Retrievals of Land surface temperature using LANDSAT8 and ASTER data over Italian volcanic areas: comparison of satellites and in situ measurements
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1 Retrievals of Land surface temperature using LANDSAT8 and ASTER data over Italian volcanic areas: comparison of satellites and in situ measurements M.F. Buongiorno, M. Silvestri, M. Musacchio Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia GlobTemperature User Consultation Meeting #4, Lisbon, 7 th and 8 th June 2016
2 Summary General approach Test sites Ground truth and validation Data analysis Conclusion
3 General Approach Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) Gillespie et al., 1998 TERRA-ASTER ( Land Surface Temperature LST ( Landsat8 Barsi et al., 2003 Barsi, J.A., J.L. Barker, J.R. Schott. An Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator for a Single Thermal Band Earth-Sensing Instrument. IGARSS03, July 2003, Centre de Congres Pierre Baudis, Toulouse, France. Gillespie, A. R., Matsunaga, T., Rokugawa, GLOBTEMPERATURE S., & Hook, S. J. User (1998). Consultation Temperature and emissivity separation from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission meeting, and Reflection Lisbon Radiometer 7-8 June 2016 (ASTER) images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36,
4 Landsat 8 specific solution Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) Gillespie et al., 1998 TERRA-ASTER ( Land Surface Temperature LST ( Landsat8 Barsi et al., 2003
5 Barsi et al., 2003 τεl T + L u + τ (1 ε)l d = L l Where τ is the atmospheric transmission; ε is the emissivity of the surface; L T is the radiance of a blackbody target of kinetic temperature T; L u is the upwelling or atmospheric path radiance; L d is the downwelling or sky radiance; GED ASTER Emissivity Map TERRA ASTER 05 standard product Ground measurement by means of FTIR
6 TERRA-ASTER Specific Solution Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) Gillespie et al., 1998 TERRA-ASTER ( Land Surface Temperature LST ( Landsat8 Barsi et al., 2003
7 Temperature Emissivity Separation τεl T + L u + τ (1 ε)l d = L l By using TES (Gillespie et al, 1998), emissivity values is obtained by the Maximum Minimum Difference (MMD) algorithm where emissivities and temperature have been calculated starting from e = 0.98 avoiding the uncertainties due to radiance measured in n spectral bands, there will be n+1 unknowns, n emissivity and one surface temperature
8 Test Sites: Mt Etna, Sicily (Italy) Mt Etna is the largest active volcano in Europe with a diameter of 40x40 kmq and elevation of abot 3350 m a.s.l. Towering above the city of Catania on the island of Sicily, it has been growing for about 500,000 years. Mt Etna has the longest period of documented eruptions in the world. Etna is noted for the wide variety of eruption styles.
9 Test Sites: Campi Flegrei, Campania (Italy) The earliest known eruptive products are dated 47,000 years before present (BP). The Campi Flegrei caldera formed following two large explosive eruptions, the massive Campanian ignimbrite about 36,000 years BP, and the >40 cubic km Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT) about 15,000 years BP. Following eruption of the NYT a large number of eruptions have taken place from widely scattered subaerial and submarine vents. Most activity occurred during three intervals: 15, , , and years BP. Two eruptions have occurred in historical time, one in 1158 at Solfatara and the other in 1538 that formed the Monte Nuovo cinder cone.
10 Emissivity General approach Test sites Ground truth and validation Data analysis Conclusion Field Campaigns Instruments: emissivity 1,02 Model 102F FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer Emissivity 1,01 1 0,99 0,98 0,97 GROUND EMISSIVITY 0,96 0,95 0,94 0,93 8,00 9,00 10,00 11,00 12,00 13,00 14,00 Wavelenght FTIR SPECIFICATIONS Item Parameter Value Units Comments 1 Spectral Range 2-16 micromete rs Standard IR Campi Flegrei Field campaign: 28/09/2009 0,98 0,97 0,97 0,96 0,96 0,95 Ground emissivity Ground emissivity 2 Spectral Resolution (FWHH) 4 wavenumb ers Standard, 1 sec. scan 0,95 0,94 0,94 0,93 0,93 8,00 9,00 10,00 11,00 12,00 13,00 14,00 Wavelenght (micron) Mt Etna Field campaign: 07/10/2009
11 Field Campaigns Instruments: Temperature Thermoteknix System Ldt VisIR 640 thermal camera, in the 8-14µm spectral range. The EVEREST 130,2L is an infrared thermometer in the 8-14µm spectral range. Day time surface temperature variation collected by means of infrared portable thermometer. GLOBTEMPERATURE Measurements User Consultation have been started at 10:00 UTC for 20 minutes during meeting, ASTER Lisbon over 7-8 passing June 2016 (28/09/2009)
12 Day time Landsat8-27/10/ Landsat8 27/10/2014 (time 9.45 GMT) Min Max Mean Day time h 12,40 Tatm = 22,9 U = 36% ASTER 27/10/2014 (time GMT) Night ASTER - 27/10/ time Night time
13 1,04 Emissivity comparison: Solfatara campaign (28/9/2009) 1,02 1 0,98 0,96 0,94 0,92 0,9 8 8,5 9 9, , ,5 12 S7 S8 S19 S29 S31 Average ASTER EMISS_ASTER ASTER-GED TES S7, S8, S19, S29, S31 and AVERAGE: Measurements collected with FTIR Measurements collected with FTIR and convolved on ASTER SRF ASTER-GED: emissivity retrieved by the ASTER-GED EMISS_ASTER: emissivity retrieved by ASTER 05 data Emissivity retrieved using TES algorithm ASTER-GED emissivity map
14 Surface temperature from TES General approach Test sites Ground truth and validation Data analysis Conclusion Temperature Cross Comparison Solfatara field campaign 28/9/2009 Surface Temperature Map Surface Kinetic Temperature from ASTER 08 Temperature collected with Everest
15 Cross Comparison: ASTER vs Landsat8 Night time ASTER 18/07/2015 Night time LANDSAT 19/07/2015 Night time ASTER 20/07/2015 ROI on 56 points Min Max Mean Stdev ASTER 18/07/ LANDSAT 8 19/07/ ASTER 20/07/
16 Temperature Cross Comparison Etna field campaign 07/10/2009 Validation with ground truth SITE LAT LON H TIME T C T C STEMP Piano delle Concazze : ±
17 Day time TES General approach Test sites Ground truth and validation Data analysis Conclusion Temperature Cross Comparison Etna field campaign 25/06/2012 Day time ASTER 08
18 Conclusions ASTER and L8 have been scaled at ASTER-TIR channel spatial resolution (90 m) Ground truth data are referred to smaller area (nominally a point) Using two different methods (TES, BARSI) the difference in retrieved temperature is less than 3 C and 1 C respectively for Solfatara di Pozzuoli and Mt Etna The results obtained are very useful to understand variability of LST retrievals by remote sensing data They highlight the importance of precise emissivity inputs to the retrieval procedures as well as the needs of systematic calibration areas for LST satellite retrievals Ground data for Etna need still to be analyzed Comparison with GLOBTEMP data
19 THANK YOU
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