellite Systems e.g GPS, Galileo Global, ubiquitous signals Huge improvement in space-time sampling L-band (unaffected by rain) Small low-cost receivers Can be accommodated on small satellites or satellites of opportunity to build a constellation of GNSS-R receivers Measurements of ocean height and ocean surface roughness 23 JHRCP WS April 2016

24 24 JHRCP WS April 2016 Scatterometer constellation status

25 Status and main topics since last VC day Addition of RapidSCAT to the constellation first opportunity to look into the diurnal cycle, helping to refine the optimum constellation requirement: at least three missions in sun-synchronous orbit (WMO driven), plus one in non sun-synchronous orbit to resolve the diurnal cycle to improve inter-calibration ScatSAT launch and validation expected early work on facilitating data access operationally already ongoing Updated our CEOS web page Progress on updating the IDN for ASCAT data sets IOVWST working groups followed up and with VC participation: On data formats and standards On climate data sets main focus being the integration of Ku- and C- band winds On high winds characterisation and validation - workshop coming up in December JHRCP WS April 2016

26 OCR-VC: Mission Overview 26 JHRCP WS April 2016

27 SIT Tech. Workshop 2015 EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany 17 th -18 th September OCR-VC agencies are fully in support of the GEO Blue Planet Components "agency mapping" exercise. Mission planned. Consideration of available, and planned, international agency assets and resources for OCR cal/val. Steps towards implementation of the International Network for Sensor Intercomparison and Uncertainty assessment for Ocean Colour Radiometry (INSITU-OCR) o Vicarious calibration NOAA continues to fund and sustain MOBY NASA VCAL Instrument competitive tender ESA/EUMETSAT studies o In-situ data base. the format for submissions of in situ data to the agencies. For example, it would be beneficial to have an interagency standard template. 27

28 Copernicus Spce component 28 JHRCP WS April 2016

29 GOVST: Coupled Prediction Task Team connected/supported by the other TTs Intercomparison & Validation TT (IV-TT) Observing System Evaluation TT (OSEval-TT) Coupled Prediction TT (IV-TT) Marine Ecosystem Analysis & Prediction TT (IV-TT) Coastal Ocean & Shelf Sea TT (IV-TT) Data Assimilation TT (DA-TT) Sample key issue: How to use Altimetry Data? 29 JHRCP WS April 2016

30 Sentinel3 Geographical Coverage Image: ESA

31 Sentinel-3 Ground Track high inclination orbit (98.65 ): optimal coverage in high latitudes Image: ESA

32 Sentinel SRAL ground track patterns S3A = S3B km = 52 km Image: Landsat (Google Earth)

33 Sentinel-3 Marine Core Products Product EUMETCa st Distribution ODA Data Centre Timeliness Dissemination Unit size Size per orbit (GB) (likely compressed sizes) OLCI L1 EFR OLCI L1 ERR NRT Frame (3 min) 21.5 NTC idem idem NRT Full Orbit Daylight (2666 sec) NTC idem idem OLCI L2 WFR NRT, NTC Frame 14.2 OLCI L2 WRR NRT Full Orbit Daylight 0.95 NTC idem idem SLSTR L1B NRT, NTC Frame (3 min) 29.0 SLSTR L2 WST SRAL L1B NRT Frame (3 min) 0.75 NTC Full orbit: South Pole to South Pole NRT, STC* Full orbit: dump Idem NTC *Half Orbit: Pole to Pole idem SRAL L2 WAT NRT, STC* Full orbit: dump 0.2 NTC *Half Orbit: Pole to Pole idem

34 Volume in Terabyte 3. Data Centre: Estimated Data Volume increase 120,000 Data Centre growth (prognosis) related to missions 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 Now: 1,500 TB EPS-SG MTG-RPR MTG S3-RPR S3 Jason Metop MSG MTP 0 34 JHRCP WS April 2016

35 Conmclusions and recommendations Next decade enhanced capabilities to support HR modelling For oceanography, the satellite observing community (under CEOS) becomes more user-driven and coordinated. Engage yourself also as a application science community; user requirements should have an upward trace to the applications AND science. request detailed information and capability building Support and/or link with Godae Oceanview Support and/or link with Int Science teams 35 JHRCP WS April 2016