Current and Upcoming NASA Hurricane Measurement Missions National Hurricane Conference

Transcription

1 NASA Science Mission Directorate Earth Science Division Applied Sciences Program Current and Upcoming NASA Hurricane Measurement Missions National Hurricane Conference April 18, 2017

2 Formulation Implementation Primary Ops Extended Ops Sentinel-6A/B Earth Science Instruments on ISS: RapidScat CATS LIS SAGE III (on ISS) TSIS-1 OCO-3 ECOSTRESS GEDI CLARREO-PF TSIS-2 Observe land global hurricane for weather; hurricane NASA Earth Science Fleet MAIA TROPICS (12) EVM-2 Suomi NPP (NOAA) Landsat 8 (USGS) SMAP disaster data dynamics assimilated response and precipitation in models ICESat-2 CYGNSS (8) ISS SORCE, TCTE (NOAA) Aqua Terra CloudSat TEMPO JPSS-2 (NOAA) RBI, OMPS-Limb GRACE-FO (2) NISTAR, EPIC (NOAA S DSCOVR) QuikSCAT Landsat 7 (USGS) CALIPSO EO-1 SWOT NI-SAR PACE Landsat 9 This presentation focuses on hurricanespecific missions: GPM CYGNSS TROPICS NISAR GPM Aura OCO-2 GRACE (2) OSTM/Jason 2 (NOAA) 2

3 GPM Overview GPM = Global Precipitation Measurement Design Mission Science Objective Measure and map global precipitation patterns and changes to understand the global water cycle and storm scale dynamics GPM Core satellite has state-of-the-science Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (Ka & Ku) and GPM Microwave Imager ( GHz) GPM Constellation is made up of 9 international satellites that together provide intercalibrated, high temporal resolution, global coverage Launched 28 February

4 GPM Applications Applications Assimilate observations into numerical weather prediction, land system, and global climate modeling for improved forecasting Extreme Event analysis for tropical and mid-latitude cyclones Disaster preparedness relating heavy precipitation to potential for floods and landslides Water resources and agriculture to track drought and famine Public health and ecology for disease tracking, food security, and animal migration Data Latency Imagery and rain rate products are generally available within an hour Global, gridded rain rate products available within 4 hours 4

5 GPM Imagery: Near Real-Time Rainfall 5

6 GPM Imagery for Hurricane Matthew 6

7 GPM Imagery for Hurricane Hagupit 7

8 CYGNSS Overview Mission Science Objective Measure ocean surface wind speed in all precipitating conditions to understand coupling between ocean surface and inner core dynamics for genesis and rapid intensification Design Constellation of 8 LEO microsats at an altitude of 510 km and inclination of 35 degrees Specular reflections for GPS/CYGNSS pairs (DDMI) measure ocean surface wind speed Launched on 15 December 2016 aboard a NASA-provided Pegasus rocket at KSC CYGNSS = Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System 8

9 CYGNSS Applications Applications Use by operational forecasters to track storm evolution and intensity Assimilate observations into mesoscale and global numerical weather prediction models to assess impacts on storm track and intensity Disaster preparedness related to wind impacts and storm surge Data Latency Current latencies range from around an hour to upwards of one week Mission is actively seeking partnerships to increase number of ground stations to reduce data latency 90-minute (top) and daily (bottom) data coverage from CYGNSS 9

10 CYGNSS Early Look Imagery First look at wind speed measurement from DDMI on satellite FM06 on 21 Jan 2017 Comparison to ECMWF wind speed analysis ground truth 10

11 TROPICS Overview Mission Science Objective Relate temperature, humidity, and precipitation structure to evolution of tropical cyclone intensity Design 12 CubeSats with 12-channel passive microwave radiometer (MicroMAS) Provide rapid-refresh observations of temperature and moisture soundings and precipitation over the tropics with minute revisit time Launch planned for timeframe TROPICS = Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats 11

12 TROPICS Applications Applications Use by operational forecasters to track storm evolution and intensity Assimilate observations into mesoscale and global numerical weather prediction models to assess impacts on storm track and intensity Disaster preparedness relating heavy precipitation to potential for floods and landslides Data Latency Current latencies range from around an hour to upwards of one week Mission is actively seeking partnerships to increase number of ground stations to reduce data latency 12

13 NISAR Overview 747 km Mission Science Objective Primary mission objectives are related to ice sheet change and land deformation associated with earthquakes and landslides Obtain specialized high resolution imagery to explore urgent hazard response and mitigation Design Dual frequency L- and S-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 12-day global revisit time Launch planned for no earlier than 2021 NISAR = NASA ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) Synthetic Aperture Radar Earth surface Observation Geometry 13

14 NISAR Applications Applications Detect hurricane wind speeds, even in storm centers Identify flooding related to heavy precipitation or storm surge Disaster response showing land cover change due to storm impacts, including landslide potential and impact Data Latency Current latencies range from 1 day for raw data products to upwards of one month for higher level products 14

15 NASA Earth Science Division Applied Science Program NASA s Applied Science program engages with the decision-making community to provide access to and expertise using NASA Earth Science datasets NASA is continuously looking for opportunities to partner with other private sector, state/local government, disaster responders, university, and other federal agencies to provide value-added observations to support decision makers 15

16 How to Get Involved Opportunities to learn more about upcoming missions 1st TROPICS Applications Workshop on May 8-10, 2017 in Miami, FL ( 2nd CYGNSS Applications Workshop scheduled for Oct. 30- Nov. 3, 2017 in Monterey, CA For more information or to get involved with mission applications, contact: Dalia Kirschbaum GPM John Murray CYGNSS Sue Owen NISAR Brad Zavodsky TROPICS 16

17 Summary NASA s Earth Science Division has a large fleet of Earth Science missions measuring various aspects of the Earth system Four of these missions (GPM, CYGNSS, TROPICS, and NISAR) directly measure tropical systems or impacts for disaster response Each of these missions has an applications lead who is responsible for coordinating end-user identification and engagement; please contact them to learn more about the missions or to tell us about how you might be able to use our data NASA is continuously looking for opportunities to partner with other private sector, state/local government, disaster responders, university, and other federal agencies to provide value-added observations to support decision makers 17